Weimar a cikin Jamus - garin mawaƙa da mawaƙa

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Weimar, Jamus tsohuwar gari ce a tsakiyar ƙasar. Shekaru aru aru an san shi da cibiyar tattalin arziki, siyasa da al'adu na ƙananan hukumomi da filaye na Jamusawa. An gano shafin mafi ban tsoro a tarihinta a cikin 1937 - an kafa sansanin tattara Buchenwald anan.

Janar bayani

Garin Weimar, wanda bayansa aka sanya duk tsawon tarihin daga 1919 zuwa 1933. (Weimar Republic), wanda ke cikin Thuringia (tsakiyar ƙasar). Yawan ta shine mutane dubu 65. Birnin ya mamaye yanki na 84 sq. km, an kasu zuwa gundumomi 12.

Yana ɗaya daga cikin tsoffin birane masu kyau a cikin Jamus. Misali, a yankin kudu na Weimar, masana kimiyya sun gano alamun Neanderthals.

Shekaru aru aru, ana ɗaukar Weimar a matsayin babban birnin siyasa, tattalin arziki da al'adu na ƙananan hukumomin da ya mallaka. A tsakiyar karni na 18, garin ya zama cibiyar Haskakawa a cikin Jamus (galibi godiya ga Friedrich Nietzsche). A farkon ƙarni na 20, Weimar ya zama babban birnin Thuringia, kuma tare da zuwan Nazism, an ƙirƙiri sansanin tattara Buchenwald a nan.

Abubuwan gani

Tunawa da Buchenwald

Buchenwald na ɗaya daga cikin manyan sansanonin tattara mutane a cikin Jamus, wanda, a cikin ƙididdiga daban-daban, tsakanin mutane 50,000 zuwa 150,000 suka mutu. A yau, akwai abin tunawa a shafin tsohuwar sansanin, wanda ya kunshi:

Bunkers Wannan gini ne wanda a ciki akwai ɗakunan tsare tsare, inda waɗanda aka shirya su kashe rayukansu a cikin weeksan makwanni masu zuwa suna zaune. Yanzu babban ɓangaren baje kolin gidan kayan gargajiya yana nan.
Hasumiyar Tsaro. A halin yanzu, ana aiwatar da aikin gyarawa a ciki.
Tashar jirgin ƙasa da dandamali. Wannan shine matattarar yamma a kan taswirar abin tunawa. Fursunonin da ke sansanin za su zo nan, kuma daga nan suka tura majiyyata da mafiya hadari (a cewar ‘yan Nazi) zuwa wasu sansanonin mutuwa.
Hanyoyi zuwa makabarta. Wannan ɓangaren sansanin na wani lokaci ne na gaba - daga 1945 zuwa 1950. na kungiyar Red Army ne, kuma su kansu Nazis an riga an ƙunshe su anan.
Gine-gine na ofishin kwamanda. Yanzu yana da gidan kayan gargajiya, kuma yana ɗaukar baje kolin hotuna.
Aviaries don beyar. Wannan kadan kenan daga gidan namun dajin da ake da shi a baya, wanda fursunonin yaki suka gina shi ga masu kula da sansanin da kuma mazauna yankin da za su iya shiga sansanin.
Farantin tunawa. Carasashen asalin waɗanda aka kashe a Buchenwald an sassaka su a kanta. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa yawan zafin jiki na murhu koyaushe shine + 37 C - wannan shine zafin jikin ɗan adam.

Sansanin sansanin. Aananan gini ne a arewacin abin tunawa inda fursunoni zasu sayi taba ko sutura. Yanzu akwai baje kolin hoto.
Gidan konewa gini ne wanda ba a bayyana shi ba amma mafi ban tsoro a kowane sansanin taro. Baya ga murhu, a nan za ku ga dubunnan allunan tunawa daga dangin fursunonin da aka kashe da takaddun asali da yawa.

Baya ga gine-ginen da ke sama, akwai wasu gine-gine da yawa a yankin tsohon sansanin tattara Buchenwald, galibinsu kusan sun lalace gaba ɗaya.

Kasance cikin shiri domin konewar kona yana kunshe da nune-nunen abubuwa masu ban tsoro wadanda ba kowa ke iya kallan su ba (guntun fatar mutum tare da jarfa, busassun kawunan mutane, gashin fursunoni da kayan aiki ").

Wuri: Yankin Buchenwald, 99427 Weimar, Thuringia.
Awanni na budewa: 10.00 - 18.00.

Duchess Anne Amalia Library

Ginin ɗakin karatu na Duchess Anna Amalia yana ɗayan tsoffin abubuwan jan hankali a Weimar, wanda aka sake ginawa a cikin 1691.

Fiye da shekaru 300, littattafai sama da miliyan 1 da ɗaruruwan sauran kayan tarihi (zane-zane, abubuwa na ciki, matattakala masu ban mamaki) sun taru a nan, amma a cikin 2004 wata wuta mai ƙarfi ta tashi a cikin laburaren, wanda ya lalata yawancin littattafan littattafai na musamman kuma ya canza bayyanar yawancin ɗakunan.

Gyara aikin, wanda hukumomi suka ware sama da fam miliyan 12, an kammala shi a shekarar 2007, amma har yanzu ana ci gaba da jin illar gobarar. Misali, maaikatan jan hankalin basu cika buga littattafan da aka adana anan ba. Kwararrun masanan kuma suna sayen kofe-kofen fitattun littattafai daga masu sayar da littattafan hannu na biyu.

A cikin ɗakin karatu na Anna Amalia, dole ne ku:

Ziyarci dakin Karatun Rococo. Wannan shine mafi shaharar kuma mafi kyawun dakin a cikin laburare kuma har yanzu ana amfani dashi don manufar sa. Duk wanda yake so ya biya euro 8 zai iya zuwa nan ya karanta littafi ko kuma kawai ya ji daɗin yanayin zamanin da. Ba mutane sama da 300 zasu iya kasancewa a cikin ɗakin karatu lokaci guda. Mazauna yankin suna ba da shawara su zo nan da 9 na safe - a wannan lokacin mutane kalilan ne.
Bincika tarin tarin rubuce rubuce da litattafai, gami da tarin ayyukan William Shakespeare wanda aka fara tun karni na 18.
Sha'awa da tarin zane-zanen shahararrun mashahuran Turai.

Bayani mai amfani:

Wuri: Platz der Demokratie 1, 99423 Weimar, Jamus.
Lokacin aiki: 9.00 - 18.00.
Kudin: Yuro 8.

Babban filin birni (Markt)

Babban filin shine zuciyar Tsohon gari. Anan ga manyan abubuwan tarihi na Weimar a cikin Jamus:

Ma'aikatar magajin gari;
tsohon otal din Giwa;
kasuwar manoma na gida inda, ban da sabbin kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itace, zaku iya siyan furanni da sana'o'in hannu;
"Gidajen Gingerbread" tare da gidajen shakatawa, gidajen abinci da kuma cibiyar yawon bude ido;
shagunan kayan tarihi inda zaka sayi kayan zaki na Jamusawa na gargajiya (pretzels, gingerbread, strudel), haka kuma katunan gida masu dauke da hoton garin Weimar na kasar ta Jamus.

Hakanan a cikin Disamba, ana gudanar da Kasuwar Kirsimeti a nan, inda za ku ɗanɗana soyayyen sausages, ruwan inabi da giya na Jamusawa.

Wuri: Markt Platz, Weimar, Jamus.

Gidan Tarihi na Kasa na Goethe

Goethe yana ɗaya daga cikin shahararrun mazauna garin Weimar a cikin Jamus a duk tarihinta. An haifi mawaƙin Bajamushe a shekara ta 1749, kuma an sayi gidan, wanda yanzu yake da gidan kayan gargajiya da aka sa masa suna, a cikin 1794.

Abin sha'awa, duk da yaƙe-yaƙe da juyi-juyi, an adana gidan Goethe cikin cikakken yanayi, kuma duk abubuwan da aka gabatar (littattafai, jita-jita, kayan ciki, tufafi) waɗanda aka ajiye a cikin gidan kayan tarihin na gaske ne. Lokacin ziyartar wannan wurin, kula da:

dakin karatun Goethe, wanda ya kunshi tarin tarin wallafe-wallafe na musamman wadanda suka fara tun karni na 18-19, da kuma tarin wakoki da mawakin da kansa;
karamin falo mai dadi wanda a ciki Goethe da matarsa suka karbi baƙi;
zaure;
zauren rawaya;
karusa;
karamin fili kusa da gidan.

Matafiya waɗanda suka ziyarci Gidan Tarihi na Goethe suna kiranta ɗayan mafi kyawu a Weimar. Da suke magana game da rashin fa'idar abubuwan gani, sun lura da rashin jagororin odiyo da littattafan jagora a cikin Jamusanci da Ingilishi, da kuma hoto da aka biya (euro 3).

Wuri: Frauenplan 1, 99423 Weimar, Thuringia.
Lokacin buɗewa: 9.30 - 16.00 (Janairu - Maris, Oktoba - Disamba), 9.30 - 18.00 (wasu watanni).
Kudin: Yuro 12 don manya, 8.50 don tsofaffi, 3.50 don ɗalibai da shigar da kyauta ga yara 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 16.

Cocin Waliyyan Bitrus da Paul (Stadtkirche St. Peter da Paul)

Cocin Waliyyan Peter da Paul na ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan jan hankali na addini a Weimar. Tun daga tsakiyar karni na 16, haikalin ya kasance na Furotesta ne.

A yau, ba a gudanar da ayyuka a nan ba, amma ana tsammanin masu yawon bude ido. An shawarci matafiya da suka riga suka ziyarci cocin su kula da:

Bagadi. Wannan shine mafi darajar kuma sanannen ɓangaren haikalin. Da fari dai, an ƙirƙira shi a cikin 1580s, kuma na biyu, Lucas Cranach ne ya zana shi da kansa, mazaunin girmamawa na Weimar.
Filayen Cocin Saints Peter da Paul sune mafi girma a Weimar kuma ana iya ganin su daga ko'ina cikin garin. Godiya ga wannan, kullun yakan zama alama ce ta masu yawon buɗe ido.

Abin sha'awa, ana kiran wannan alamar Weimar "Herderkirche". Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa shahararren masanin falsafar nan na Jamus Herder ya yi aiki kuma ya zauna a nan tsawon shekaru.

Wuri: Herderplatz 8, Weimar.
Lokacin buɗewa: 11.00 - 12.00, 14.00 - 16.00 (kowace rana).

Park an der Ilm

Park an der Ilm, mai suna bayan kogin Ilm, wanda yake a kansa, shi ne mafi girma da tsufa a Weimar. Sarki Charles ne ya kayar da shi a ƙarni na 17. Ga masu yawon bude ido, Filin shakatawa na Ilmsky yana da ban sha'awa ba ma don tarin tsirrai na musamman da shekarunsa ba, amma saboda gaskiyar cewa akwai abubuwan jan hankali da yawa a kan yankin ta:

Gidan Goethe, wanda mawaƙi ke son shakatawa a lokutan zafi;
gidan-gidan kayan gargajiya na Franz Liszt, inda mawaƙin ya rayu sama da shekaru 20;
Gidan Roman (wannan shine farkon kayan gargajiya a Thuringia);
abin tunawa ga jaruman ayyukan W. Shakespeare.

Idan baku kasance babban mai son ganin abubuwan tarihi ba, yana da kyau ku zo wurin shakatawa. Misali, zaku iya yin fikinik anan, ko kawai kuyi yawon shakatawa da yamma.

Wuri: Illmstrasse, Weimar.

Inda zan zauna

A cikin Weimar akwai sama da otal-otal da otal-otal fiye da 220. Akwai ma ƙarin gidaje - game da zaɓin masauki na 260.

Hotelakin otel 3 * na mutum biyu a babban yanayi zai biya yuro 65 - 90 kowace rana, wanda shine tsari mafi girman ƙasa fiye da yawancin biranen Jamusawa makwabta. Matsayin mai ƙa'ida, wannan farashin ya haɗa da kyakkyawan karin kumallo, fili mai faɗi wanda ke kallon ɓangaren tarihin garin da Wi-Fi kyauta a cikin otal ɗin.

Idan zaɓi tare da otal bai dace ba, ya kamata ku kula da gidajen. Kudin gidan daukar hoto na mutum biyu a babban yanayi shine Yuro 30-50 kowace rana (farashin ya dogara da wuri da sauran halaye). Farashin ya hada da duk kayan aikin da ake bukata a cikin gidan, kayan masarufi da kuma tallafi-dare daga mai gidan.

Haɗin jigilar kaya

Weimar tana tsakiyar Jamus, saboda haka yana da sauƙin isa daga kowane babban birni. Manyan garuruwa mafi kusa: Erfurt (25 kilomita), Leipzig (129 km), Dresden (198 km), Nuremberg (243 km), Hannover (268 km), Berlin (284 km).

Weimar tana da nata tashar jirgin kasa da kuma tashar bas, inda jiragen kasa sama da 100 da motocin bas 70 suke zuwa kullun.

Daga Berlin

Zai fi kyau zuwa Weimar daga babban birnin Jamus ta jirgin ƙasa, wanda ke gudana kowane awa 3. Lokacin tafiya zai kasance awanni 2 na mintina 20. Kudaden da aka kiyasta - Yuro 35. Ana shiga jirgi a tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Berlin.

Daga Leipzig

Samun zuwa Weimar daga Leipzig kuma ya fi kyau ta hanyar jirgin ƙasa. Jirgin Ice (daga tashar Munchen) yana gudana kowane awa 2. Lokacin tafiya shine awa 1 minti 10. Farashin tikitin yakai euro 15-20. Saukowa yana gudana a tashar Leipzig Hauptbahnhof.

Farashin kan shafin don Yuli 2019 ne.

Kwatanta farashin Masauki ta amfani da wannan Fom din

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa

Daga cikin 'yan ƙasar da mazauna garin na girmamawa a Weimar akwai shahararrun mawaƙan Bajamushe Johann Sebastian Bach da Franz Liszt, da mawaƙan Johann Wolfrang von Goethe da Friedrich Schiller, masanin falsafa Friedrich Nietzsche.
A cikin karni na 19, an yi sabon kiren kare a Weimar - Muhimmin Kare na Weimar.

Jamhuriyar Weimar galibi ana kiranta lokacin tarihi daga 1919 zuwa 1933. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa a Weimar aka amince da sabon kundin tsarin mulkin.
Har zuwa shekara ta 1944, a kan yankin tsohon sansanin taro na Buchenwald, wata babbar itacen oak ta tsiro, wanda har yanzu ake kira "itacen Goethe", saboda mawaƙin (kuma ya rayu daga 1749 zuwa 1832) sau da yawa yakan zo wannan tudun don yaba yanayin gida.
Ginin ɗakin karatu na Anna Amalia ana kiransa "Gidan Fure", saboda ƙarnuka an zana shi kawai a cikin kore.