12 mafi tsaunuka kuma masu aiki sosai a duniya

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Babu shakka, duwatsun tsaunuka masu aiki a duniya suna ɗaya daga cikin mafi ban sha'awa da kyau kuma a lokaci guda abin ban tsoro na al'amuran halitta. Wadannan tsarin ilimin kasa sun taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samuwar Duniya. Dubunnan shekarun da suka gabata akwai adadi mai yawa daga cikinsu a duk faɗin duniya.

A yau, akwai 'yan aman wuta da ke aiki har yanzu. Wasu daga cikinsu suna tsoratar, suna jin daɗi, kuma a lokaci guda suna lalata ƙauyuka gabaɗaya. Bari mu ga inda shahararrun duwatsu masu aman wuta suke.

Llullaillaco

Wani hankula na stratovolcano (yana da layi, mai siffar sifa mai tsayi) tsawonsa yakai mita 6739. Yana kan iyakar Chile da Argentina.

Irin wannan hadadden sunan ana iya fassara shi ta hanyoyi daban-daban:

"Ruwan da ba za a iya samu ba duk da dogon bincike";
"Taushi mai taushi wanda ya zama mai wahala".

A gefen ƙasar Chile, a ƙasan dutsen mai fitad da wuta, akwai Filin shakatawa na ƙasa mai suna iri ɗaya - Llullaillaco, don haka kewaye da dutsen yana da kyau sosai. A lokacin hawan zuwa saman, masu yawon bude ido sun hadu da jakuna, yawancin tsuntsaye da guanacos da ke rayuwa a cikin yanayin yanayi.

Akwai hanyoyi guda biyu don hawa zuwa rami:

arewa - tsawon kilomita 4.6, titin ya dace da tuki;
kudu - tsawon kilomita 5.

Idan zaku yi tafiya, ɗauki takamaimai na musamman da gatarin kankara tare da ku, tunda akwai yankuna masu dusar ƙanƙara a kan hanyar.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! A lokacin hawan farko a cikin 1952, an gano wani wurin ajiyar kayan tarihi na Inca a dutsen, kuma a cikin 1999, an gano gawawwakin yarinya da saurayi kusa da ramin. A cewar masana kimiyya, sun zama wadanda abin ya shafa.

Anyi rikodin fashewa mafi ƙarfi sau uku - a cikin 1854 da 1866. Fashewa ta ƙarshe na dutsen mai fitad da wuta ya faru a cikin 1877.

San Pedro

Babban katon mai tsayin mita 6145 yana cikin tsaunukan Andes, a arewacin Chile kusa da Bolivia a Yammacin Cordillera. Thewanƙolin dutsen mai fitad da wuta ya tashi sama da ruwa mafi tsayi a cikin Chile - Loa.

San Pedro na ɗaya daga cikin manyan dutsen mai fitad da wuta. A karo na farko, sun sami nasarar hawa dutsen a cikin 1903. A yau yana da jan hankali na musamman a cikin Chile wanda ke jan hankalin dubban masu yawon buɗe ido daga sassa daban-daban na duniya. A cikin karni na XX, dutsen mai fitad da wuta ya tuno da kansa sau 7, a karo na karshe a shekarar 1960. Fiye da rabin karni, San Pedro yayi kama da kaskon da yake kumfa wanda zai iya fashewa a kowane lokaci. A ƙasan akwai alamun da ke faɗakar da cewa hawa cikin ramin yana yiwuwa ne kawai tare da abin rufe fuska daga kariya daga hayaki mai guba.

Abin sha'awa:

San Pedro na ɗaya daga cikin manyan volan dutsen aman wuta da ya ci gaba da aiki har zuwa yau. Gattai da yawa ana ɗaukarsu a matsayin batattu.
Maƙwabcin San Pedro shine dutsen San Pablo. Tana daga gabas kuma tsayinta yakai mita 6150. Dutsen biyu an haɗa su da babban sirdi.
Mutanen Chile suna ba da labarin tatsuniyoyi da yawa waɗanda ke da alaƙa da dutsen San Pedro, tun da yake kowane fashewar da ta gabata ana ɗaukarsa alama ce ta sama kuma tana da ma’anar sihiri.
Ga zuriyar baƙin haure daga Sifen da 'yan asalin ƙasar, dutsen mai fitad da wuta tushen tushe ne na yau da kullun.

El Misti

Daga cikin dukkanin dutsen mai fitad da wuta a duniya akan taswirar, wannan ana ɗaukarsa da mafi kyau. Taron kolin wani lokacin dusar ƙanƙara ne. Dutsen yana kusa da garin Arequipa, tsayinsa ya kai mita 5822. Dutsen tsauni sananne ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a samansa akwai ramuka biyu masu girman diamita kusan kusan kilomita 1 da 550 m.

Akwai dunes na ban mamaki masu ban mamaki a kan gangaren. Sun bayyana ne sakamakon iskar da akai tsakanin El Misti da Mount Cerro Takune, sun miƙe na kilomita 20.

An yi aikin aiki na farko na dutsen mai fitad da wuta yayin ƙaura daga Turawa zuwa Latin Amurka. Mafi karfi, mummunan bala'i ya faru a 1438. A cikin karni na XX, dutsen mai fitad da wuta sau da yawa ya nuna bambancin aiki:

A 1948, na rabin shekara;
a shekarar 1959;
a shekarar 1985, an lura da hayakin da yake fitarwa.

Masana kimiyya daga Peru sun yanke hukunci aan shekarun da suka gabata cewa aikin girgizar ƙasa na dutsen yana ci gaba da ƙaruwa. Wannan kan haifar da girgizar kasa, wanda ba bakon abu bane a yankin. Ganin cewa El Misti yana kusa da wani babban shiri a cikin Peru, wannan yasa ya zama mummunan dutsen mai fitad da wuta.

Popocatepetl

Ana zaune a Mexico, mafi girman maki ya kai mita 5500 sama da matakin teku. Wannan shine tsauni na biyu mafi tsayi a yankin jihar.

Aztec sun yi imani da cewa bautar dutsen mai fitad da wuta zai ba da ruwan sama, don haka suna kawo sadaukarwa a kai a kai a nan.

Popocatepetl yana da haɗari saboda an gina birane da yawa kewaye da shi:

manyan biranen jihohin Puebla da Tlaxcal;
biranen Mexico City da Cholula.

A cewar masana kimiyya, dutsen ya yi aman wuta sama da sau uku a tarihinsa. An yi fashewar fashewa ta ƙarshe a cikin Mayu 2013. A lokacin bala'in, an rufe filin jirgin saman Puebla kuma an rufe tituna da toka. Duk da hatsarin da ke boye, dubban masu yawon bude ido daga ko'ina cikin duniya suna zuwa dutsen mai fitad da wuta a kowace shekara don su yaba da shimfidar, su saurari labarin kuma su ji daɗin dutsen.

Sangay dutsen mai fitad da wuta

Sangay na ɗaya daga cikin fitattun duwatsu goma masu aiki, waɗanda sune mafiya ƙarfi a duniya. Dutse yana Kudancin Amurka, tsayinsa ya kai mita 5230. Da aka fassara, sunan dutsen mai fitad da wuta yana nufin "abin tsoro" kuma wannan yana nuna ɗabi'arsa sosai - ana yawan samun fashewa a nan, wani lokacin kuma duwatsu masu nauyin tan 1 suna faɗuwa ne daga sama. A saman dutsen, an lulluɓe shi da dusar ƙanƙara ta dindindin, akwai maƙera uku waɗanda ke da diamita daga mita 50 zuwa 100.

Shekarun dutsen mai fitad da wuta kusan shekaru dubu goma sha huɗu ne, gwarzon ya kasance yana aiki musamman a cikin decadesan shekarun nan. Recordedaya daga cikin ayyukan ɓarnar da aka rubuta a cikin 2006, fashewar ta ɗauki fiye da shekara guda.

Hawan farko ya ɗauki kusan wata 1, a yau masu yawon buɗe ido suna tafiya cikin ta'aziyya, ta mota, mutane sun shawo kan ɓangaren ƙarshe na hanya akan alfadarai. Tafiya tana ɗaukar kwanaki da yawa. Gabaɗaya, ana yin duban tafiya kamar mai wahala, saboda haka 'yan kaɗan ne suka yanke shawarar hawa dutsen. Masu yawon bude ido da suka ci nasara a kan dutsen suna jin ƙanshin sulfur kuma hayaƙi yana kewaye da su. A matsayin sakamako, wuri mai ban mamaki ya buɗe daga sama.

Dutsen tsaunin yana kewaye da dajin Sangay, wanda ya mamaye yanki sama da kadada 500. A cikin 1992, UNESCO ta sanya wurin shakatawa a cikin jerin rukunin yanar gizon da ke cikin haɗari. Koyaya, a cikin 2005 an cire abun daga jerin.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! Yankin shakatawa na dauke da manyan dutsen tsawa guda uku a Ecuador - Sangay, Tungurahua da El Altar.

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Klyuchevskaya Sopka

Dutsen tsaunin ne mafi girma a yankin na Eurasia - mita 4750, kuma shekarunsa sun fi shekaru dubu 7. Klyuchevskaya Sopka yana cikin tsakiyar yankin Kamchatka, akwai wasu volcanoes da yawa a kusa. Girman gwarzon yana ƙaruwa bayan kowane ɓarkewa. Akwai ramuka na gefen dutse sama da 80 a kan gangaren, saboda haka ana samun kwararar ruwa da yawa a yayin fashewar.

Dutsen tsawa yana ɗaya daga cikin masu aiki a duniya kuma yana ayyana kansa akai-akai, kusan sau ɗaya a kowace shekaru 3-5. Tsawancin kowane aiki ya kai watanni da yawa. Na farko ya faru ne a 1737. A lokacin 2016, dutsen yana aiki sau 55.

An rubuta mafi munin haɗari a cikin 1938, tsawon sa ya kasance watanni 13. Sakamakon bala'in, an sami tsaga mai tsawon kilomita 5. A cikin 1945, fashewar ta kasance tare da mummunan dutsen. Kuma a cikin 1974, ayyukan da Klyuchevskaya Sopka yayi ya haifar da fashewar kankara.

A yayin fashewar 1984-1987, an sami sabon ganuwa, kuma hayakin tokar ya tashi kilomita 15. A cikin 2002, dutsen mai fitad da wuta ya yi aiki sosai, an rubuta mafi girman aiki a cikin 2005 da 2009. Zuwa shekarar 2010, tsayin dutsen ya wuce kilomita 5. A cikin bazara na 2016, tsawon makonni da yawa, wani ɓarkewar ya sake faruwa, tare da raurawar ƙasa, kwararar ruwa da tokawar ash zuwa tsayin kilomita 11.

Mauna loa

Ana iya kallon fashewar wannan dutsen mai fitad da wuta daga ko'ina cikin Hawaii. Mauna Loa tana cikin tarin tsiburai da aka samar da ayyukan tsauni. Tsayin sa ya kai mita 4169. Fasali - bakin ramin ba zagaye bane, saboda haka nisan daga wannan gefen zuwa wancan ya banbanta tsakanin kilomita 3-5. Mazaunan tsibirin suna kiran dutse Long.

A bayanin kula! Yawancin jagora a kan tsibirin sun kawo masu yawon bude ido zuwa dutsen Mauna Kea. Tabbas ya ɗan fi Mauna Loa ƙarfi, amma sabanin na ƙarshe, ya rigaya ya lalace. Sabili da haka, tabbatar da bincika wane dutsen da kuke son gani.

Shekaru Mauna Loa shekaru dubu 700, wanda dubu 300 ya kasance ƙarƙashin ruwa. Ayyuka masu aiki na dutsen mai fitad da wuta sun fara yin rikodin ne kawai a farkon rabin karni na 19. A wannan lokacin, ya tuna kansa fiye da sau 30. Tare da kowane fashewa, girman ƙaton yana ƙaruwa.

Bala'i mafi bala'i ya faru a 1926 da 1950. Dutsen tsaunin ya lalata kauyuka da dama da wani birni. Kuma fashewa a cikin 1935 yayi kama da makircin fitaccen fim ɗin Soviet "The Crew". An yi rikodin aiki na ƙarshe a cikin 1984, tsawon makonni 3 aka zubo daga cikin ramin. A cikin 2013, an yi girgizar ƙasa da yawa, wanda ke nuna cewa dutsen mai fitad da wuta nan da nan zai iya nuna abin da yake iya sakewa.

Zamu iya cewa masana kimiyya sun fi sha'awar Mauna Loa. A cewar masu ilimin girgizar kasa, dutsen mai fitad da wuta (ɗayan kaɗan ne a duniya) zai ci gaba da ɓarkewa har tsawon shekaru miliyan ɗaya.

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Kamaru

Ya kasance a cikin jamhuriya mai wannan sunan, a gaɓar Tekun Gulf of Guinea. Wannan shine mafi girman ma'anar jihar - mita 4040. Afar dutsen da ƙananan ɓangarensa an lulluɓe da dazuzzuka masu zafi, babu ciyayi a saman, akwai ɗan dusar ƙanƙara.

A Yammacin Afirka, dutsen da ke aiki sosai duk wanda ke aiki a babban yankin. A cikin karnin da ya gabata, gwarzon ya nuna kansa sau 8. Kowane fashewa yayi kama da fashewa. Ambaton farko na bala'in ya samo asali ne tun karni na 5 kafin haihuwar Yesu. A cikin 1922, dutsen lava ya isa bakin tekun Atlantika. Fashewa ta karshe ta faru ne a shekarar 2000.

Kyakkyawan sani! Mafi kyawun lokacin hawan shine Disamba ko Janairu. A watan Fabrairu, ana gudanar da gasar shekara-shekara "Tseren Fata" a nan. Dubban mahalarta suna hawa zuwa saman, suna fafatawa cikin sauri.

Kerinci

Mafi girman dutsen mai fitad da wuta a cikin Indonesia (tsayinta ya kai mita 3 kilomita 800) kuma mafi girman wurin a Sumatra. Yana cikin tsakiyar tsibirin, kudu da garin Padang. Ba da nisa da dutsen mai dutsen ba ne Keinchi Seblat Park, wanda ke da matsayin ƙasa.

Ramin ya fi zurfin mita 600 kuma yana da tabki a yankinsa na arewa maso gabas. An yi rikodin fashewa mai ƙarfi a cikin 2004, lokacin da shafi na toka da hayaƙi ya tashi kilomita 1. An rubuta mummunan bala'i na ƙarshe a cikin 2009, kuma a cikin 2011 an ji aikin dutsen mai fitad da wuta a cikin sifa irin ta halayya.

A lokacin bazara na shekarar 2013, dutsen ya fitar da wani gungumen toka mai tsayin mita 800. Mazauna garuruwan da ke kusa sun tattara kayansu cikin sauri suka kwashe. Toka ta sanya launin toka a sararin samaniya, kuma iska tana jin ƙamshin sulphur. Mintuna 30 ne kawai suka wuce, kuma an rufe ƙauyuka da yawa da farin toka. Damuwa ta samo asali ne daga gonakin shayi, wadanda suke kusa da dutsen mai fitad da wuta kuma suma suka wahala sakamakon bala'in. An yi sa'a, an yi ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya bayan faruwar lamarin, kuma sakamakon gobarar ya tafi da ruwa.

Yana da ban sha'awa! Hawan dutse zai shiga kwana 2 zuwa 3. Hanyar tana bi ta cikin dazuzzuka masu yawa, galibi hanyar tana santsi. Don shawo kan hanyar, kuna buƙatar taimakon jagora. Akwai lokuta da yawa a cikin tarihi lokacin da matafiya suka bace, suna tafiya da kansu. Zai fi kyau fara hawanku a ƙauyen Kersik Tua.

Labari mai dangantaka: TOP 15 ɗakunan karatu mara kyau a duniya.

Erebus

Manufofin tsaunuka masu aiki a kowace nahiya (ban da Ostiraliya) na jan hankalin masana kimiyya da masu yawon buɗe ido. Ko da a Antarctica akwai ɗayansu - Erebus. Wannan dutsen mai fitad da wuta yana kudu da wasu abubuwa wadanda masanan seismologists suke bincike. Tsayin dutsen ya kai kilomita 3 794, kuma girman ramin ya ɗan fi 800 m.

Dutsen ya fara aiki tun a karshen karnin da ya gabata, lokacin da aka bude tasha a jihar New Mexico, ma’aikatanta suna sa ido kan ayyukanta. Wani sabon abu na Erebus shine tafkin lava.

An sanya sunan abun bayan allahn Erebus. Dutsen yana cikin yanki mai lalacewa, wanda shine dalilin da yasa aka gane dutsen mai fitad da wuta a matsayin ɗayan mafi tasiri a duniya. Gas din da aka fitar yana haifar da mummunar lahani ga lemar ozone. Masana kimiyya sun lura cewa a nan ne mafi matattarar sifar ozone.

Fashewar dutsen da ke faruwa a yanayin fashewar abubuwa, lawa tana da kauri, daskarewa da sauri kuma ba shi da lokacin yadawa a manyan wurare.

Babban haɗarin shine toka, wanda ke sa wahalar tashiwa, saboda ƙarancin gani ya ragu. Ruwan laka kuma yana da haɗari, tunda yana tafiya da sauri, kuma kusan ba shi yiwuwa a kubuta daga gare shi.

Erebus abu ne mai ban mamaki na halitta - mai girma, tsafi da sihiri. Tekun da ke cikin bakin dutse yana jan hankali da sirrinsa na musamman.

Etna

Dake cikin Sicily, a cikin Bahar Rum. Tare da tsayin mita 3329, ba za a iya danganta shi ga manyan dutsen mai fitad da wuta a duniya ba, amma da tabbaci za a iya haɗa shi cikin masu aiki sosai. Bayan kowane fashewa, tsayin yana ƙaruwa kaɗan. Ita ce mafi girman dutsen mai fitad da wuta a cikin Turai; a koyaushe ana yi mata ado da dusar ƙanƙara. Dutsen yana da manyan cones 4 da kusan na gefe 400.

Aikin farko ya faro ne daga 1226 BC. Mummunan fashewa ya faru ne a shekara ta 44 kafin haihuwar Yesu, yana da karfi sosai wanda toka ya rufe sararin samaniya gaba daya a kan babban birnin kasar Italiya, ya lalata girbin a gabar tekun Bahar Rum. A yau Etna ba ta da haɗari sosai kamar yadda ta kasance a zamanin da. Fashewa ta ƙarshe ta faru ne a cikin bazarar shekarar 2008 kuma ta ɗauki kusan kwanaki 420.

Dutsen tsawa yana da kyau saboda ciyayi iri-iri, inda zaka iya samun dabino, cacti, pines, agaves, spruces, biscuses, bishiyoyi masu 'ya'ya da gonakin inabi. Wasu tsire-tsire suna da halayyar Etna kawai - itace na dutse, violet na Ethnian. Yawancin tatsuniyoyi da tatsuniyoyi suna da alaƙa da dutsen mai fitad da wuta da dutsen.

Kilauea

A kan tsibirin Hawaiian, wannan dutsen mai fitad da wuta ne mai ƙarfi (duk da cewa nesa da mafi girma a duniya). A cikin Hawaiian, Kilauea yana nufin kwararar ruwa sosai. Rushewa yana faruwa koyaushe tun daga 1983.

Dutsin dutsen yana cikin gandun dajin Volcanoes na kasa, tsayinsa bai wuce kilomita 1 da digo 247 ba, amma ya biya diyyarsa don ba shi da muhimmanci tare da aiki. Kilauea ya bayyana shekaru dubu 25 da suka gabata, ana ganin diamita na dutsen mai fitad da wuta ɗayan mafi girma a duniya - kusan kilomita 4.5.

Abin sha'awa! A cewar labari, dutsen mai fitad da wuta wurin zama ne na allahiya Pele (allahn tsaunuka masu aman wuta). Hawayenta guda ne na lava, kuma gashinta rafukan lawa ne.

Puuoo lava lake, wanda yake a cikin kwari, abin birgewa ne. Zubi da dutsen da ke narkewa yana hutawa, yana ƙirƙirar abubuwan al'ajabi a saman. Yana da haɗari kasancewa kusa da wannan abin mamakin na halitta, tunda wutar lava ta tashi zuwa tsayin mita 500.

Baya ga tabkin, zaku iya sha'awar kogon ɗabi'a a nan. Tsawonsa ya fi kilomita 60. An yi wa rufin kogon ado da kayan kwalliya. Masu yawon bude ido sun lura cewa yawo a cikin kogon yana kama da tashi zuwa duniyar wata.

A cikin 1990, dutsen lawa ya lalata ƙauyen kwata-kwata, kaurin layin lawa ya kasance daga mita 15 zuwa 25. Tsawon shekaru 25, dutsen mai aman wuta ya lalata kusan gidaje 130, ya lalata kilomita 15 na kan hanya, sannan lawa ta rufe yanki mai nisan kilomita 120.

Dukan duniya sun kalli fashewar Kilauea mafi ƙarfi a cikin 2014. Fashewa ta kasance tare da raurawar ƙasa na lokaci-lokaci. Volananan lawa sun lalata gine-ginen zama da gonaki masu aiki. An kwashe ƙaura daga matsugunan mafi kusa, amma ba duk mazaunan suka nuna sha'awar barin gidajensu ba.

Wanne babban yankin ba shi da wutar lantarki mai aiki

Babu dadadden gobara ko wutar duwatsu a cikin Ostiraliya.Wannan ya faru ne saboda kasancewar yankin da ke nesa da kuskuren ɓawon burodi kuma ƙwarjin dutse ba shi da mafita zuwa saman.

Kishiyar Ostiraliya ita ce Japan - ƙasar tana cikin yankin tectonic mafi haɗari. Anan faranti tectonic 4 suka yi karo.

Volananan duwatsu masu duwatsu na duniya wani abin mamakin yanayi ne mai ban tsoro. Kowace shekara a duniya ana samun fashewa daga 60 zuwa 80 a nahiyoyi daban-daban.

Manyan duwatsu masu aiki 12 da aka tattauna a cikin labarin suna alama a taswirar duniya.

Abubuwan fashewa waɗanda aka yi fim ɗin su.

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