Lura ga masu lambu: ta yaya kuma yaushe zaku iya dasa fure kuma me ake buƙata don wannan?
Yin kwalliyar fure zai taimaka wajan samun kyakkyawan lambun fure akan shafin. Dabarar tana kama da aiki da bishiyoyi.
Ana zaɓar fure-fure ko wasu shuke-shuken shuke-shuke a matsayin jari. Ta hanyar dasawa, suna samun nasarar juriya cikin fure.
Hakanan, tare da dasawa, wannan magudi yana ba da damar yaduwar fure - fure hade-hade ne, kuma hanyar ciyayi tana kiyaye kyawawan halaye masu banbanci. Yin amfani da canina ya tashi ko ƙaramar fure a matsayin tushen tsiro ya fi yawa a Rasha.
Waɗanne furanni ne suka fi kyau - grafted ko kafe-tushensu?
Tushen mai yiwuwa wardi ana kiransa furanni da aka girma ta amfani da hanyoyin daskarar da cuttwa, rarraba daji ko daga shimfidawa.
Tare da taimakon budding (grafting), an haɓaka haɓakar haifuwa ta sarauniyar fure cikin hanzari.
| Lissafi | Tushen-iya | |
| Iri-iri | Duk wani nau'I yana samuwa don dasawa - har ma da samfuran marasa ƙarfi suna da ƙimar rayuwa bisa tushen asalin baƙo | Floribunda, matasan shayi, remontant yayi rauni. Zai fi kyau amfani da Kanada, hawa da rufe ƙasa. |
| Wintering | A cikin yankuna na arewa, ana buƙatar gagarumar ƙoƙari don samun nasarar hunturu fure. Wannan rashin amfani ne na tsirrai da aka dasa. Tare da fitowar rashin nasara daga lokacin sanyi, saiwar saiwarsa ce kawai ta rage, amma ruɓewar ɓangaren sama yana faruwa saboda daskarewa. | Babban juriya ga cututtuka, hunturu-wuya, maras kyau. |
| Bloom | Bloom yana farawa a farkon shekarar farko ta shuka. | Suna bada yalwar furanni bayan shekaru 3. |
| Saukewa | Ana sanya ɗanyen nan da nan a wuri mai ɗorewa. | Girma wajibi ne. Lokacin da aka dasa shi a cikin shekara ta 1 a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, tsarin tushen rauni yana da haɗarin daskarewa da ruɓewa. |
| Tleananan hanyoyi na kulawa | Rushewar ci gaba koyaushe ya zama dole. Game da dasawa a kan fure, zai ba matasa harbe - idan ba a yanke su ba, abubuwan da aka dasa na wardi za su yi girma. | Gandun daji na irin wannan tsiron "ba ya gudu daji". Tare da kulawa mai kyau, wardi na tushe zai iya rayuwa har zuwa rabin karni. |
| Ma'aji | Ana ajiye wardi warkewa a bayan kasa a -2 zuwa +2 digiri. | Ana kiyaye tsire-tsire waɗanda aka tono daga -2 zuwa +10 digiri. |
| Fasali: | A cikin yanayin dasawa ta amfani da idanu masu rauni, wasu masu shuka na iya wahala. | Harbe-harbe sun fito ne daga marmari masu tasowa daga tushe da abin wuya. Idan daji ya mutu bayan matsanancin hunturu, fure yana da rai saboda sake cigaba da girma. |
A cikin yankuna da ke fama da tsananin sanyi a cikin hunturu, zai fi kyau a zaɓi fure wardi. Don kare lafiyar alurar riga kafi, za a yi ƙoƙari sosai. Da farko ƙwayoyi masu rauni ba za su iya rayuwa da sanyi ba.
Yaushe lokaci mafi kyau don yin rigakafi - bazara, bazara ko hunturu?
Gwanayen lambu suna ba da shawarar dasa wardi a watan Agusta - to, nasarar nasara kusan 100%.
A wannan lokacin, furen yana ƙara kwararar ruwan itace, wanda ya zama dole don rayuwar dasawa. Lokacin bazara yana da kwanciyar hankali don abubuwan kiwo saboda cikakken shirin shuke-shuke. Ana shirya cuttings a ranar budding.
Don lokacin bazara, ana dasa gandun daji a cikin faduwa cikin babban tukunya tare da ƙasa mai daɗin da takin mai magani. An saukar da tsire a cikin ginshiki har zuwa tsakiyar bazara (ya danganta da yankin). Tare da farawar zafi, ana yin allura lokacin da lokacin kwararar ruwan sama ya fara.
Don rigakafin hunturu, ana girbe cuttings a kaka... Ana ajiye su a cikin wuri mai sanyi, mai duhu. A wannan lokacin na shekara, rigakafin yana zuwa da matsaloli da yawa. Abubuwan fa'idodi sun haɗa da rashin haɗarin lalacewar sanyi ga tsire-tsire - bayan dasa shuki a cikin bazara, nan da nan za su fara girma, kuma daji zai yi ta kaka. Dole ne a jika gindin sai a jika shi da ruwan dumi kwana biyar kafin ya girma.
Dabarar tana kama da lokacin rani. Bayan dasawa, ana yayyafa wardi tare da danshin danshi, sai a bar shi na sati biyu a maki 20 a ma'aunin Celsius. Ana buƙatar babban zafi, saboda haka ya halatta sanya wardi ƙarƙashin fim tare da fesawa yau da kullun. Bayan scion da rootstock suna girma tare, ana adana shukokin a zazzabi daga 0 zuwa + 5.
Bukatun furanni
Ana aiwatar da Budding akan lafiyayyun, igiyar ciki bushes aƙalla shekaru uku. A diamita daga cikin kututture kada ta kasance ƙasa da santimita 1. Haushi na tsire-tsire yana da santsi, ba tare da lalacewa ba. Chosenasa mai tushe an zaɓi don dasawa.... Kodan da aka shirya don yin allura ana gano su da ƙayoyi. Dole ne su zama cikakke. Alamar da aka shiryar da su ita ce saurin ɓarkewar ƙayayuwa ba tare da shafi yatsun bawan ba.
Umurnin mataki zuwa mataki don aikin
Ana aiwatar da Budding a cikin bazara. Yana da mahimmanci a sanya scion a dunƙule a jikin tushen sa. Samuwar kayan aiki mai inganci zai taka rawa babba.
- Ftungiyoyin masu ɗaukar hoto - na taimakawa don samun yankan girma iri ɗaya saboda saitin wukake masu sauyawa.
- Lokacin zabar kayan kwalliyar lambu, suna mai da hankali ga ingancin ƙarfe.
- Wukar da ke zagaye za ta taimake ka ka yanke-yanke kuma ka yanke filayen. Ana sanya ƙwanƙwasa a kan ruwan wukake don raba haushi daga itacen.
- Ana yin amfani da fim ɗin polyethylene, tef ɗin lantarki, man mai na likitanci a matsayin kayan ɗamara.
Ana ba da shawara ga masu farawa su fara sanin su tare da dasasshen wardi ta amfani da ƙwanƙwasa peephole. Ana amfani da hanyar sau da yawa a ƙarshen bazara, amma ana amfani dashi a lokacin bazara.
- A ranar allurar rigakafi, yanke fure mai inganci daga mahaifar daji. Ya kamata ya zama shekara-shekara shoot tare da kafa buds a cikin ganye axils. Yanke wani sashi tare da toho 3 ko 4 a tsakiyar.
Ana kwasfa ƙaya daga yankan, an cire ganyen, suna barin petioles. Mafi kwayar ido (koda) alama ce.
- An kwance wuyan haja daga ƙasa tare da taimakon zane mai tsabta. Amfani da wuka mai ƙyallen ido ko manne mashin, sanya yanke T. Ana ba da shawarar masu farawa su yi hakan da wuka - an yi sintiri a kwance na santimita 1 a wuya, sa'annan a sanya shi a tsaye, yana riƙe da ruwa daga ƙasa zuwa sama. Kusa da layin farko, an juya haushi.
- An yanke scutellum tare da ingantaccen toho kuma an cire katako. An saka garkuwar sosai a cikin raunin a cikin gindin sai a matse shi ƙasa. Yayin gyarawa, ana sanya juzu'in tef ɗin a sama.
- Yayin da ake daurewa, ana barin kodar da ta rage a waje ta kusa da kasa tare da tef. Fixedarshen iska yana gyarawa a ƙarƙashin matsanancin juyawa ƙasa da cuts. Idan allurar rigakafin ta gudana, bayan mako biyu petiole zai ɓace da kansa.
A lokacin bazara, ana ajiye yankanta a cikin yanayi mai laima - suna buƙatar a wadatasu da ruwa. Dole ne a yanke gindin tushen a sama da ƙasa cm 3-5.
A farkon kwanakin farko na dumi, sai su tono wuyan bishiyar daji, 'yantar da koda daga fim din. An kafa shuka ta hanyar tsarawa. A lokacin bazara na wannan shekarar, an ba da izinin dasa furen.
Rosehip
Rosehip daji dole ne ya wuce shekaru 2, tare da kyakkyawan tushen tsarin, lokacin farin ciki akwati. Don hanzarta motsi da ruwan 'ya'yan itace, an shayar da shi sosai, spud sama da mako guda kafin alurar riga kafi. Ana iya amfani da hanyar budding iri ɗaya kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama. Hanya mai siffa ta T ya rage haɗarin kamuwa da cuta, ya dace da kwararar ruwan 'ya'yan itace a cikin tsiron.
Zuwa itacen apple
Amfani da bishiyoyin lambu a matsayin tushen bishiyar wardi ba zai yi nasara ba... Saboda bambance-bambance a cikin kaurin kututturen, har ma a yanayin nasarar kammala gwajin, tsire-tsire ba za su daɗe ba.
Budding a kan butt
Mafi sau da yawa, ana amfani da hanyar akan tsire-tsire masu girma a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa. Ba a hana shi aiwatar da abin da aka dasa a cikin tukwane. An yi amfani da garkuwar scion da aka shirya a cikin samfurin don lakabi. Ana yin daskararren yanka akansa, wanda akan dasa shi kuma ana aiwatar da zare mai zare.
Kusa da bazara, sama da toho, an yanke wani ɗan ƙaramin sashi na jari don ya fara girma tare da farkon zafi.
Akan tushe
Biyu T-cuts an yi a tsayin da aka yi nufin kambi... Cire koren da ke ƙasa. Idanun 2 na dasa a gefe biyu na tushe. Bayan makonni biyu, petiole ɗin zai ɓace.
Kuskure - menene, yaya za'a guje su?
Don haɓakar haɓaka, ba a yarda da maki masu zuwa ba:
- Kada ku dasa a saman tushen abin wuya akan duwawun daji. Yawan namun daji ba zai bar scion ya yi jijiya ba.
- Datti da kayan aikin kwalliya ba zasu yanke daidai ba. Ba a yarda da amfani da wukake masu sauƙi ba.
- Yankunan da suka fi ƙasa da 3 cm ba su samar da sana'a ba.
- Straarancin mara kyau zai ɓata lambar scion ɗin tare da hannun jari. Kada ta kasance mai rauni.
Shin kun san amfanin man fure? Kuma yaya za a zabi lokacin siyayya da kiyaye bayyanar su mai kyau na dogon lokaci? An amsa waɗannan tambayoyin a cikin talifofinmu.
Yadda ake dasa shuka a nan gaba?
Kafin dasa shuki, busassun tushen sai an jika shi da ruwa, an cire lalacewa... Pruning yana taimakawa wajen farka buds din shukar. An shimfida magudanan ruwa a kasan ramin dasa shuki, cakuda taki da yumbu, ruwa da tushe. An rarraba tushen ta yayyafa da ƙasa, tushen abin wuya a ɓoye yake a ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Ana shayar da daji, ana zagaye su.
A nan gaba, an dasa fure wanda aka dasa kamar yadda aka saba. Pruning wajibi ne don hunturu. An rufe shukar da ƙasa, ganye, an rufe shi da kariya. Wannan zai ba furen damar tsira daga sanyi.
Muna ba da shawarar kallon bidiyo kan yadda ake dasa fure da kyau: