Dokokin kulawa na koren orchid: yadda ake shuka fure a cikin tukunya a gida?

Da farko ya fara bayyana a cikin Turai kusan shekaru 400 da suka gabata, nan da nan orchid ya burge masu noman fure tare da kyawunsa. Duk yan koyo da gogaggun yan lambu ba su fito nan da nan yadda zasu kula da wata shuka ba.

Amma bayan lokaci, orchids sun samo tushe ba kawai a cikin greenhouses, amma har a kan taga taga. Akwai furanni da yawa na wannan furannin na wurare masu zafi. A yau zaku koya game da koren orchid mara kyau.

Za mu gaya muku game da siffofin wannan fure, nau'ikansa, ƙa'idodin kulawa, hanyar yaduwa a cikin wannan labarin. Hakanan zaka iya kallon bidiyo mai amfani akan wannan batun.

Menene waɗannan furannin?

HANKALI: Orchid furanni ne mai ɗanɗano, wanda ba a yawan yin daji ko liana yana girma a cikin yanayi mai zafi ko yanayi. Akwai kusan nau'in 35 na waɗannan furannin a cikin duniya tare da ƙanshi mai daɗi na siffofi da inuwa daban-daban.

Girman kewayon orchid yana da faɗi sosai - daga centan santimita zuwa mita 35 a tsayi. Yawancin orchids sune epiphytes suna girma akan bishiyoyi, amma kuma akwai nau'ikan ƙasa.

Bayyanar tsire-tsire ya bambanta - koren kara zai iya zama gajere, tsayi, tsayayye ko rarrafe. Ganyayyaki suna da sauƙi, madadin. Shuke-shuke na iya samun fata ɗaya ko da yawa, mai taushi ko taushi. Amma babban kayan ado na orchid shine furanni launuka daban-daban: lemu, rawaya, kore, ruwan kasa, fari, lilac. Akwai furanni a cikin kwadi, kadangaru, tattabarai da swans, butterflies, ƙudan zuma, wasps da asu.

Iri-iri

Green wata inuwa ce wacce ba a saba da ita ba ga furanni, kusan ba a samu a yanayi. Orchids na iri masu zuwa na iya zama kore:

• Daga cikin phalaenopsis, akwai nau'ikan iri daban-daban kusa da kore: Amalfi da Bellina na launi mai laushi mai rawaya-kore mai lebe mai ruwan hoda, koren koren Violacea alba, Sunrise Goldmour tare da lemun tsami mai ɗanɗano mai haske.
• Paphiopedilum lawrenceanum ko Venus Slipper tare da farin da kore jijiyoyinmu.
• M kore Bowring Cattleya da Luteous Forb tare da haske kore petals.
• Cymbodium Sessa Green Beauty daga wannan jerin shine mafi kore, cikakken launi.

Hoto

Haske mai haske da koren orchids yayi kyau sosai... Kalli hotunansu:

"Violacea alba"

Kwallan Cattleya

"Luteous Forb"

"Cymbodium Sessa Green Kyakkyawa"

Tarihin kiwo

Orchids na farko da aka kawo zuwa Turai sun ɓace - to, lambu ba su san yadda za a kula da su ba tukuna. Amma tuni daga tsakiyar karni na 19, bukatar furanni ya karu sosai ta yadda wadanda ake shigowa da su suka yi karanci. Sannan basu san yadda ake shuka orchid daga tsaba ba - furannin da kansu basu gurɓata, kuma ba a barin ƙwari a kusa da su.

Bayan haka ne aka kirkiro hanyar da ake amfani da ita wajen yin kiwo ta hanyar kirkirar pollination - ta wannan hanyar zaku iya sarrafa kyawawan halayen da kuka gada. A yau, ta hanyar ƙoƙarin ɗaruruwan masu kiwo a duniya, aƙalla an samo nau'ikan ƙwayoyin cuta dubu 15, waɗanda aka rarrabe da kyaun sura da launi - shuɗi, shuɗi, kore da sauransu.

Girma a cikin tukunya

Dole ne orchid ya kasance yana da cikakkiyar kulawa, wanda ya ƙunshi waɗannan mahimman yanayi:

1. Shayar da tsire a hankali - ya fi kyau cikawa fiye da ambaliya... Ruwan ya zama mai dumi, tace, amma ba a tafasa ba. Zai fi kyau a sha ruwa bayan kasar gona ta bushe gaba daya.
2. Orchid yana buƙatar samun isasshen haske, amma ba za ku iya bijirar da shi zuwa hasken rana kai tsaye ba - yana buƙatar inuwa da tsakar rana. Don kumbiyar cymbadium, zabi gefen gabas, yamma, ko kudu maso yamma.

   MUHIMMANCI: A ƙarƙashin haske mai ƙarfi, fure da ganye za su rasa koren launinsu kuma su zama rawaya.

3. Orchids - furanni masu son zafi... Cymbadium, ba kamar sauran nau'ikan ba, yana jure yanayin zafi sosai - har zuwa 35-38 ℃, amma da daddare zazzabin ya sauka da 8-15 ℃. A cikin kaka da hunturu, yawan zafin jiki a cikin ɗaki tare da fure bai kamata ya tashi sama da 18 ℃ ba.
4. Shima ɗakin yana da mahimmanci... Koren orchid baya buƙatar babban ɗumi - 25-30% ya isa, lokaci-lokaci ana iya ɗaga shi zuwa 35-40%. Karancin zafi ba shi da karɓa - iska mai bushewa tana haifar da shuka zuwa mutuwa.

Top miya

Ingantaccen abinci na koren phalaenopsis yana faruwa ne kawai lokacin lokacin girma na sabbin harbe-harbe, ba fiye da sau ɗaya a kowane sati 3. Don wannan, ana yin mafita na musamman don tushen asalinsu.

Hakanan zaka iya fesa ganyen fure da mafita ta musamman. A lokacin lokutan bacci da furanni, an hana ciyarwa..

Kar a rufe shi da narkar da maganin, in ba haka ba substrate na iya zama gishiri. Hakanan, kar ayi amfani da takin zamani na sauran launuka don orchids. A cikin shagon zaku iya siyan takin mai rikitarwa: Kornevin, Royal Mix da "World of Flowers" daga Rostagro.

Kalli bidiyo kan madaidaicin takin orchids:

Canja wurin

Koren orchid, kamar wasu, dole ne a dasa shi daidai.... Wannan ya kamata a yi ba fiye da sau ɗaya a kowace shekara biyu ba, idan babu alamomi na musamman game da wannan - tushen cututtuka, lahani na ƙasa. Mafi kyawun lokaci yana zuwa yayin da sabbin harbi suka kai 5 cm a tsayi. Tsarin dashen kansa da kansa daidaitacce ne - sakin phalaenopsis daga tsohuwar substrate, dubawa da datse tushen, dasa cikin sabuwar ƙasa. Bayan dasawa, sanya koren orchid a yankin inuwa.

Kalli bidiyo game da dasa dashen orchid daidai:

Sake haifuwa

A gida, koren orchid yana noman ciyayi. Don yin wannan, an raba babban daji zuwa sassa, kowannensu dole ne ya ƙunshi aƙalla pseudobulbs uku. Tsoffin pseudobulbs ba tare da ganye suma sun dace da haifuwa, waɗanda aka raba su kuma suka tsiro daban. Wannan ya kamata ya faru a zazzabi na 20-28 ℃ tare da feshin yau da kullun har sai sprouts ya bayyana. Bayan haka, ana shuka shuka a cikin tukunya daban.

TAMBAYA: Zai fi kyau ga manoman da ba su da ƙwarewa ba su shiga yaɗuwar fure, saboda za ku iya haifar da lalacewar da ba za a iya gyara ta ba ga orchid.

Kalli bidiyo game da haifuwa (rejuvenation) na orchid ta hanyar raba daji:

Kwari da cututtuka

Cututtuka marasa yaduwa na iya haifar da lalacewa da mutuwar orchids.haifar da irin waɗannan dalilai:

• ganye yana konewa saboda hasken rana kai tsaye;
• steaming a cikin wani greenhouse a babban zafi;
• overheating ko hypothermia don fiye da 10 hours;
• rashin haske, wanda ya rage rigakafin fure;
• wuce haddi ko rashin ma'adinai yana haifar da halin orchids na rashin lafiya da daina fure.

Sakamakon duk waɗannan matsalolin na iya zama cututtukan cututtuka - fungi, ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta.

Mafi yawan kwari akan orchids: sikelin kwari, mealybugs, aphids, thrips, mites flat, whiteflies, gizo-gizo mites. Akwai magungunan kwari na musamman akan kowannensu, wanda dole ne ayi amfani dasu ta hanyar umarnin da aka nuna akan su.

Kammalawa

Orchid tsire-tsire ne mai ban sha'awa a cikin kansa, kuma koren cikinsu yana kama da lu'u lu'u tsakanin pebbles. Ba za a taɓa lura da shi ba, baƙon abu, mai kyau, koren orchid... Kula sosai da shukanka kuma zaka iya yaba da kyawun sa tsawon shekaru.

Kalli bidiyon: Qalu Innalillahi - Ina Masu Turawa Mawaka Kudi Ku Saurari Sako (Yuni 2024).