Siffofin dasa shuki da kulawa na farko-farko: hotuna na furanni daban-daban da kwanakin shuka
Primrose shine ɗayan furannin da masanan lambu suka fi so.
Fure mai haske na shukar suna fure a farkon lokacin bazara, suna ba da hujjar kasancewarsu ga magabata na farko.
A cikin labarin, zamuyi la'akari da siffofin dasa shuki na farko: zamu gano menene yanayin da yafi dacewa da bunkasa wannan kyawu, yadda za'a shirya kasa da wurin shuka, da sauran nuances na kiwon gida da gonar lambu.
Nuances na asali da ƙa'idodi
Zamu gano cikakkun bayanai game da dasa shuki da kulawa na farko a gida, haka kuma a cikin lambu a filin bude kuma ga hotuna na furanni iri daban-daban.
A cikin lambu
Don noman sararin samaniya, ana dasa shuki na farko a cikin gadaje a cikin yanayin tsiro. A lokaci guda, ya kamata ƙananan bishiyoyi iri ɗaya su kasance nesa da 10-15 cm daga juna, kuma manya - 20-30 cm.
Sau da yawa ana juya tsaba zuwa ƙasa a cikin Mayu-Yuni.... Ba duk tsiron da yakamata a dasa dashi ba - sai masu ƙarfi da masu lafiya. A karo na farko bayan dasawa zuwa titi, ana bada shawarar a rufe magirbi tare da agrofibre da daddare har sai barazanar sanyi ya wuce.
Farkon ba ya son buɗe sarari a buɗe, don haka ƙididdige tazara tsakanin dazuzzuka don a cikin yanayin balagaggu su rufe juna. Idan tsire-tsire sun girma daga tsaba, lambun na lambu na farko yana fure a shekara ta biyu ko ta uku bayan rooting, babban abu shine kulawa mai kyau.
Matsayin mai ƙa'ida, farkon buɗe iska yana girma ba tare da wahala mai yawa ba. Yana da mahimmanci a saka idanu kan ƙasa a cikin gadon gonar - ya kamata ƙasa ta kasance koyaushe tana cikin tsaka-tsakin, sako-sako, kuma babu ciyawar. Yi ma'amala da ciyawa bayan shayarwa - ana cire weeds cikin ƙasa mai daɗi tare da rhizomes.
Idan yana da zafi, ya kamata a kara shayarwa - kusan sau biyu... A matsakaita, lita uku na ruwa ya kamata ya tafi mita ɗaya na gado mai faɗi idan aka ban ruwa.
Shuka yana buƙatar ciyarwa - ƙaddamar da ma'adinai a cikin maganin ya zama mai rauni, ƙasa da abin da aka rubuta a cikin umarnin. Yawan yawan sanyawa sau daya ne a sati daga lokacin da ganyen farko suka bayyana har sai shuke-shuken fure su yi fure gaba daya.
Bai kamata ku jingina ga mahaɗan nitrogenous ba, tunda a wannan yanayin za a samar da koren taro da kyau, amma primrose ba zai so ya yi fure ba.
A gida
Tsarin gida yana girma daga tsaba... Za'a iya sayan kayan shuka a cikin shago ko kuma a shirya su da kansu. Lura cewa sabbin onlya freshan itace kawai ake buƙata a shuka su, saboda suna saurin rasa ƙwayarsu.
Domin seedsa seedsan su tsiro da kyau, ana bada shawara don daidaita su da farko - don sanya su cikin maganin sanyi. A gida, firiji ya dace don wannan dalili. Bayan rarrabewa, ana shuka daskararrun tsaba a cikin kwalaye, bayan da suka toho da bayyanar ganye biyu ko uku na farko, sai suka nitse cikin tukwane.
Kula da primrose a gida shima mai sauki ne: dole ne a shayar da shukar a kai a kai, hadu da shi, dole ne a kwance kasar cikin tukunyar kuma, zai fi dacewa, mulched. Shayar da shuke-shuke matasa (wanda aka girma daga rosettes) yana da mahimmanci a farkon makonni biyu na farko bayan rooting.
Yanayi don girma
Za mu koyi manyan abubuwan da suka shafi dasa shuki na farko - ta yaya da yaushe zai fi kyau shuka, da kuma yanayin da ya kamata a kirkira don ingantacciyar shuka da ci gaban shuka.
Kasar gona da takin zamani
Don haka ta yaya za ku dasa shuki na asali daidai? Primrose yana son sako-sako da, ƙasa mai danshi sosai... Kar a rufe kan abu, tunda a wannan yanayin sai tushen shuka zai fara lalacewa. Soilasa a cikin gado bai kamata ya zama mai yawa ba, tunda irin wannan ƙasa za ta riƙe ruwa da ƙarfi. Wannan gaskiyar tana iya zama sanadin lalacewar tushen shuka kai tsaye.
Ana ciyar da primrose tare da abubuwan da aka saba da ma'adinai - amma a cikin raunin rauni fiye da yadda aka nuna akan kunshin. Kar ka manta game da ciyarwa - ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki yana da mahimmanci ga shuka, tun da farko a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci ya kamata ya yi fure gaba ɗaya, ya yi fure, ya kuma ba da tsaba har sai ya cika.
Idan tsire-tsire suna cikin lambun a cikin lambun, to a karo na farko a cikin bazara an ba da shawarar ciyar da daji tare da raunin mai karfi mai ƙarfi na slurry (lita 1 na slurry a lita 10 na ruwa). Dole ne a zubar da taki sakamakon kowane ɗayan ƙarƙashin kowane daji. Sannan ciyar da abincin farko, yana mai da hankali kan abubuwan da ake hadawa.
Hasken wuta
Zai fi kyau a zabi wuraren da aka kiyaye su daga rana kai tsaye... Kyakkyawan wuri don primrose zai zama inuwa kusa da bishiyun fruita spreadingan itace masu yaɗuwa akan shafin: pears, itacen apple. Lura cewa nau'ikan tsirrai masu tsayi ne kawai zasu iya girma cikin aminci ba tare da wata barazana ga ganye da furanninsu a cikin makiyaya mai haske ba.
Idan primrose yana girma a gida, sanya tukunyar akan windowsill kudu ko yamma. Da kyau, idan an girma a cikin lambu, to gado a gefen yamma ko arewa maso yamma na lambun ya fi dacewa.
Zafi
Dole ne a shayar da primrose a kai a kai kuma a wadace da yawa. Guji danshi mai yawa - tushen tsire-tsire masu laushi ne, kuma tare da yawan danshi zasu iya ruɓewa.
Zazzabi
Primrose yana son sanyi. Yanayin mafi kyau duka don haɓaka zai zama kewayon daga + 12 zuwa + 15 digiri. Don sauƙaƙe tsire don jure zafin bazara, shayar da shi sau da yawa.
Yadda ake shuka: umarni
Lura da cewa tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire sukan rasa ƙwayar cuta cikin sauri - sabili da haka, don farkon ya fito lafiya, ya kamata a yi amfani da sabbin kayan shuka don shuka. Kula da hankali sosai ga wannan lokacin lokacin siyan tsaba daga shagon.
Idan kana da kayan dasa naka, zai fi sauki anan: zaka iya tabbatar da sabo. An ba da shawarar dasa zaran ka tara tsaba.
- An dasa tsaba a kan fuskar ƙasa, wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa:
- ƙasar ganye - sassa biyu;
- yashi kogi - bangare daya;
- Turf yanki daya ne.
Kada ya zama ya fi tsaba 5 a cikin 1 cm2 na matattarar.
Abun shuki na farko ba ya buƙatar zurfafawa: ana ɗan matsa tsaba a saman fuskar ƙasa.
- Dole ne a saka ƙasa inda aka shuka iri na farko a cikin jakar filastik a saka a cikin injin daskarewa tsawon makonni uku zuwa huɗu. Don haka, tsaba suna da ƙarfi kuma sun taurare.
Irin waɗannan nau'ikan tsire-tsire kamar masu ƙoshin lafiya na haƙori da na yau da kullun ba su buƙatar ɓarna.
- Bayan lokacin da aka nuna (mafi yawa bayan wata ɗaya), ana ɗauke da kunshin da tsaba daga cikin injin daskarewa kuma a sanya su a fasali iri na windowsill. A wannan yanayin, dole ne a shayar da ƙasa kaɗan don a sauƙaƙe shi sau da yawa ƙaramin ruwa.
Hankali: mafi kyawu da sauri na tsaba na farko zasuyi tsiro a yanayin zafin jiki na waje + 16-18 digiri.
- Lokacin da harbe ya fara bayyana, ya kamata a buɗe jaka kaɗan don saba wa shuke-shuke matasa don yin iska. Bayan makonni biyu, ana ba da shawarar cire jakar kwata-kwata don ƙwayoyin su ci gaba da ci gaba gaba ɗaya a sararin sama.
Lura da cewa shuke-shuken shuke-shuke suna girma cikin nutsuwa da sanyin jiki... Bayan da ganyen farko na 2-3 suka bayyana, dole ne a nutsar da tsire-tsire a cikin kwalaye. A nan gaba, aiwatar da komai a duk lokacin da kuka lura cewa tsire-tsire sun zama matsattse. Kafin yin shuki a cikin buɗaɗɗun ƙasa, dole ne a shuka shukar tsawon shekaru biyu. Mun rubuta dalla-dalla game da yadda ake narkar da tsirrai a nan.
Nau'in furanni tare da hotuna
Yi la'akari da sifofin dasa shahararrun nau'ikan farko na farko da hotunan tsire-tsire na gida da na lambu. Har ila yau, za mu gano abubuwan da suka shafi kula da su.
Kunne
'Ya'yan wannan nau'ikan na farko sunyi kyau idan suka dasa a ƙarshen (ƙarshen Oktoba - farkon Nuwamba). Game da dasa shuki, ya fi kyau a gudanar da shi a watan Fabrairu-Maris. Sanya tsaba na wata ɗaya (wataƙila makonni 3) a cikin firiji don taƙaitaccen shuka kafin shuka. A substrate ne misali.
Game da kulawa, farkon yanayin kunne bashi da ma'ana a wannan batun. Yana da mahimmanci a shayar da ƙasa a kan lokaci, sassauta shi, kawar da ciyawa daga gonar. Takin kunnen bishiyar kunne sau uku yayin girma:
- a cikin bazara;
- 14-20 kwanaki bayan karon farko;
- a karshen watan Yuli.
Jafananci
Zai fi kyau a yayata wannan shuka ta kayan ado a gida ta rarraba daji. Ana aiwatar da aikin a cikin bazara: ana wardi tare da ƙananan ganye daga uwar shuka, sannan kuma a matsayin tushen azaman samfuran masu zaman kansu.
Hankali: ya kamata ku sani cewa wadancan dazuzukan wadanda suka kai akalla shekaru uku zuwa biyar ana iya yada su ta hanyar rarrabuwa.
Kuna iya yada tsire-tsire tare da tsaba - tsire-tsire yana da kyau, amma tare da hanyar rarrabuwa, kyakkyawan sakamako ya fi tsinkaya.
Amma game da barin, to Manyan japan na Japan suna buƙatar isasshen danshi da inuwar rana... Ka tuna cewa wannan tsiron yana da tsayi da girma, don haka ya kamata a sami isasshen sarari a cikin tukunyar da cikin lambun.
Scottish
Wannan nau'in primrose yana yaduwa ne ta hanyar dukkanin tsaba da rarraba tushen. Idan aka zaɓi hanyar rarrabawa, to ya fi kyau a aiwatar da shi a lokacin bazara, don samari shuke-shuke su iya samun tushe kafin sanyi ya zo.
Shuka shukar roan asalin Scottish shima yana faruwa a lokacin bazara, yayin da suke sabo. Ana iya dasa shi kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa, ko da farko don hunturu a cikin kwalaye, kuma a lokacin bazara ana iya matsar da shi zuwa tsaunuka. Lura da cewa matasa seedlings na shuke-shuke suna musamman wuya a kan ƙasa danshidon haka kar a manta da shayarwa a kai a kai.
Amma game da kulawa ta gaba ɗaya, daidaitacce ne: shayarwa, sassautawa, manyan kayan ado. Tsarin ɗan asalin Scotland wanda yake girma a cikin lambun yana godiya don ciyarwa tare da raunin maganin tsuntsaye, yana mai da martani ga irin wannan ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki tare da fure mai ban sha'awa.
Yadda za a magance shuka?
Bayan furen ya sami tushe, mafi yawanci yana buƙatar wadataccen danshi a cikin ƙasa. Shuke-shuken ba ya jure bushewar babin Layer na fili, don haka yi kokarin kauce wa wannan.
Amma, lura, cewa bai kamata a bar yawan danshi ba, tunda wannan gaskiyar tana da haɗari ga asalinsu. A ranakun bazara, shayar da furen sau 2-3 a mako, kuma a cikin yanayi mai sanyi, sau ɗaya a cikin wannan lokacin ya isa.
Bayan hanyoyin moisturizing, dole ne a kwance ƙasadon samar da oxygen ga asalinsu na farko. Don haka, tsiron zai bunkasa da sauri. Hakanan ana ba da shawarar yin ciyawar saman Layer na substrate ta amfani da tsohuwar peat mai gina jiki.
Idan kun dasa fure a lokacin bazara, ana bada shawarar rufe gonar da ganyen da suka faɗi da agrofibre don hunturu don kare samari daga daskarewa. Karanta game da yadda zaka iya shirya share fage don hunturu anan.
Yanayi
Idan muna magana ne game da tsire-tsire masu ɗorewa, to ana shuka shi ne a lokacin bazara ko kaka, kuma yawanci dasa shi a cikin ƙasa yawanci ana yin sa ne a ƙarshen shekara mai zuwa. Idan ka zaɓi bazara don dasa shuki, ana ba da shawarar ka tsaya a ƙarshen Mayu.
Cututtuka
Idan primrose ya fara ciwo ba da daɗewa ba bayan dasa shuki, a mafi yawan lokuta wannan saboda rashin dacewar kulawar shuka ne. Daga cikin cututtukan da ake yawan samu na tsire-tsire kamar haka:
- tushe da tushe rot (saboda busting da watering);
- tabo (cutar kwayar cuta mai yaduwa);
- kokwamba mosaic (virus).
Duk waɗannan cututtukan suna bayyana ne ta hanyar aibobi akan ganyayyaki. Sabili da haka, don hana yaduwar cutar da mutuwar furanni, nan da nan cire ganyen da abin ya shafa, duk irin yanayin ɗigon da ke kansu. Kuna iya fesawa tare da kayan gwari da magungunan kwari - duka don manufar magani da rigakafin.
Bidiyoyi masu alaƙa
Hakanan zaka iya gano sifofin shuka da kulawa na farkon a wannan bidiyon:
Kammalawa
Don haka, mun koyi yadda ake shuka shuke-shuke a gonar da kuma gida. Kamar yadda kake gani, babu wani abu mai rikitarwa a cikin aikin: ana iya yaduwar shuka duka ta hanyar tsaba da kuma tushen tushen.
Bayan aiwatar da dasa daidai, kuma ci gaba da iya kula da tsire-tsire sannan kula, ba da daɗewa ba zaku iya samun shrub mai ban mamaki, wanda ke faranta ido da kyawawan furanni na dogon lokaci.