Tushen ganyen fure ko yadda ake shuka violet a tukunya daga tsaba?

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Kuna iya siyan Saintpaulias kuma kuyi wa gidanku kwalliya da su, ko kuma kuyi girma da kanku. Akwai wani abu na musamman a cikin wannan, wannan ji daɗin lokacin da kuka fara jin mallakar wannan kyakkyawa, lokacin da duk ƙoƙari da kulawa da aka ba da aikin suka cushe ta hanyar wani sakamako na zahiri na zahiri - tsire-tsire mai ƙarfi da daidaituwa da ke tsirowa don farin cikinmu.

Ana shuka violet a cikin tukunya daga ganyaye da iri. Kara karantawa game da waɗannan hanyoyin a cikin wannan labarin. Hakanan kalli bidiyo mai taimako akan batun.

Wace tukunya ce za ayi amfani da ita?

Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine kwantena filastik. Dalilin wannan zaɓin shi ne cewa ƙasa tana riƙe da danshi tsawon lokaci a cikin tukunyar filastik fiye da ta yumbu, da ƙananan ganyen tsire-tsire, wanda, saboda yanayin haɓakar tasu, kusan suna kwance a gefunan tukunyar, suna da saurin fashewa kuma wannan yana haifar da mummunan duhu a saman lakar ...
Idan, duk da haka, da gaske kuna son shuka violets a cikin kayan ƙasa, kuna iya yin ɓoye a ƙarƙashin halo na ƙananan ganyen sisal ko zaren kwakwa, wani ɓangaren raffia kuma ya dace. Wajibi ne a yanke kewaya, kimanin santimita fiye da diamita na tukunya, sannan kuma yanke tsakiyar matattarar, ɗaya da rabi fiye da girbin "gungun" na violet. Don sanya kayan kwalliyar suyi kyau sosai, yana da kyau a zabi launi wanda yake daidai da launin tukunyar, ko sautin zuwa sautin.
Violet yana jin daɗi a cikin tukunya; ya fi sau uku ƙasa da diamita na rosette. Yayin da diamita na rosette ke ƙaruwa, ya kamata a ƙara faɗin tukunyar kuma.
Akwai irin wannan fasalin anan cewa Saintpaulia ya fara furewa mara kyau idan tukunyar ta fi centimita goma a diamita. Sabili da haka, idan violet ta girma, to ya fi kyau a yi aikin sabuntawa ta cire manyan ganye.
Lokacin amfani da tsohuwar tukunya, kurkura shi kuma ku kashe shi.
Dole ne ya zama akwai ramuka a ƙasan don magudanar danshi mai yawa.

Kalli bidiyo akan zabar tukunyar violet da ta dace:

Girma Saintpaulia daga tsaba

Samun violet daga tsaba aiki ne mai cin lokaci wanda ke buƙatar kulawa da haƙuri., amma wannan farin ciki na musamman da ya taso don samun sakamakon ya cancanci duk ƙoƙari da lokacin da aka ɓata.

An saya su a cikin shaguna na musamman ko ta hanyar kan layi. Amma idan akwai sha'awar shiga cikin dukkan tsarin ƙirƙirar sabuwar Saintpaulia, to zai zama da ma'ana a yi ƙyalli da hannuwanku kuma cire kayan iri. Wani fa'idar noman iri na Saintpaulia shine zaka iya samun sabon nau'in launi da fasalin ganye da furanni. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar yin pollination ta amfani da pistil da pollen daga stamens daga nau'ikan nau'ikan violet (karanta game da waɗanne iri da nau'ikan violets suke nan).

TAMBAYA: Mafi kyawun zabin yaduwar iri shine sabo.

Lokaci mai kyau don shuka ana la'akari da shi daga watan Agusta zuwa Oktoba.... Idan an sayi tsaba a cikin hunturu, to ana bada shawarar yin shuka a cikin Fabrairu-Afrilu. Amma akwai nau'ikan da ke rasa damar yin dasa idan an shuka su a wani lokaci mara kyau, alal misali, violet mai kamshi tana fitowa ne kawai daga shuka kaka.

Pollination da hakar

Yi amfani da ɗan goge baki don matsar da furen daga stamen zuwa pistil.
Bayan mafi ƙarancin mako, kuma aƙalla kwanaki goma, idan komai ya tafi daidai, ƙwai ya kamata ya samar.
Tsaba ta nuna a cikin kwai, ko kuma yadda ake kiranta, akwatin matattara, watanni shida ko a tsakanin watanni bakwai. A lokacin da ya isa cikakke, kwalin ya bushe. Idan ya bushe gaba daya, sai su yanke furen tare da kwayayen sannan su barshi cikin duhu daga kwana goma zuwa rabin wata.
Bayan haka, ana warwatse tsaba a kan farar takarda, suna buɗe akwatin kwai da allura da hanzaki.

Ina shuka?

Akwatin filastik na yau da kullun shine mafi dacewa don shuka shuke-shuke.... Kuna iya siyan ganga ta musamman don shukoki, ko kuna iya, don adana kuɗi, yi amfani da kwandon da za'a yar da shi don samfuran.

Yawancin lokaci ɗauka sanannen sanannen ƙasa "Violet". Amma zaka iya hada tukunya da hannunka:

DIY girke-girke. Leafy (sassa 3), peat (sassan 2), turf (kashi 1) da ƙasa coniferous (kashi 1) an haɗasu. Sanya wani abu don sassautawa (nikakken sphagnum, perlite ko vermiculite). Coaramin gawayi ba zai ji ciwo ba.
Wani zaɓi shine ɗaukar ɗayan ɓangaren coniferous da sod, ƙara ɓangare ɗaya na peat da markadadden sphagnum, haɗuwa tare da wasu ɓangarorin ɓangaren ƙasa mai ganye da rabi na yashi. Gabatar da karamin gawayi zai yi aiki ne a matsayin mayya kuma a lokaci guda a matsayin taki, tunda yana dauke da K, Ca da F, yayin da carbon ke aiki a matsayin sinadarin antibacterial.
Mafi girke-girke na ƙasa. Sandara yashi da peat zuwa ƙasar lambun, a cikin rabo na 4: 1: 1. Ana ɗaukar ƙasa ta lambu daga gadajen da ciyawar ciyawar ta girma, kuma mafi kyawun zaɓi shine ƙasa daga tarin duwatsu, wanda ke da ƙwaryar hatsi mafi kyau, ba kwa ma buƙatar satar shi. Peat, duk da haka, ya fi kyau a hau kan doki, ba shi da ɗan baƙi fiye da ƙasa da kwance. Kowane bangare ana narkar da shi, ana 'yanta shi daga gutsutsuren tsire-tsire, don haka bazuwar su ba ta hana haɓakar tsiro ba.

HANKALI: Gabaɗaya, babu kyakkyawan makirci don yin ƙasa ga Saintpaulias. Mafi yawan ya dogara da wane irin ingancin abubuwanda aka haɗu zasu kasance da waɗancan kaddarorin da suke dasu. Daban-daban masana'antun suna da nasu nuances, akwai kuma ƙari da ƙananan abubuwa masu tsada.

Abu mafi mahimmanci, cakuda ƙasa don violets ya zama na matsakaicin abun mai, sako-sako da nau'in... Yana da mahimmanci ya sha ruwan danshi da kyau, kuma digon sassaucin ya ba shi damar samun iska mai kyau. Asa mai ƙarfi da nauyi, tushen asalin Saintpaulias kawai ba zai iya ƙwarewa ba. Kuna iya bambanta rabon sassan, cimma waɗannan mahimman sigogi na cakuda ƙasa.

Kafin dasa shuki, ana kashe ƙasa ta hanyar tururi, daskarewa ko tare da taimakon shirye-shirye na musamman, alal misali, mafita daga tushe. Don guje wa gurɓatar fungal tabbas, zaku iya ƙurar tsaba tare da fungicidal foda. Wannan gaskiyane yayin da ake amfani da abubuwanda aka haƙo kai.

Ba zai zama mai yawa ba don amfani da murƙushe sphagnum azaman wakili mai kwance ƙasa... Baya ga sassauta kaddarorin, wannan bangaren kuma yana da tasirin maganin antiseptik, kasancewarsa abu ne mai hana yaduwar abubuwa, yana tsayayya da kayan gwari da cututtuka, kuma yana kara karfin yanayin cakuda.

Kalli bidiyo game da shirya wani abu don violets:

Shuka tsaba da kula da shuka

Na farko, moisten da sassauta kasar gona.
Sannan a zuba ƙasa mai santimita uku a cikin kwandon kuma a daidaita shi sauƙaƙe ba tare da danna ƙasa ba.
Bugu da ari, ba zurfin rami mai zurfi ake yi ba.
Tsaba a cikin sassan daidai suna haɗe da yashi.
An zuba cakuda a cikin tsagi a cikin maɗaura.
Ba a rufe akwatin a rufe tare da murfin m ko na roba.
Sanya shi cikin wuri mai haske.
Germination ya fi kyau a cikin haske, don haka yayyafa tsaba da ƙasa bai yi ba.
Yanayin zafin jiki: da farko, ana sanya kwantenan a cikin wuri mai sanyi, digiri 12-18, kuma lokacin da harbe-harbe na farko suka bayyana, ana juyar da tsirrai zuwa wuri mai dumi, digiri 18-22.
Ana buƙata don kula da matsakaiciyar ƙanshin abun ciki na substrate, ba tare da yawan danshi ba. Don yin wannan, ana fesa ƙasa akai-akai ta amfani da bindiga mai feshi.

Ana sa ran fararen farko na violet su bayyana a cikin kwanaki ashirin.... Amma wasu nau'in wannan fure na iya toho har zuwa watanni biyu.

Da zarar tsiron ya zama rabin santimita kuma ganyen farko ya bayyana, kuna buƙatar nutsar da tsire-tsire.
Saboda wannan, ana haƙa tsire-tsire ta amfani da ɗan goge baki kuma an dasa ta a nesa na 1.5-2 cm cikin cakuda ƙasa tare da ƙarin takin mai da gawayi.
Lokacin da yaran suka girma kuma suka fara tsoma baki tare, yakamata ku sake yin nutsewa, sanya su a cikin kofunan filastik ko cikin kwantena da yawa, don haka akwai tazarar santimita biyar zuwa bakwai tsakanin tsirrai. Cupsauki 100 g kofuna, an ɗauke akwatin daga zurfin da ya dace. A wannan matakin, tushen Saintpaulias ya zama mai ƙarfi.
Hakanan akwai irin wannan zaɓi na nutsewa - suna jiran ganye uku kuma bayan haka suna zaune kai tsaye a nesa da kusan santimita 7, suna yin nutso sau ɗaya kawai.

Ana shuka violets ta wannan hanyar har zuwa watan Agusta-Satumba, idan har an shuka iri a ƙarshen bazara ko farkon kaka. Lokacin da violet ɗin suka girma, suna samun ganye da ƙarfi, suna ci gaba zuwa matakin ƙarshe - suna zaune a cikin tukwane. Ya zama cewa dukkan ayyukan daga asalin iri zuwa tsire-tsire masu zaman kansu suna ɗaukar kimanin shekara guda. Launi na farko na Saintpaulia, wanda aka shuka ta iri, yana bayarwa a cikin shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa.

Kula da violet seedling ne mai sauki - matsakaici a cikin watering da kuma m m loosening, koto tare da wani hadadden taki na wani ma'adinai da nau'i a cikin hanyar bayani, 10 g da lita 3 na ruwa.

Kalli bidiyo game da girma violets daga tsaba:

Nuances na kulawa

Violets suna son haske, amma hasken rana kai tsaye basu da kyau.
Suna son danshi, amma suna tsoron zane da sanyi, basa son canjin yanayin.
Rashin ruwan sha mai sanyi da shigar ruwa a jikin ganyayyaki ba abune karbabbe ba.
Yawan danshi zai kashe shuka.
Saintpaulia na son nitrogen, yana girma sosai kuma yana fure tare da rashin sa.
Ana ciyar da karin abinci tare da takin mai ma'adinai, kowane kwana 14.
Dadi zafi 50%.
Kada ku bari ganyen ya taɓa gilashin.
Yana buƙatar cirewa na yau da kullun na furanni masu mutuwa da ganye tare da lalacewa.
Ana aiwatar da ruwa yayin da kasar ta bushe.
Lokacin da ake dasa shuka a cikin wata tukunya daban, ya zama dole a cika magudanan ruwa na perlite, gansakuka ko kananan kumbura mai yumbu (koya game da ka'idojin dasa shuki a nan).
Yana da mahimmanci a tsaya ga zurfin ganiya. Leavesananan ganye ya kamata su kasance a saman saman ƙasan ƙasa, kuma mahimmin ci gaba ya zama daidai. Ginin da aka binne ya girma da talauci kuma yana iya ruɓewa, yayin da babban violet ya zama mai banƙyama, yana da furanni mai matsala (game da dalilin da yasa violet ba zata yi fure ba da yadda za a jure ta, karanta a nan).

Kuna iya gano ƙarin nuances game da kula da violets a gida a cikin wannan kayan.

Girma daga ganye

Saintpaulia yawanci ana yada shi ne da ganye.... Yanke su daga tsiron da kuke so. Wannan ita ce hanya mafi sauki kuma mafi inganci. Lokaci mafi dacewa da dacewa don haifuwa da violet tare da ganye shine lokacin bazara da lokacin bazara, lokacin da za'a iya girma sosai ba tare da ƙoƙari mai yawa ba.

Zaɓin ganye yana da mahimmanci, nasarar duk taron ya dogara da wannan:

Ganyen kada ya kasance mai ciwo ko mai rauni, tunda shukar ma ba za ta iya cin nasara a nan gaba ba.
Sheetaramar takarda ba za ta yi aiki ba.
Ganye daga ƙaramin bene, wanda yake kusa da ƙasa, ba kyawawa bane, ƙwayoyin cuta sau da yawa sukan yi gida a can, kuma ganyayyakin da kansu galibi tsoho ne kuma masu rauni.
Ganye mai roba mai launi na al'ada da girman shi ya dace, yankan daga tiers na uku da na biyu sun fi dacewa.
Yana da mahimmanci a shayar da tsire a kai a kai kafin ɗaukar yankan.

Doguwar hanya da rashin ingantaccen shayar uwar daka tana da mummunan tasiri akan ganyen shukar... Don ramawa ga waɗannan lokutan matsala, jim kaɗan kafin dasa shuki, zaku iya sa ganyen a cikin ruwan dumi na ɗan wani lokaci, tare da ƙara ƙari na potassium permanganate, har sai ya ɗan yi launin hoda. Lokacin da aka dawo da kullun, dole ne a gyara shi, ya bar santimita 3-4 daga tushe.

Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu na kayar ganyen violet - rooting a cikin ruwa da ƙasa.

Yadda ake Tushen ruwa?

Fa'idodin hanyar sune cewa yana yiwuwa a kiyaye asalinsu, gargaɗi kan lokaci game da lamuran lalacewa da ƙayyade lokacin dasa shuki a wuri na dindindin:

Kuna buƙatar ƙaramin kofin gilashi ko gilashin magani mai duhu don rage adadin tarkacen algal a cikin ruwa.
Yana buƙatar wanka da haifuwa da ruwan zãfi.
Cika da ruwan da aka zazzage ko ruwan da aka dafa.
Takaddun yana buƙatar zurfafawa cikin kumfa ta ɗaya da rabi zuwa santimita biyu. Yankan bai kamata ya taɓa ganuwar da rana ba, sabili da haka, gyara shi tare da murfi tare da rami da aka sanya a tsakiya.
Don microalgae, zaku iya sanya carbon mai aiki a cikin ruwa, kwamfutar hannu ɗaya.
Yakamata a kula da matakin ruwa, tunda takardar za ta shanye shi da kuma ƙafewa, ƙara ruwa a kan kari.

Tushen an kafa shi ne a cikin wasu makonni biyu, ko ma a cikin wata daya, ya dogara da nau'ikan Saintpaulia. Lokacin da ruɓe ya bayyana, ana fitar da ganyen, an cire busassun wuraren da suka lalace... Ana fure sassan tare da kunna carbon foda.

Kalli bidiyo game da kafe ganyen violet a cikin ruwa:

Yaushe ne lokacin shuka a cikin ƙasa kuma yaya ake yinta?

An girma a cikin tabarau na filastik ko a cikin ƙananan tukwane tare da ramuka don lambatu da ruwa mai yawa:

Sulusin tukunya ko gilashi an rufe shi da nau'in magudanan ruwa masu kyau.
Sa'annan aka shirya, aka sassauta kuma kasar gona mai danshi zuwa saman.
An gabatar da ƙanƙani cikin zurfin ƙasa.
A kusa da sandar, ana dunƙule ƙasa sosai don kada ta juya gefe ɗaya kuma kar ta faɗi.
Suna yin karamin-greenhouse, suna kwance akwatin tare da ganyen violet tare da jakar filastik. Ana buƙata lokaci-lokaci don iska ta iska don kada ƙasa ta zama taƙama.
Ana buƙatar ƙaramin yaro har sai yara sun bayyana. Wannan tabbataccen mai nuna alama ne cewa tsarin girma daga ganye ya zama gaskiya.
Yara suna zaune a cikin tukwane daban-daban.

Sauran nuances na kulawa, ƙasar tukunya, da sauransu, basu bambanta da waɗanda aka bayyana a sama ba a cikin ɓangaren yaduwar iri.

Cikakkun bayanai game da rabuwar yara

'Ya'ya mata-rosettes sun bayyana kusa da tushen yankan... An rarraba su bisa ka'idodi masu zuwa:

akalla 'yan ganye ga kowane tsiro;
karamin tushe ga kowane mutum;
don sanya rabuwa ta zama mafi rauni, kuna buƙatar danshi ƙasa, kuma cire yankan tare da ƙasa.

Yadda ake tushen cikin ƙasa?

MUHIMMANCI: An yi imani da cewa ta wannan hanyar shukar ke samun saiwa da sauri, akwai ƙarancin haɗarin ruɓuwa, kuma yawancin jarirai suna bayyana.

Kuna buƙatar ƙasa ta musamman tare da foda mai burodi, an sayar da ita azaman cakuda na musamman. A sauƙaƙe zaku iya haɗuwa da vermiculite da perlite a cikin daidaito daidai ba tare da ƙara ƙasa mai gina jiki ba. Perlite yana taimaka iska ta shiga cikin tushen, kuma vermiculite yana shayar danshi.

A hankali karya sandar, motsa shi daga tsiron.
Yanke kafa a hankali ko a kusurwar dama.
Sannan tsoma cikin ruwan hoda mai ɗan kaɗan na Magrantzovka na dakika uku.
Bar bushe don rabin sa'a.
Na gaba, an rufe kofin filastik tare da cakuda mai dan kadan.
Ana shigar da kafar ganye a cikin kasa kuma a matse ta yadda kar ta fadi gefe daya.
Yi mini-greenhouse bisa ga hanyar da ke sama.
A ranar shuka, ba ruwa.
Da farko, ganyen zai bushe, wannan al'ada ce. Lokacin da tushen farko ya bayyana, za a sake dawo da ganyen ganyen. Ana yin ruwa kowane kwana bakwai, matsakaiciya.
Kada ku yi takin, saboda wannan lamarin zai haifar da ganye da saiwoyinsa cikin sauri don neman abinci.

Kalli bidiyo game da kafe ganyen violet a cikin ƙasa:

Matsaloli da ka iya faruwa

Idan Saintpaulia ba shi da ma'ana cikin kulawa, to dangane da cututtukan yana da matsala... Shuke-shuken yana da tushe mai tushe, saboda haka yana da matukar damuwa ga ta'adi na nau'ikan kwari iri-iri. Cututtukan fungal da suka fi yaduwa sune futowar fure, busasshen ƙarshen bushewa, fusarium mai haɗari, lalacewar toka da tsatsa.
Dalilai na yau da kullun sune rashin haske ko fuskantar rana kai tsaye, wuce gona da iri ko rashin abinci mai gina jiki, canjin yanayin zafin jiki, zayyana da sanyi, yawan ruwa da yawa, tukunya da yawa. Ana iya samun ƙarin nuances game da waɗannan da sauran raunin fure da hanyoyin magance su a cikin wannan labarin.

Maganin fure

Da wuya a cire farin allo a kan ganyayyaki. Yana ƙaddara zuwa fure mai laushi Babban zafi da yanayin sanyi suna taimakawa ga wannan. Ana kula da Saintpaulia tare da shirye-shiryen canzawa na byteleton, topaz da saproli... Kuna iya ƙurar ganye tare da farar ƙul, to a taƙaice ku rufe Saintpaulia da jakar filastik.

Idaramar ƙarshen ɓarna

Late bugun baya ya tarwatsa saman mai tushe, yana ba da launin ruwan kasa. Ganyen ya fara zubewa, gangar jikin ta fallasa. Wannan aikin naman gwari yana ratsawa ta cikin wuraren da abin ya shafa cikin tushen.

Yana da mahimmanci don fara magani a cikin lokaci, in ba haka ba saintpaulia zai mutu da wuri-wuri. Dole ne a cire violet daga tukunyar kuma a cire ɓangarorin da abin ya shafa na tushen tsarin. Su launin ruwan kasa ne.

Idan naman gwari ya cinye tushen duka, bar yankan kawai kuma bi umarnin don tushen ganyen a cikin ruwa. Auki sabuwar ƙasa da tukunya don dasa yankan.

Fusarium mai haɗari

Naman gwari da ke cutar da violet a wannan yanayin ana kiransa fusarium. Ganye petioles da kuma tushen rot. Kwayoyin halittun suna fara juye launin ruwan kasa, kuma saiwar tayi duhu kuma ta rabu da kasar gona. A matsayin magani da rigakafin, zaka iya shayar da tsire tare da fundozol. An cire busassun sassan ƙasa da rubabben tushe.

Dalilan dai galibi na yanayin fasaha ne - babban tukunya, saukad da zazzabi, shayarwar sanyi, ƙasa mai nauyi.

Ruwan toka

Fure mai laushi, cikin launuka masu launin ruwan kasa-toka akan furanni da ganye - wannan shine naman gwari Botrytis... Zai iya ninka cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma ya lalata Saintpaulia.

Yawancin lokaci, kamuwa da cuta yana faruwa ne daga gutsuren tsire-tsire a cikin ƙasa, ana iya samun spores a cikin kowane irin ƙasa, kamuwa da cuta na faruwa cikin sauri. Sabili da haka, bai kamata ku yi watsi da cututtukan ƙasa ba.

Ana cire sassan launin ruwan kasa, ana shafa wuraren da abin ya shafa da fatar fungicide. An dasa shukar cikin sabuwar ƙasa da tukunya.

Abubuwan da ke haifar da kamuwa da cuta sune yawan ban ruwa da zafin jiki.

Tsatsa

Masu kirkirar sune fungi mai tsatsa. Rawanin ruwan hoda-ruwan kasa yana bayyana a bangarorin biyu na ganye. Babban zafi da shigar ruwa akan ganyayyaki yayin shayarwa suna haifar da yanayi mai kyau don girkin spores.

Sharaɗi akan ganye ba koyaushe alama ce ta wannan cuta ba.... Suna iya bayyana lokacin da akwai ƙarancin haske, ciyarwa sama-sama, daga zayyana ko hasken rana kai tsaye.

Kammalawa

Kamar yadda suke faɗa, ba za ku iya fitar da kifi da sauƙi daga cikin kandami ba. Hakanan gaskiya ne game da dabbobin violet, domin don girma har ma da irin wannan tsire-tsire marasa fa'ida, zai ɗauki ƙoƙari kuma muna fatan cewa mun sami damar isar da ainihin yadda. Kuma ita, bi da bi, za ta gode da furanni, ta haifar da daɗi da yanayi mai kyau a cikin gida.

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