Dokokin kiyaye Orchid na Cattleya a gida: tabbatar da kyakkyawar kulawa da rigakafin cututtuka

Blooming Cattleya nunin wasan wuta ne, bikin Carnival na Brazil da tango na Argentina! Cattleya orchid ita ce sarauniya, wannan kyakkyawar furen an ba ta wannan take. Wannan shine mafi shaharar orchid na duk dangin ta da yawa.

Akwai nau'ikan 1000 na waɗannan orchids. Dukansu a cikin namun daji, da nau'ikan kiwo masu girma sun mamaye dukkan launuka masu ban mamaki da ƙanshin Duniya. Gaskiya, hakika, fure ce ta aljanna! Za ku koyi yadda za ku kula da shi a cikin wannan labarin.

Bayanin furanni

Cattleya tsarikan tsirrai ne na dangin Orchid, akwai nau'ikan sama da 40 a yanayi. Cattleya kuma na epiphytes ne da lithophytes, wanda ke nufin cewa tana son ƙwarin dutse, duwatsu, duwatsu, bishiyar bishiyoyi, inda tushenta - tanti - haɗe da girma daidai. Yana jure wa yankin dumi mai daɗi sosai. Homelandasarta ita ce Ajantina, Meziko. Paraguay, Brazil.

HANKALI: Cattleya alama ce ta tsari, ma'ana, yana girma a faɗi, kuma ana kiyaye tsofaffin harbe har ma da sabbin shiga. Saboda haka, yayin fure pseudobulbs na iya zama har zuwa 10. Kowane peduncle yana da furanni 3 - 4. Furen suna da girma - 12 - 15 cm.

Furanni na iya zama mafi kyawun launi:

• fari;
• lilac;
• orange-launin ruwan kasa;
• baki.

Karkatar Cattleya an gajertashi, al'ada ce a kira shi pseudobulba... Tushen danshi ne da sauran sinadarai wadanda suke taruwa yayin girma. Yana da ganye 1-3, lambar su ta bambanta dangane da shekaru da yanayin rayuwa. A yanayi, furannin Cattleya sun fi na ɗanɗano irin na manya girma. Kusan dukkan nau'ikan Cattleya suna da ƙamshi tare da kyawawan ɗabi'u masu ƙamshi.

Suna furewa mafi yawa a cikin kaka ko hunturu na tsawon wata guda, kuma yana faruwa cewa pseudobulbs suna yin fure bi da bi, sannan furen ya fi tsayi.

Tarihin asali

Cattleya ya bayyana a cikin Turai a cikin karni na 19 kuma nan da nan ya ƙaunaci kyawawan masu sha'awar kyawawan fure. Cattleya ta gaji sunanta ne daga mai lambu kuma mai son shuke-shuke, William Catley. Shi ne ya ƙirƙiri irin wannan abin al'ajabin - ya girma furen sihiri a cikin greenhouse.

Bambanci

Cattleya ya bambanta da cewa baya son fure da gaske, har ma da ƙwararrun masu noman furanni suna aiki na dogon lokaci don orchid ya ba da kyawawan furanni. Sirrinta shine cewa kawai orchid na manya zai iya fure kuma kawai lokacin da ya sami isasshen ƙarfi. Don haka sai a yi haƙuri!

Furannin wannan nau'in suna kallon ta musamman. Lebe yana da siffa da launi daban-daban, yana kama da walƙiya, tartsatsin wuta, don haka ya bambanta kuma ba zai yiwu ba dangane da duk wasu furannin fure.

Raba nau'ikan da hotuna

Mafi mashahuri da shahararrun nau'ikan:

Singleaya daga ciki

An kira shi da manyan furanni. Yellowungiyoyi masu launin rawaya mai haske na 4 kuma wasu lokuta furanni 5 suna haɗuwa a kan ƙafa ɗaya, suna da kamshi sosai, fasalin fentin yana ɗan juyawa, jan launi a ƙasa, a gindin ɗan lemu mai ɗan kaɗan mai laushi shine riga-gaba. An yiwa ainihin alama tare da maɓallin farin wanda yayi kama da bugun mai fasaha. Irin wannan fure mai ban sha'awa da fara'a! Pseudobulbs na Cattleya guda ɗaya masu girma, tsayayye, 15 cm tsayi... Har ila yau, ganyayyaki suna da girma, mai yawa, masu ƙarfi, suna iya zuwa 30 cm.

Bicolor

Yana girma har zuwa 50 -60 cm. Furannin suna da girma, har zuwa cm 10. Yana yin furanni a kaka da hunturu. Furannin suna da banbanci, ja-kasa-kasa, lebe mai shunayya, iyaka da kintinkiri mai haske, yana ƙonewa da haske mai haske. Irin wannan mai haske, da ƙarfin bayyana mutum ba tare da son ransa ya tsaya ba. Ganyayyaki sun isa, tsayi, kore mai haske.

Fari

Yana da matukar rare matasan iri-iri. An samo wannan nau'in ta hanyar tsallake fararen siffofin... Ganyayyaki suna da yawa, kore mai haske. Furenta na furanni yana murzawa sosai, kuma launinta mai fararen dusar ƙanƙara yayi kama da kirim mai iska - iska, mai daɗi, mai kamshi. Fure mai ban sha'awa!

Lokacin fure

Wannan orchid yana da ci gaban cyclical wanda ya haɗa da lokacin girma, furanni da dormancy. Furewar waɗannan orchids na faruwa ne dangane da nau'in. Kyawawan Cattleya na iya yin fure a kowane lokaci na shekara. Idan kun haɗa ƙarin haske tare da phytolamps, zai iya ba ku launinsa ko da a lokacin hunturu.

Ga yawancin Cattleyas, furanni yana da alaƙa da tsawon yini.... Misali, Cattleya mai hawa guda daya zai fara fure ne kawai bayan ya kwashe makonni da dama a cikin gajeren yanayin hasken rana, bai wuce awanni 10 a rana ba.

Bishiyoyi biyu masu ƙyalli, a gefe guda, suna fure ne kawai tare da awanni masu tsayi na rana.

Fasali:

MUHIMMANCI: Kafin flowering - lokacin girma da aiki daga Afrilu zuwa Satumba, watan orchid yana buƙatar abun ciki mai ɗumi tare da zafin jiki na 20 - 22 ° С a rana, da dare - bai ƙasa da 17 ° lower.

Lokacin hutun Cattleya yana farawa daga Oktoba zuwa Maris... A wannan lokacin, yanayin zafin rana mafi kyau shine 16-18 ° C, kuma zafin daren baya ƙasa da 10 ° C. A kowane lokaci na shekara, ana buƙatar zafin jiki ya sauka zuwa 5-7 ° C don ci gaban al'ada.

Imarfafawa

Shi wajibi ne don ta da flowering. Dangane da shawarar masu noman fure, ya zama dole a tabbatar da bambancin zafin jiki tsakanin dare da rana, tare da banbancin 5 ° C. A ƙarshen bazara da kaka, wannan na faruwa da kanta.

Kulawar gida

Zaɓin wurin zama

Furen ana iya girma akan windows mai haske ko kuma a lambun hunturu, haka kuma a cikin fure, inda damshin iska yafi dacewa dasu.

Kuna iya shuka Cattleya a gida akan windows windows... Windows, zai fi dacewa, suna fuskantar gabas ko kudu maso yamma. Wurin arewa sam bai dace da wannan kyakkyawar mai son zafi ba, zai yi sanyi a can, kuma da alama ba zaku jira furanni ba.

Ana shirya ƙasa da tukunya

Abun matattara yana da kyawawa don kunshi kanana da matsakaiciyar haushi da gansakuka - sphagnum, wanda zaka iya hada pebbles, tsakuwa, gawayi. Yana da matukar mahimmanci cewa gurbin waɗannan orchids ya bushe sosai.

1. Kafin yin shuki, yana da kyau a wanke bawon, a jika shi tsawon kwanaki 2-3 domin ya zama mai cikakken danshi. Sannan a sake kurkura ruwa mai tsafta.
2. Styara styrofoam, gansakuka, gauraya. A substrate a shirye don amfani!
3. Zuba tsakuwa ko ɓaɓɓaka a ƙasan tukunyar, 2 cm.
4. Sanya manyan ɓawon baƙi ko kumfa a saman.
5. Yayyafa asalinsu da matsakaiciyar sassanya, da ƙananan a tsakiya da saman.
6. Zaku iya ƙara ɗan perlite don kiyaye danshi a cikin tukunyar.

Tukwanen Cattleya na iya zama kowane... Zaka iya amfani da filastik mai haske.

Amma bisa ga shawarar masana, tukwanen yumbu masu sauƙi sun dace da mafi kyawun numfashi. Tushen ya yi daidai a saman m tukunyar.

Zazzabi

A ranakun zafi mai zafi, orchid bai kamata ya cika zafi ba:

• Idan ganyen suna da zafi ko da dumi - suna buƙatar sanyaya, shafa ganyen da ruwa a zafin jiki da zafin iska.
• Don masu ɗawainiyar kafa da girma, yawan zafin jiki dole ne ya kasance 16 - 19 ° C.
• Don kyakkyawan furanni, yana da kyawawa cewa bambanci tsakanin yanayin dare da rana shine 5 - 7 ° C.

Zafi

Tashin iska ya zama kusan 60% a lokacin haɓaka. Ina so a lura da hakan zamani orchid hybrids ba su da damuwa game da danshi... Amma suna son yin sanyi a cikin zafi. A lokacin dumi, ana sanya su a cikin kwandunan da aka cika da ruwa. Sannan suna sakin tushen iska, suna jin daɗin danshi da rashin sabo.

Hasken wuta

Cattleyas suna da son rana sosai. Godiya ga rana, suna girma sosai. An fi so a ajiye su a kan tagogin kudu ko na gabas, yayin da suke saurin girma da sabbin harbe-harbe, wanda, bi da bi, shima ya fara fure. Haske mai yaduwa mai mahimmanci yana da mahimmanci a gare su, kamar na orchids da yawa, suna buƙatar wuraren inuwa.

A lokacin rani, orchids suna samun ƙarfin rana, pseudobulbs suna haɓaka, kuma zuwa kaka ana rufe su. Kuma idan rana ta ragu, rana takan fara bayyana kasa da kasa, budurwowin da zasu zo nan gaba sun yi girma a cikin murfin.

Idan ganyayyaki suka zama rawaya, to kuna buƙatar inuwar windows, akwai haske da yawa. Idan ganye yayi duhu, to haske, akasin haka, bai isa ba. Lafiya ganyen Cattleya ya zama kore mai haske... Idan haskakawa mai kyau ce, to Cattleya za ta yi fure sosai kuma suna haskakawa.

Shayarwa

Ya kamata a yi shayar bayan an bushe substrate din. A lokacin hutawa, kuna buƙatar shayar da ruwa kawai don kada masu pseudobulbs su yi laushi.

Lokacin da orchid baiyi girma ba, a zahiri baya buƙatar ruwa, kawai ba zai cinye shi ba.

Kamar yadda muka riga muka gani, Cattleyas manyan masoyan danshi ne... A lokacin rani, kuna buƙatar shayar da orchid a yalwace, tabbatar cewa substrate ɗin bai bushe ba. Yi hankali, ruwan bai kamata ya hau kan ganyayyaki da harbe ba, ruwa ne kawai substrate.

Lokacin da Cattleya ke hutawa, masu motsa jiki sun yi girma, sun yi duhu, yanayin zafin iska ya sauka, to dole ne a rage danshi. Zai fi kyau kada a sha ruwa, amma a fesa ƙasa. Ruwa yana daɗa ƙarfi lokacin da ƙwanƙwasawa ya haɓaka kuma ya yi girma, amma ba za ku iya cika furen ba. Kafin shayarwa, tilas ne a sanya iska a bushe.

A cikin yanayi mai dumi, zaku iya yin wanka tare da ruwan dumi don Cattleya, amma ba sau da yawa sau ɗaya a wata. Bayan wanka ko fesawa, kuna buƙatar shafa ganyen bushe, in ba haka ba aiƙun ruwan kasa na iya bayyana akan su. Lokaci-lokaci ya zama dole a kurkure da kwayar, ya isa ayi haka sau daya a wata - daya da rabi.

Kalli bidiyo game da ka'idojin shayar da Cattleya:

Top miya

Top dressing yafi kyau ayi kowane sati 2 kamin fure, lokacinda ake samun cigaban pseudobulb. Ba a ciyar da Orchids yayin furanni.... A lokacin hutun, shima ba lallai bane a sanya fure, ba ta buƙata ba. Kuna ma iya cutar!

TAMBAYA: Sake sabunta ƙarin abinci mai gina jiki lokacin da murfin ya buɗe kuma farjin ya fara yin kyau.

Canja wurin

Akwai irin wannan fasalin a tsakanin Bakan gizo Cattleis - da gaske ba sa son sakewa.... Sannan sun dawo cikin hayyacinsu na dogon lokaci, sabawa da sabbin yanayi yawanci abu ne mai wahala. Koda anyi amfani da hanya mai ma'ana.

1. Wajibi ne ayi dasawa kawai lokacin da abun yayi kawanya, ya zama mai yawa, saiwan sun girma sosai, sun fara sassaka tukunyar, sabbin pseudobulbs suna rugawa ta hanyoyi daban-daban, kuma tsofaffi ne kawai suka rage cikin tukunyar.
2. Zai fi kyau dasawa lokacin da sabon harbi ya girma zuwa 3 cm.
3. Mun rarraba dukkan fure zuwa sassa - 5 pseudobulbs a kowane.
4. Mun ayyana kowane irin wannan ɓangaren a cikin tukunya don ya zama ɓangaren girma na rhizome wanda yake kusa da tsakiyar tukunyar.

Kalli bidiyo game da ingantaccen dashen Cattleya:

Hanyoyin haifuwa

Ba mu sake haifuwa fiye da sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 4. Wannan hanya yawanci ana haɗa ta da dasawa kafin sabbin jijiyoyi su fara bayyana. Hanyar kiwo Cattleya - rarraba daji.

Ana yin aikin a hankali kuma koyaushe:

1. A hankali cire orchid daga tukunyar tare da matattarar.
2. Saka fure tare da tushen a ƙasa a cikin kwandon ruwa don jiƙa tsawon 30 - 40 minti.
3. Muna kwance tushen orchid don kada su lalace, ana iya yin aikin cikin ruwa.
4. Kurkura tushen sosai, tsabtace su daga asalin da suka mutu.
5. Yayyafa yanka da kirfa ko gawayi gawayi.
6. Aika a bushe a wuri mai dumi.
7. Sa'annan mu kasu kashi-kashi, kowanne yakamata ya sami jakunkunan rubutu guda 3-4 tare da koda mai rai da kuma tushen lafiya.
8. Yana da kyau ayi bakararre da kayan kidan don gujewa kamuwa da cutuka.
9. Muna shuka ne bisa ka'idoji iri ɗaya yayin da muke dasawa (duba sama).

Cututtuka da kwari

Shuka mai saukin kamuwa da kowace irin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta, da cututtuka. Abokan gaba mafi haɗari na orchid:

• Naman gwari a cikin haushi, a kan ganyayyaki... Kila iya buƙatar canzawa. Yi amfani da feshi na maganin phytosporin ko wani magani na antifungal. Wajibi ne a sha maganin daidai gwargwado, tunda maganin, idan aka sha shi ba daidai ba, zai shafi tsarin tushen gaba ɗaya.
• Mizanin gizo-gizo - makiyin dukkan orchids, yana ninkawa da sauri kuma kusan yana cin tsiron. Don kwarin gizo-gizo da sauran kwari, masana suna ba da shawara nan da nan bayan gano matsala don yayyafa orchid da mafita ta musamman ko jiƙa shi tare da tushen a cikin maganin kashe kwari na mintina 15 da keɓewa (aƙalla wata ɗaya).
• Bambanci iri-iri... Wannan yana nufin cewa yanayin zafi ya wuce kima, kuna buƙatar rage jinkirin shayarwa. Musamman a lokacin rani, ruɓa da sauri yana shafar tushen da ganyen orchid; a cikin fewan kwanaki kaɗan, zaku iya rasa fure. Idan kaga tushen ruɓewar, a hankali yanke komai da wuka. An ba da shawarar yayyafa da kirfa da man shafawa tare da tushe.

Rigakafin

Dole ne a ɗauki matakan kariya masu zuwa a kai a kai:

1. Orswararrun masu tattarawa sun ba da shawarar kula da fure tare da mahaɗan sunadarai na musamman, misali, Zircon tare da acid mai ruwan sanyi, tun da farko yayi nazarin komai bisa ga umarnin.
2. Da zaran kun lura cewa ganyayyaki sun zama rawaya, kuna buƙatar raunana shayar, rage laima a cikin iska, da cire tukunyar a wurare masu inuwa.
3. Idan ganyayyaki suka fara zubewa, to babu wadatar danshi, kuma yanayin zafin sama yayi yawa ga orchid. Shayar da ita, shafa ganyen da ruwan dumi, shayar da ita, ba mata hasken da ya dace.
4. Idan ganye ya ruɓe - tabbatacciyar alamar kulawa mara kyau. Tabbatar cewa ganyen ba ya jike, kuma idan sun jike, ana buƙatar shafa su bushe da adiko na goge baki.
5. Ganyayyaki suna bushewa, sun yi duhu - wadatar da asalinsu, kawai suna rashin ruwa.

Kammalawa

Cattleya hutu ce, hayaniya da hauka irin ta launuka, raye-raye, nishaɗi da yanayi mai kyau. Bakin ciki, rashin damuwa sun daidaita a cikin gidanku, kuma kuzari ya ragu zuwa sifili? Fara fara kiwo wadannan kyawawan orchids nan da nan, kuma rayuwa tabbas zata cika da launuka bakan gizo, muhimman abubuwan da suka faru da kuma bincikensu!

Kalli bidiyon: Quick and Easy Cattleya Repotting Tutorial!! (Yuni 2024).