El Escorial a Spain: gidan sarauta ne na Allah, rumfa ce ga sarki

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Ginin gine-ginen El Escorial (Spain) ana kiran shi mafi ban mamaki ban mamaki na Madrid. Amma har ma da almara da yawa waɗanda ke kewaye da tarihin wannan wuri bai hana ta shiga cikin UNESCO a jerin abubuwan tarihi na Duniya ba kuma ya zama ɗayan kusurwoyin ƙasar da aka fi ziyarta.

Janar bayani

Fadar El Escorial a Spain babban gini ne na zamanin da kuma ɗayan mahimman alamu a ƙasar, wanda aka gina don tunawa da nasarar da Spain ta samu akan sojojin abokan gaba. Gine-ginen mai ƙarfi, wanda ke da tafiyar awa ɗaya daga Madrid, yana yin ayyuka da yawa a lokaci ɗaya - gidan zama na masarauta, gidan sufi da babban kabarin sarakunan Spain.

Daya daga cikin siffofin El Escorial, wanda wasu lokuta idan aka kwatanta shi da abin mamaki na takwas na duniya, ana kiran sa mafarkin gaskiya mai ban tsoro.

rashin cikakken ɗaukaka ne a mafi yawancin gidajen sarauta. Ko da kamanninta ya yi kama da kagara fiye da gidan sarauta na marmari! Amma har ma da tsananin wahala da gajarta, San Lorenzo de El Escorial yana da abun gani.

Ana kiyaye ƙofar gidan sufin ta wata ƙatacciyar ƙofar da aka yi da zinare tsantsa. Bayan su, baƙi suna iya ganin Farfajiyar Sarakuna, waɗanda aka yi wa ado da mutum-mutumi na sarakunan kirki na Littafi Mai-Tsarki. A tsakiyar wannan farfajiyar akwai wurin ajiyar ruwa, wanda ke kusa da wuraren waha huɗu waɗanda aka yi wa ado da marmara mai launuka iri-iri.

Idanun tsuntsu na El Escorial a Spain ya nuna cewa an raba shi zuwa ƙananan ƙananan farfajiyoyi waɗanda aka yi wa ado da shuke-shuke masu ciyawa kuma an haɗa su da kyawawan hotuna. Adon cikin gida na El Escorial yana faranta rai tare da nau'ikan da yawa. Finishingarshen marmara a cikin sautuka masu launin toka mai launin toka, bango wanda aka zana shi da zanen zane mai ban sha'awa, ɗaukakar zane-zane wanda manyan masanan Milanese suka kirkira - duk wannan yana haɗe da girman girman kabarin da sauƙin ɗakin masarauta.

Babban abin alfahari na gidan ibada na El Escorial shine bagaden coci, wanda aka kawata shi da watsa duwatsu masu daraja da griotto mai launuka iri-iri. Hakanan yana ɗaukar bakuncin kide-kide da wake-wake na ɗakuna na yau da kullun da kuma wasan kwaikwayon da shahararrun mawaƙa maza ke yi, wanda aka kwatanta waƙoƙin sa da muryoyin mala'iku.

Tunanin tarihi

Tarihin San Lorenzo de El Escorial ya faro ne a shekarar 1557 tare da yakin Saint Quentin, a lokacinda sojojin sarki Philip na II bawai kawai suka kayar da makiya Faransa ba, har ma sun kusan lalata gidan sufi na St. Lawrence. Mutumin da ke da son addini sosai kuma yana son ya ci gaba da samun nasara a kan sojojin abokan gaba, sarki ya yanke shawarar kafa gidan ibada na musamman.

Sannan komai ya kasance kamar a cikin sanannen labarin mutane. Tattara gine-ginen 2, masu zanan dutse 2 da masana kimiyya 2, Philip II ya umarce su da su nemi wurin da ba zai yi zafi ko sanyi ba, kuma za a same shi ba da nisa da babban birnin ba. Ya zama tushe na Saliyo de Guadarrama, wanda aka kiyaye shi daga tsaunuka masu tsayi daga rana mai zafi mai zafi da iska mai sanyi.

Dutse na farko da aka kafa a cikin harsashin sabon ginin an kafa shi a shekara ta 1563, kuma yayin da ya ci gaba, ƙwarewar shirye-shiryen mai mulkin Spain ya zama. Gaskiyar ita ce, Philip II, wanda aka rarrabe ta rashin lafiya da kuma son yin tawali'u, bai yi mafarki da fada ba, amma ya yi zaman gidan nutsuwa inda zai huta da damuwar masarauta da masu fada a ji. Abin da ya sa El Escorial a Madrid ya zama ba kawai gidan sarki mai mulki ba, har ma da gidan sufi mai aiki wanda yawancin dozin masu yawa ke zaune. Kuma mafi mahimmanci, a nan ne Philip II ya shirya aiwatar da umarnin Charles V da kuma gina kabarin sarauta wanda za a binne duk danginsa.

Ginin wannan babban haɗin ginin ya ɗauki tsawon shekaru 20. A wannan lokacin, mashahuran gine-gine da yawa sun sami damar jagorantar sa, gami da ɗalibin Michelangelo Juan Bautista Toledo. Ginin da aka gama ya kasance babban sifa ne, wanda shi kansa Philip II da kansa ya kira shi "fada ga Allah kuma rumfa ce ga sarki."

A tsakiyar El Escorial ya tsaya wani katon katolika na Katolika, wanda ke alamta imanin sarki cewa duk ɗan siyasar da ya damu da makomar ƙasarsa bai kamata ya manta da imaninsa na addini ba. A bangaren kudanci akwai gidan sufi, kuma a arewacin akwai gidan zama na sarauta, wanda bayyanarsa yananan nuna tsananin halin mai shi.

Abin sha'awa, kabarin, babban cocin, da sauran abubuwa da yawa na hadadden an yi su ne a cikin salon Desornamentado, wanda ke nufin "ba a yi ado ba" a cikin Mutanen Espanya. Akin masarauta na El Escorial ba banda bane, wanda ke haɗe da gargajiyar gargajiyar farin ganuwar farar fata da bene mai tubali mai sauƙi. Duk wannan ya sake jaddada sha'awar Philip II na sauki da aiki.

A ƙarshen dukkan aikin, sarki ya fara tattara takardun masu zane-zanen Turawa, yana tattara tarin takardu masu mahimmanci da littattafai, gami da gudanar da taruka daban-daban na zamantakewa. Mafi shahara a cikinsu shine gasar dara ta 1575, da aka gudanar tsakanin 'yan wasan Spain da Italia. Shi ne mai zane-zane na Venetian Luigi Mussini ya kama shi a cikin zaninsa.

Hadadden tsari

Fadar El Escorial a Madrid ta ƙunshi sassa masu zaman kansu da dama, kowannensu ya cancanci kulawa mafi kyau ga baƙi.

Kabarin Sarauta ko Pantheon na Sarakuna

Kabarin Sarakuna a Escorial (Spain) ana ɗaukarsa mafi ban mamaki kuma, watakila, ɓangaren baƙin ciki na hadaddun. Babban kabarin, wanda aka yiwa ado da marmara, yasfa da tagulla, ya kasu kashi 2. Na farko, wanda ake kira da Pantheon of Kings, yana ƙunshe da kayan tarihin kusan duk shugabannin Spain in ban da Fernando VI, Philip V da Amadeo na Savoy.

Amma bangare na biyu na kabarin, wanda aka fi sani da Pantheon of Jarirai, "na" ya kasance ga ƙananan princesan sarki da sarakuna, waɗanda uwar-sarauniyarsu take kusa da su. Wani abin sha'awa shine, babu koda kabari guda daya kyauta da ya rage a cikin kabarin, don haka batun inda za'a binne sarki da sarauniya a halin yanzu ya kasance a bude.

Laburare

Girman da mahimmancin tarihin gidan ajiyar littattafan gidan sarauta na El Escorial shine na biyu bayan sanannen dakin karatun Apostolic na Vatican. Baya ga rubuce-rubucen hannu da Uwar Teresa, Alfonso Mai hikima da St. Augustine suka rubuta, yana ɗauke da manyan tarin tsofaffin rubuce-rubucen gabas, aiki kan tarihi da zane-zane, lambobin gidan sufa, da kuma almanacs da aka kirkira a lokacin Tsararru.

Adadin kayan kayan tarihin kusan dubu 40. Yawancin wannan kayan an sanya su a cikin manyan katuna waɗanda aka yi da itace mai daraja kuma an haɗa su da ƙofofin gilashi masu haske. Koyaya, koda a cikin wannan yanayin, da wuya ku iya la'akari da taken wannan ko wancan ɗab'in. Gaskiyar ita ce ɗakin karatun El Escorial shi kaɗai ne a duniya inda ake nuna littattafai tare da ƙashin baya a ciki. An yi imanin cewa idan babu hasken rana kai tsaye, asalinsu, waɗanda aka yi wa ado da tsofaffin alamu, za a fi kiyaye su da kyau.

Ginin laburaren ya yi daidai da "mazaunan", babban adonsa shine shimfidar marmara da rufin fenti na musamman, hotunan wanda ke dauke da horo na kyauta guda 7 - ilimin lissafi, maganganu, lissafi, da dai sauransu. ganuwar.

Gidajen tarihi

Akwai gidajen tarihi guda biyu masu ban sha'awa a yankin fadar Escorial Palace ta Madrid. Ofayansu yana ƙunshe da zane-zane, samfuri masu girma uku, kayan aikin gini da sauran baje kolin da suka shafi tarihin shahararren kabarin. A wani, an nuna zane-zane sama da 1,500 na Titian, El Greco, Goya, Velazquez da sauran shahararrun masu zane-zane (duka Mutanen Espanya da baƙi).

Masana kimiyya sun yi iƙirarin cewa zaɓi na mafi yawan zane-zanen da Philip II da kansa ya jagoranta, wanda ke da ɗanɗano na fasaha. Bayan rasuwarsa, sauran magada a gadon sarautar Sifen suma sun tsunduma kan sake cika tarin mai kima. Af, a ɗayan ɗakunan dakuna 9 na wannan gidan kayan gargajiyar zaka iya ganin taswirar ƙasa da yawa waɗanda aka tattara a cikin waɗancan zamani masu nisa. Idan kuna da lokaci, gwada su da takwarorinsu na zamani - aiki ne mai ban sha'awa.

Wuraren shakatawa da lambuna

Babu ƙarancin jan hankali na El Escorial a Spain sune lambunan gidan sarauta waɗanda suke a kudanci da gabashin sassan gidan sufi. An yi su ne da sifofin sifofi daban-daban kuma an dasa su da ɗaruruwan kyawawan furanni da shuke-shuke. Wurin shakatawa na da babbar tafki, tare da tarin farin swans suke shawagi kowane lokaci, sannan da kyawawan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa da yawa waɗanda suka dace da sararin samaniya.

El Real Cathedral

Idan aka kalli hotunan El Escorial, ba shi yiwuwa a lura da babban katolika na Katolika, wanda darajarsa ta zama abin birgewa ga baƙi. Ofayan ɗayan kayan adon El Real shine tsoffin frescoes, wanda yake rufe ba kawai rufin duka ba, harma da sarari sama da bagadai goma sha huɗu. Sun ce ba Mutanen Espanya kaɗai ba, har ma mashawartan Venetian suka tsunduma cikin ƙirƙirar su.

Ba ƙaramin sha'awa yake ba shine tsakiyar retablo, babban bagade wanda babban mai tsara gidan sarki ya tsara. Zanen da aka yi a wannan bangare na babban cocin an kawata su da zinare zalla, yayin da siffofin gidan sarauta wadanda ke durƙusa da addu'a an yi su ne da marmara mai farin ƙanƙara.

Kuma wata gaskiyar mai ban sha'awa! Dangane da ƙirar asali, dome na El Real Cathedral yakamata ya kasance mai tsayi kamar yadda zai yiwu. Koyaya, da oda na Vatican, an barshi a matakin 90 m - in ba haka ba zai kasance da yawa fiye da na St. Peter a Rome.

Bayani mai amfani

Fadar Escorial, wacce ke Av Juan de Borbón y Battemberg, 28200, a buɗe take duk shekara, kuma lokutan ziyarar ya dogara ne kawai da lokacin:

Oktoba - Maris: daga 10:00 zuwa 18:00;
Afrilu - Satumba: daga 10:00 zuwa 20:00.

Lura! A ranakun Litinin, ana rufe gidan sufi, fada da kabari!

Kudin tikiti na yau da kullun shine 10 €, tare da ragi - 5 €. Ofishin tikiti yana rufe sa'a ɗaya kafin ƙarshen ginin. Arshen shigarwa zuwa yankinta shine a daidai wannan lokacin. Don ƙarin bayani, duba gidan yanar gizon El Escorial - https://www.patrimonionacional.es/en.

Farashin kan shafin don Nuwamba Nuwamba 2019 ne.

Kwatanta farashin Masauki ta amfani da wannan Fom din

Amfani masu Amfani

Yayin shirin ziyartar gidan sufi, fada ko kabarin sarakuna a El Escorial (Spain), saurari shawarwarin masu zuwa:

Ma'aikatan ma'aikatar ba sa jin Turanci da kyau, saboda haka dole ne ku yi duk tambayoyinku a cikin Mutanen Espanya.
Jakunkuna, jakunkuna da sauran abubuwa masu girma ya kamata a bar su a cikin akwatina na musamman, kulle-kulle, suna aiki bisa ƙa'idar aikin kai. Kudin 1 €.

Ba a yarda da ɗaukar hoto a cikin harabar ba - masu gadi da yawa suna kallon wannan a hankali.
Baƙi da suka zo gidan sufi ta hanyar nasu ko jigilar hayar na iya barin shi a cikin filin ajiye motocin da aka biya a ƙofar.
Kuma wasu karin kalmomi game da jagorar mai jiwuwa: a tsorace, mai karbar sakon ya zabi yawon bude ido na mintina 120. A lokaci guda, babu wanda ya ƙayyade cewa akwai tsayayyen sigar da za ta ɗauki tsawon awa ɗaya.
Amma ba haka bane! Don yin hayar jagorar odiyo, wanda aka yi shi a cikin nau'i na kwamfutar hannu mai dauke da kunn kunne guda 1, ma'aikatan kabarin suna buƙatar fasfo ko katin kuɗi azaman ajiya, abubuwan da ba su da kyau a ba su a hannun da ba daidai ba. Gabaɗaya, ya fi kyau kada ku yi rikici da shi.
Don tafiya, zaɓi takalma masu daɗi sosai - zaku yi tafiya a nan da yawa, ƙari, sama da ƙasa.
Akwai jagororin mai jiwuwa, amma ba su da wayewa kuma suna da damuwa cewa ya fi kyau a yi ba tare da su ba. Idan kawai kuna son kallon ɗayan manyan abubuwan jan hankali na Madrid, har ma don koyon abubuwa da yawa masu ban sha'awa game da rayuwar sarakunan gari, shiga cikin yawon shakatawa masu yawon shakatawa. Wannan shawarar tana da goyan bayan gaskiyar cewa yawancin abubuwan da ake gabatarwa an bayyana su a cikin Spanish.

A kan yankin El Escorial hadaddun (Spain) akwai shagunan tsaraba da yawa waɗanda zaku iya siyan kyawawan abubuwa masu ban sha'awa.
Don ɗanɗano don ci, sauka zuwa gidan cin abinci na gidan sufi. Sun ce suna ba da abinci mai daɗi a can. Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka 3 don kwasa-kwasan farko da na biyu da za a zaɓa daga, kuma an riga an haɗa ruwa da ruwan inabi a cikin farashin oda. A matsayin mafaka ta karshe, zauna don shakatawa a cikin babban filin shakatawa wanda ya shimfida bayan kabarin.