Asalin furen bakan gizo: daga ina orchid ya fito da yadda za'a kula dashi

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Wannan kyakkyawa ta cikin gida an haife ta ne a yankunan da ke yankin Kudancin Amurka (bisa ga almara, wani orchid ya fito daga “gutsurar bakan gizo”). Fiye da 90% na duk sanannun orchids an haife su a cikin waɗannan wadatattun ciyayi da gandun daji masu wadataccen danshi.

Tabbas, har yanzu ina bukatar in faɗi game da Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya - a nan ne sanannen orchid na Phalaenopsis ya bayyana. A cikin wannan labarin za mu gaya muku game da tarihin asali da kulawa na wannan kyakkyawan furen.

Asali: daga ina wannan furen yake fitowa kuma daga ina yake girma?

Shuke-shuke masu ban mamaki sun koyi daidaitawa da kyau zuwa yanayi daban-daban, saboda haka ana iya samun orchids a cikin yanayi ba kawai a cikin wurare masu zafi ba... A dabi'a, duk ya dogara da nau'in orchid. Masana kimiyya har ma sunyi nazarin ci gaban su ta yankuna masu yanayi:

Yankin farko ya hada da Kudancin Amurka, Amurka ta tsakiya, Ostiraliya, kudu maso gabashin Asiya da kuma wasu sassan bakin teku na Afirka.
MUHIMMANCI: Wato, wurare masu zafi suna da dumi da danshi, yanayin da ya shahara sosai da kowane irin orchids, amma mafi yawansu sune epiphytes.
Yanki na biyu ya hada da yankuna masu tsaunuka, watau duwatsun Indonesia, Malaysia, New Guinea, Brazil da Andes. Gangaren waɗannan tsaunuka an lulluɓe su da dazuzzuka masu faɗi, inda hazo ke kasancewa koyaushe (ko da rana mai zafi). Yanayin iska, ba shakka, ya ɗan yi ƙasa a nan fiye da na wurare masu zafi, amma yanayin zafi yana da ƙarfi sosai. Duk orchids galibi suna girma anan azaman epiphytes.
Yanki na uku ya haɗa da tudu da filani, alal misali, tudun ƙasar Brazil. Orchids a cikin wannan yankin ana iya samun sa kawai kusa da jikin ruwa, galibi nau'ikan ƙasa da ƙaramin ɓangaren epiphytes.
Yanki na huɗu ya haɗa da wasu yankuna na Arewacin Amurka, Turai da Asiya tare da yanayi mai yanayi. Hakanan ana samun Orchids a nan, amma nau'ikan ƙasa da ƙasa kaɗan.

Ara koyo game da orchid a cikin yanayi, yadda yake girma da yadda ya bambanta da gida, a cikin labarin daban.

Yaushe kuma ta yaya aka fara shuka shuka zuwa Turai?

A cikin Turai, sun saba da waɗannan furanni masu ban mamaki kusan tsakiyar karni na 18 - matafiya sun gano sabbin nahiyoyi kuma sunyi mamakin ganin shuke-shuke masu ban sha'awa. Akwai kyakkyawan labari game da yadda wani masanin botan a Ingila ya sami kyautar kunshin kunshi tare da busasshiyar, kusan busasshen samfurin orchid daga Bahamas. Ya dasa shi a cikin tukunya kuma abin al'ajabi ya faru - bayan ɗan lokaci shukar ta rayu kuma ta yi godiya tare da kyawawan furanni masu ruwan hoda, itaciya ce mai zafi. Tun daga wannan lokacin, sha'awar neman orchids ta fara.

Ta yaya ya samo asali?

Mutane sun kashe kuɗi da yawa don sayan akalla shuka guda ɗaya, ta haka yana tabbatar da matsayin su na dukiya. Amma, ga babban abin takaici, bai kasance da sauƙi a “hora” fure ba. Duk da kokarin samar da "aljanna mai zafi" a cikin gidajen su, ba a kiyaye shuka ta kowace hanya. Duk karnin da ya shude sai kawai daga karshe suka sami hanyar da ta dace - sun zabi madaidaicin zazzabi a cikin greenhouse kuma sun samar da kwararar iska mai kyau. Orchids suna cikin furanni (ƙarin koyo game da furannin orchid a nan). A daidai wannan lokacin (karni na 19), bukatar su ta karu sosai ta yadda aka tura balaguro na musamman zuwa cikin daji kuma ana fitar da furanni daga can da yawa. A wancan lokacin ba su san yadda ake shuka orchids daga tsaba ba (karanta game da hanyoyin haifuwa na orchids, gami da daga tsaba, a nan).

Tarihin bayyanar nau'ikan iri-iri

Orchid iri daban-daban (akwai sama da dubu 35 daga cikinsu)wannan kawai jagora tsakanin sauran shuke-shuke. Abin mamaki, kowace shekara kuma yanzu suna ci gaba da gano sabbin nau'in a cikin wurare masu zafi.

HANKALI: Tabbas, suna bin irin wannan nau'ikan ba kawai ga yanayi ba, har ma ga dubban masu kiwo daga ƙasashe daban-daban.

Hakan ya sake faruwa a Ingila - wani mai kula da lambun Ingilishi, saboda son sani, ya fara gwaji da furannin Cattleya guttata da Cattleya loddighesi, kuma sakamakon haka sai 'ya'yan suka tsiro, daga inda samfurin mutum na farko na Cattleya Hybrid ya bayyana (a cikin karni na 19). Da kyau, sa'annan aka ɗauki sandar da sauri, adadin sababbin matasan ya karu sosai, kuma sakamakon yana da ban mamaki ga mu duka.

Don ƙarin bayani game da ire-iren nau'ikan orchids, kwatanci da hotunan furanni masu siffofi iri-iri, bincika wannan kayan.

Akwai tsaro?

Duk da yawan nau'in, tabbas, irin wannan tsiron mai ban mamaki yana buƙatar kariya. An lalata shi a cikin yanayi ba tare da jinƙai ba - duk lokacin da ake sare bishiyoyi da kuma lokacin da ake ɗumbin fadama, wasu kuma kawai suna ɓatar da wannan mu'ujiza ta ɗabi'a tare da tushe don dalilai na magani (game da ko orchid yana da guba ko a'a, menene fa'ida ko cutarwa da yake kawowa jikin mutum, gano a nan). Can baya a ƙarshen karni na 19, batun batun kiyaye halittar orchid ya fara tashi ne a Turai.Nau'in kariya na farko shine siket din matar.

A cikin Rasha, an tsara nau'ikan 35 na wannan shuka a cikin Littafin Ja. Masana kimiyya sun kirga cewa, abin takaici, nan da shekarar 2050, kusan rabin yawan adadin orchid na yanzu zai kasance a Turai. Yawancin ƙasashe suna ƙoƙari su adana nau'in orchid na daji a cikin lambunan tsirrai, wuraren ajiya da wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa. A zamanin yau, dukkansu ana kiyaye su da dokokin kare yanayi.

Abubuwan kulawa

Shagunanmu suna sayar da jinsunan orchid na gargajiya, ya fi sauki a kula da su a gida. Mafi mashahuri nau'in shine Phalaenopsis. Mahimman maki lokacin barin:

madaidaicin haske - mafi kyawun yaduwa haske a ƙalla awanni 12;
tsarin zafin jiki - ga dukkan orchids na cikin gida, zai zama mafi kyau duka don samar da digiri 20 - 27 na zafi yayin rana, da digiri 14 - 24 a dare;
damshin iska - ana buƙatar ɗimbin zafi, yana da amfani ƙwarai a sanya akwatin kifaye ko tire da ruwa da pebbles kusa da shuka;
shayarwa - zai zama dole a sha ruwa sosai yayin lokacin furanni da haɓakar aiki, sauran lokacin shayar ya zama matsakaici.

Kalli bidiyo game da kula da orchids:

Kammalawa

Masana ilimin halayyar dan adam sun ce yana da matukar amfani mutum ya kalli furannin orchid - yana kare kansa daga bakin ciki, alama ce ta sake haihuwa ta ruhaniya, kamala da jituwa. Tabbatar samun aƙalla kofi ɗaya a gida - kuma rayuwa zata zama mai haske. Wannan tsire-tsire mai ban mamaki - furanni na dogon lokaci a lokacin rani da hunturu, yana faranta ido, yayin da baya buƙatar kulawa sosai a cikin kulawarsa.

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