Dukkanin abin da aka haɗu da begonia: siffofin kiwo da nasihu don kulawa mai kyau
Begonia ana ɗauke da tsire-tsire wanda zai iya tsarkake microclimate na cikin gida daga ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa. Zai iya rage filayen maganadiso wanda kayan aikin lantarki ke samarwa, sauƙaƙa damuwa da haɓaka yanayin masu shi.
Idan kuna neman fure mai ƙoshin lafiya, bincika haɗin gwanon Begonia. Yana da kyakkyawar siffar ganye tare da jan jijiyoyi a bayanta.
Tarihin bayyana da kwatancin shuka
A tsakiyar karni na 19, an kawo bidonia mai hade daga Mexico mai nisa. Godiya ga zama a cikin gandun daji na wurare masu zafi na Amurka, bayyanar tsirrai na ban mamaki yana da alaƙa. Collar begonia ana ɗaukarsa tsire-tsire mai ɗorewa, tare da rhizome mai rarrafe mai kaurian rufe shi da m villi.
Ganyayyaki masu siffofi iri-iri akan yankan tsayi suna samar da shrub har zuwa mita a tsayi, wanda ke sa fure sananne idan aka kwatanta ta da ƙananan tsire-tsire. A sama, ganyen yana da kyau, asymmetric, har zuwa 45 cm a girma. Siffar tasu tana kama da ganyen inabi, tare da gefuna suna zubewa ƙasa. Ganye yana da jan kyallen a ƙasa.
A bayanin kula. Tsarin shuka na manya zai iya samarwa zuwa 5-6 inflorescences. Furannin ƙananan ne, launuka masu kalar ruwan hoda. Wannan jinsin ya kasance daga nau'in Royal Begonia.
Hoto
A ƙasa zaku iya ganin hoto na tsire-tsire na gida mai ban mamaki - collar begonias:
Saukowa
Kowace shekaru 4 begonia na buƙatar sabuntawa. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa furen ya rasa yadda yake, daji ya wargaje, ganye da inflorescences sun rage girma. A madadin tsohon yankan, an shuka sabon, a cikin ƙasa da aka shirya a baya. Yana da kyau a kula da kasancewar malalar ruwa a cikin tukunyar. Layer dole ne a kalla aƙalla 2 cm kauri.
Ana yin dashen ne a farkon bazara. Zai fi kyau a ɗauke tukunyar filawar da ɗan matsewa. Ana yin hakan ne don kada tsarin tushen ya bunkasa, amma ɓangaren ƙasa na shukar. Hakanan, rashin ƙarin sarari zai ba da izinin yawan ruwa ya zube da sauri.
Lura! Matsakaicin girman tukunya shine 9-10 cm a diamita. Wajibi ne don tabbatar da cewa tushen tsiron yana da girman cm 2-4 daga farfajiyar ƙasa.
Kasar gona
Shirya ƙasa kafin dasa fure. Bai kamata ya zama sanyi ba, amma ya fi zafin ɗaki kyau. An shawarci ƙasa don begonia da zaɓar sako-sako da, mai laushi, mai wadataccen ma'adanai, tare da pH tsaka tsaki. Irin wannan abun an kirkireshi ne ta hanyar cakuda daidai gwargwado na yashin kogi, peat, ƙasa mai laushi, yumbu.
Soilasar na iya ɗauke da bawon itacen pine, wanda ke ba da ƙasa kuma ya kwance shi. Fromasa daga gadaje ko peat mai tsabta ba ta dace ba. Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine siyan ƙasa mai shirye. Kafin dasa shuki, kowace ƙasa tana buƙatar dumi da ɗan danshi da ruwan dumi da aka zaunar.
Wuri da haske
Iri-iri na kayan kwalliyar begonias suna da wadataccen, launi mai launi wanda ke buƙatar haske mai ƙarfi. Tare da rashin haske, ganyayyaki sun zama kodadde da bushe. Amma hasken rana kai tsaye yana cutarwa ga begonias na masarauta. A lokacin rani, ya fi kyau inuwa rana, kuma sanya shuka a kan windows windows a gefen gabas da yamma. A lokacin faduwar, ya kamata a sake juyar da furen cikin gida zuwa gefen kudu.
Wurin da ya fi dacewa shine inuwa m. Hasken bai kamata ya dasa shukar ba kawai daga gefe ɗaya. A wannan yanayin, kambi na begonia zai kasance gefe ɗaya, yana karkata zuwa taga. Wannan ya zama sananne musamman lokacin da hasken rana da haɓakar fure suke ƙaruwa. Ka tuna juya tukunyar kowane mako.
Kulawar gida
A dabi'a, abin wuya begonia yana tsiro a yankuna masu zafi, inda yake da danshi da zafi. Shuka ba ta nema, amma yana da daraja a kula da wasu abubuwan nuances na kulawa.
- Tsarin mulkin zafin jiki mai kyau shine + 18 zuwa + 22 ° С, a lokacin sanyi ba ƙasa da + 16 ° С. Musayar iska na yau da kullun ya zama dole, amma kar a bar furen a cikin wani daftarin aiki. Canje-canjen yanayin zafin yanayi na iya shafar yanayin sa.
- Begonia ta fi son ɗakuna masu sanyi da iska mai ɗumi. Jerin laima na cikin gida daga 50-70%. Manyan ganyayyakin fure suna da muhimmin yanki na ƙarancin ruwa, yayin da tushen tsarin ba zai iya biyan diyyar danshi da ya ɓace ba. A cikin hunturu, kar a bar shuka akan windowsill. Tushen ba su da kwanciyar hankali daga taga mai sanyi, ba sa samun isasshen abinci. Kuma ganyen, akasin haka, sun bushe daga jigon ruwan rafi mai zuwa daga batura.
- Ya kamata a shayar da belar Collar begonia sau da yawa, sau 1-2 a mako. A lokacin zafi, zai fi kyau a sanya moisturize a kullun. Amma ka tabbata ka tabbatar da cewa ruwan ba ya daskarewa a cikin tukunyar, in ba haka ba saiwar jijiya na iya ruɓewa. Wasu lokuta suna ƙoƙari su biya danshi tare da wadataccen ruwa, wanda ba za a iya yi ba. Yi amfani da ruwa mai laushi kawai, zai fi dacewa aski, tare da ƙarin ruwan lemon. Kar a bar danshi ya hau kan ganyen. A cikin hunturu, shayarwa kadan ne.
- Begonia ya kamata a ciyar dashi a lokacin rani da bazara. Ana yin aikin sau ɗaya a mako, ya fi dacewa don zaɓar takin mai magani mai ma'ana. Don ci gaba mai aiki da ruwa mai laushi, cikakken launi, yana da kyau a yi amfani da suttunan saman tare da babban abun cikin nitrogen.
Mahimmanci! A lokacin hunturu, baku buƙatar ciyarwa, shukar tana hutawa.
- Kafin farawar yanayin ci gaban aiki, kusan watan Fabrairu-Maris, an tsinke tukwici game da begonias, ana nuna sabbin harbe-harbe zuwa rhizome. Ana yin wannan don ƙirƙirar kyakkyawan kambi, ƙara kuzari ga matasa don haɓaka.
Cututtuka na gama gari
Bishiyar bege, kamar sauran tsire-tsire na cikin gida, yana da saukin kamuwa da cuta. Babban dalili shine cin zarafin yanayin cikin gida daidai. Babban zafi, rashin samun iska na iya zama dalilan ci gaban cutar kumburin fure. Moisturearfin wuce gona da iri da tsarin ƙarancin zafin jiki ya sa ya yiwu wata cutar fungal ta bayyana - ruɓewar toka
Da farko, yana lalata tushen shukar, sannan ya bazu zuwa ganye da tushe. Ya cancanci magance irin waɗannan matsalolin tare da maganin fungicide. Kuma a nan gaba, a kai a kai dauki matakan m: loosening kasar gona, dace dace watering, samun iska, mafi kyau duka haske, dadi zafi da kuma yawan zafin jiki.
Kwari
Insectswarin kwari sun shiga gidan tare da ƙasa, furanni, 'ya'yan itacen da ba a wanke ba, kayan lambu. A lokacin rani, aphids sun kai hari begonia. Mizanin gizo-gizo yana jin daɗi a cikin busasshiyar iska. Ana yaƙi da kwari da kwayoyi "Doctor Foley", "Actellik".
A matsayin kariya daga mummunan kwari, yana da mahimmanci a goge ganyen begonia daga ƙura da datti tare da bushe zane. Duba tsire aƙalla sau 2 a wata. Idan ya lalace sosai ga furen, ana kula dashi da kayan kwari. Misali, magani "Aktara", tsarma 1 g kowace lita ta ruwa.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Ka'idojin asali na kiwo na begonia sune tsaba, yanka ko tushen tushe.
- Ana shuka tsaba a ƙarshen hunturu a cikin akwati tare da magudanun ruwa.
Zai fi kyau a rufe tukwane tare da tsire-tsire na gaba tare da gilashi. Yana da Dole a kiyaye su a cikin yanayin greenhouse. Bude akwati a kowace rana, cire sandaro daga gilashin, kada ƙasa ta bushe. Bayan makonni 2-3, harbe na farko sun bayyana. Ganyen farko zasu zama koren haske, amma bayan lokaci zasu sami launi daidai da nau'ikan.
- Hanyar kayan lambu.
Yana da mahimmanci don haifuwa ta dauki lafiyayyen mahaifi. Kuna iya sawa, ganye, ɓangaren ganye. Za a iya sanya ganyen da aka sare a cikin ruwa, ko sanya shi a cikin danshi mai datti.
Lura! Wajibi ne don ƙirƙirar tasirin greenhouse don tsire-tsire.
Sassan, waɗanda aka riga aka bi da su tare da ƙwayoyi don ƙarfafa haɓaka, kamar "Kornevin", "Zircon". Tare da bayyanar asalinsu, yakamata a dasa shuke-shuke matasa zuwa tukunya tare da wadatar ƙasa da ma'adinai don ci gaba da girma.
- Ana aiwatar da rabon rhizome a lokacin dasawa ko dasawa.
An dasa wani ɓangare na tushen a cikin cakuda ƙasa da aka shirya a baya. An bar akwati tare da kayan dasa a cikin ɗaki mai zafin jiki na + 20-24 ° C. Bayan sati biyu, harbe-harbe matasa zasu ƙyanƙyashe. An dasa su lafiya zuwa mazaunin dindindin
Idan baku da irin wannan tsire-tsire mai ban sha'awa da mahimmanci, ba tare da jinkiri ba, sayan shi. Bayan duk wannan, duk dabarun kulawa da kiwo yanzu an sansu. Collar Begonia tsire-tsire ne na shuke-shuke, na ado wanda zai iya shiga cikin kowane yanayi cikin sauki, kuma zai farantawa kowa rai da kyakkyawan kallo na gidan.