Menene ƙananan matasan petunia? Bayaninsu da siffofinsu

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Petunias suna da kyau a ɗauka suna da mashahuri tare da masu lambu, suna da haske sosai kuma basu da ma'ana don kulawa.

Ana iya ganin su a cikin zane daban-daban: a kan gadon filawa, a baranda, kuma ana iya amfani da su don yin ado da shirayin gida.

Suna faranta ido tare da kwalliyar kwalliya na dukkan launuka na bakan gizo daga farkon dumi zuwa ƙarshen kaka.

Bari mu ga abin da yake - petunia hybrids? Menene su kuma waɗanne cututtuka ne ke damun su?

Bayanin tsirrai da tarihin asali

Homelandasar Petunia ana ɗaukarta a matsayin yankuna masu zafi na Kudancin Amurka da Brazil. An fara gano shi sama da ƙarni biyu da suka gabata. Da farko dai, an danganta shi ga jinsi na Tabakov, saboda sunan yana fassara azaman "taba". Petunia ko Petunia na cikin jinsin halittar shuke-shuke, shuke-shuke. Yana faruwa duk tsawon lokaci da shekara-shekara.

Zuwa yau akwai fiye da nau'in 40 na wannan kyakkyawar shuka... A dabi'a, akwai saƙa da furanni mai kama da daji, waɗanda tushe daga cikinsu suna rarrafe ko madaidaiciya. Yana da adadi mai yawa na ovary, wanda kan lokaci yana samar da furanni, mai santsi ko ninki biyu, galibi tare da warin halin mara kyau.

Iri iri-iri da sifofinsu

A yau rarrabuwa ya hada da adadi mai yawa na nau'ikan petunia.

Siffar halayyar sabbin nau'ikan matasan shine bambancin surar shuke-shuke, tsayin ta da kuma bayyanar furen kanta, haka kuma a launinsa.

Petunia za a iya raba shi zuwa gida iri biyu: masu yawa-da yawa da kuma manyan furanni. Nau'in farko yana cike da ƙananan furanni masu launi mai launi, amma na biyu yana da tsari mafi wuya, amma manyan furanni (kara karantawa game da ƙaramar fulawar petunia a nan). Ana shuka furanni masu furanni da yawa a cikin gadajen filawa, a gidajen rani, kuma ana shuka manya-manyan furanni a cikin kwandunan filawa da tukwane don ado, tunda irin wannan petunia tana da rauni sosai a ƙarƙashin yanayi na musamman. Lokacin saukar ruwan sama, sukan boye dakin. Karanta game da yin ado da kyawawan furannin furanni a cikin lambun ko yadi a cikin wannan labarin.

'Lokacin farko'

Perennial shuka, ke tsiro matsakaici. Masu noman fure suna amfani dashi azaman shekara-shekara. Yana da furanni masu haske a cikin tabarau daban-daban daga fari zuwa ja. Petals suna da duhu duhu. Ya kai tsayi har zuwa 90 santimita.

'Picotee'

Blooms daga bazara zuwa kaka. Launi mai ban sha'awa tare da farin da jan baki... Furen da kansa yana da siffa irin na mazurari. Ganye mai ɗorewa, yana da siffar daji har zuwa santimita 30, tare da ganyen oval. Girma a matsayin tsire-tsire na shekara-shekara.

'Aladdin'

Perennial, yana da nau'i na bushy, saƙa. An yi amfani dashi azaman shekara-shekara. Zai iya zama launuka iri-iri, daga kifin kifi har zuwa furannin burgundy. Ganyayyaki suna da siffar oval.

'Mirage Karammiski'

Curly, bushy perennial. Girma a matsayin shekara-shekara. Ganyayyaki masu duhu ne masu duhu tare da sifa mai siffa. Lokacin fure shine daga bazara zuwa kaka. Launi gamut da aka mai da hankali a cikin ja... Furen yana da siffa mai kamar mazurai da babban gabobi.

'Kafet'

Saurin girma mai ɗorewa, fasalin curly. Launin launi ya bambanta.

'Mayar da hankali'

Fure mai faffadan hannu, launuka iri-iri. Ganye suna da oval. Shekara-shekara.

Terry

Halin sifa shi ne cewa fure yana da fiye da guda 5... Suna da kyau musamman lokacin da gefunan petals suka sami fasalin buɗe ido da velvety. Wannan nau'ikan ya hada da kayan kwalliya iri iri, iri-iri na daji, halittu masu ban sha'awa. Launi na terry petunia na iya zama mai ƙarfi, kamar yadda yake da ƙazanta a cikin yanayin jijiyoyi da haɗuwa.

Babban rashin fa'ida na wannan cakuda petunia shine rashin kwanciyar hankali ga yanayin yanayi mara kyau. Gaurayawan fure masu zuwa waɗanda suke cikin wannan rukunin suna shahara ga masu lambu:

Kyawawan farko.
Tart Bonanza.
Blue Danube.
Sonata.
Algefiillter Zwerg (Allgefiillter Zwerg).
Fanfare.
Soyayya.
Biyu Cascade.
Duo.
Pirouette.
Mai zane.
Labarin soyayya.

Kuna iya samun cikakkun bayanai game da terry petunia da sifofin kula da wannan kyakkyawar anan.

Cascade

Cascading petunias suna kama da ƙungiyar ampel. Sun yi kauri, maimakon sassauƙa harbe-harbe. Wani fasali na musamman shine matasa shuke-shuke da harbe sama... Amma da shigewar lokaci, tushensu ya fara ratayewa kuma suka ɗauki kamannin juji. Furen yana da siffar babban mazurari. Mafi shahararrun nau'ikan cascading petunias sun hada da:

"Guguwa F1".
La Gioconda F1.
"Burgundy F1".
"Ramblin"

Munyi magana dalla dalla game da cascade petunia anan, da yadda ya bambanta da na ampelous wanda zaku koya a wannan kayan.

Mai sauki

Babban rukuni, wanda ya haɗa da petunias tare da sauƙi, tsarin inflorescence na yau da kullun. Ya haɗa da shuke-shuke, tsayi da ƙananan tsiro. Furen yana da tsari irin na zamani, ya kunshi fentin guda 5, bakin zai iya zama madaidaiciya ko kuma ya karkace. Launi mai launi ya bambanta, yana iya zama monochromatic kuma ba kawai ba... Kuna iya koyo game da launuka iri daban-daban na petunias a cikin wannan labarin.

Bambance-bambancen petunia shine cewa ba abu ne na musamman ba don kulawa kuma yana da abokantaka ga furanni da shuke-shuke da ke kusa da shi. Ana iya dasa shi cikin aminci a gadaje na fure kuma ƙirƙirar abubuwan haɗuwa na fure da abubuwan haɗuwa tare da sa hannu. Ana iya yin shuki tare da tsirrai da iri.

Tana son haske mai kyau sosai, don haka kafin dasa shuki yana da daraja la'akari da wurin da hasken rana yake shiga sosai. Idan kun dasa petunia a cikin hanyar shukoki, to yakamata ku kiyaye sosai lokacin shayar da ita. Ainihin, wannan shine ruwan ban ruwa ko kuma shayarwa gaba ɗaya a tushen.

Amma yi hankali, ba ta son yawan danshi, akasin haka, yana da matukar tsayayya ga fari. Idan aka tsara ba da ruwa ba bisa ka'ida ba, ganyenta zai fara bushewa ya fadi, lokaci mafi dacewa don shayarwa shine yamma... A rana, shuka na iya samun kunar rana a jiki.

Bukatun ƙasa

An dasa Petunia a cikin gadajen filawa, a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, a cikin kwandunan furanni, da dai sauransu. Ba son zuciya bane ga yanayin ƙasa, amma yanayin da ya dace don wanzuwa shine ƙasa mai cike da sinadarin nitrogen. An cire manyan kayan ado daga humus, tunda yana da saukin kamuwa da cututtukan fungal.

Don dasa shuki a cikin kwandunan filawa da kwanduna rataye, shirya abubuwan ƙasa masu zuwa: hada ɓangarorin 2 na ƙasa mai daɗi, humus, peat kuma ƙara ɓangare 1 na yashi. Cikakken tsarin tushen da sauri yana haƙuri da lokacin daidaitawa. Ya kamata saukarwa ya kasance bayan yanayin sanyi mai sanyi.

Haske da wuri

Mafi kyawun wuri don zama don petunias shine wuri mai rana, mara iska... Yana son ɗumi sosai, ya daina fure tare da farkon mummunan yanayi. Wurin wanzuwar sa na iya zama daban-daban! Masu shuka rani ana shuka su ne a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa da gadaje na furanni.Haka kuma yana girma a cikin kwandunan furanni da tukwane rataye. Lokuta da yawa zaka same shi yana girma a baranda, yana rataye a cikin akwati daga facades na gidaje. Kuna iya samun zaɓuɓɓukan zane masu ban sha'awa don kyawawan furannin furanni anan.

Kulawa

Yadda ake kula da petunia kai tsaye ya dogara da inda yake girma. Idan an dasa shi a cikin tukunya, to dole ne a yi la'akari da girmansa, tun da tsarin doki yana girma da sauri. Hakanan ya kamata ku kula da abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasa kuma ku yi hankali don kada ta kamu da kowane irin cututtukan fungal. Kuma tabbas, dole ne tukunyar fure ta kasance tana da ramin magudanar ruwa - waɗannan sune mahimman halaye na rayuwar fure.

Wurin ya kamata ya kasance a bangaren kudu, a bangaren arewa ba zai faranta maka rai da yalwar furanni ba. A mummunan yanayi da ruwan sama, zai fi kyau a cire shi daga sararin buɗe ido.

Hankali! Don yawan furanni, ciyarwa na yau da kullun ya zama dole, daidai sau ɗaya a mako. A cikin girma, petunia yana buƙatar potassium da phosphorus.

Idan petunia yayi girma a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, to kafin dasa shi, ya zama dole a shirya ƙasa bisa ga abun da ke sama, bayan shayar da shi. Shi, ba kamar waɗanda suke girma a cikin ɗakunan filawa ba, suna buƙatar ciyarwa mafi ƙarancin gaske, tare da wajibcin abun ciki na potassium. Ba ya son weeds.

Cututtuka da kwari

Cututtuka

Ruwan toka

Ana iya gano wannan cuta ta halayenta. Waɗannan sune launin ruwan kasa masu rufe ganye. Sannu a hankali suna bushewa kuma suna lulluɓe da fulawa. Kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa ta cikin ƙasa wanda naman gwari ke yawo.

Farin fure

Kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa daga ƙasa zuwa sama, yana shafar dukkan tsiron a tsawon lokaci.Halin halayyar shine farin fure mai rufe ganyen fure.

Blackleg

Duhu da lalacewar kara a kusa da tushen tsarin. Ganye ya zama rawaya, yankin da abin ya shafa ya rube.

Ciwon kwari

Babban kwari na petunia, kamar sauran shuke-shuke masu ado, ana ɗaukarsu masu ɗauke ne, mites gizo-gizo, da masu cin abinci.

Aphid

Mafi yawan abokan gaba ga dukkan tsire-tsire. Yana rufe furar da kanta da kuma ganye tare da digo na raɓa mai daɗi. Bayan wani lokaci, naman gwari kan samar wa wuraren da abin ya shafa. Yankunan da suka kamu da cutar sun juya cikin bututu.

Mizanin gizo-gizo

Garken kwari - mites sun bayyana a cikin cikin ganyayyaki. Suna kirkirar yanar gizo mai tsini tare da dukkanin tushe na tushe da ganye. Spotsananan wurare suna bayyana a wajen tsire-tsire. Ba da daɗewa ba ganyen suka fara bushewa kuma suka fado.

Tsawon lokaci

A cikin bayyanar, suna kama da ƙananan kwari masu duhu masu duhu, tare da hanci mai tsayi. Suna "aiki" ne kawai cikin ƙungiyoyi kuma kawai akan ganye. Bayan ziyartar su, ganyen ya zama busasshe, ratsi mai haske. Wayoyi da furanni sun fara zubewa.

Sake haifuwa

Akwai hanyoyi guda uku don sake haifar da wannan kyakkyawa:

tsaba;
tsirrai;
ta hanyar yankan.

Ana shuka tsaba a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa ba tare da yayyafa ƙasa ba. Shirye-shiryen shuki sun shiga cikin ƙasa. Yankan shekarar da ta gabata waɗanda suka huta, suka dasa a ƙasa, sun sake yin furanni.

Matsaloli da ka iya faruwa

Mahimmanci! Don kauce wa matsaloli da cikakken jin daɗin kyan petunia, ya zama tilas a tsunkule. Wannan tsarin zai taimaka wajan zana bishiyar ka daidai kuma da kyau.

Pinching shine tsunkule na tsakiyar toho don haɓaka, don haɓaka harbe a kaikaice.

An yi la'akari da Petunia daidai da kyawawan lambuna da gadajen furanni. Tana samun farin jini a hanzari, kuma wannan abin fahimta ne, saboda tana haskaka kyakkyawa kuma tana bamu yanayi mai kyau.

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