Mun amsa mashahurin tambaya: shin ana iya dasa orchid a cikin ƙasa na yau da kullun?
A yau, gaskiyar cewa orchids ba sa girma a cikin ƙasa ya zama sanannun mutane. Amma a kan dandalin masu noman furannin lokaci lokaci akwai bayanan cewa "orchid ɗina yana girma kuma ya yi fure a ƙasa kuma ya ji daɗi sosai!" To wanene ya yi gaskiya, kuma zai yiwu a shuka wannan tsiro mai ban mamaki a cikin ƙasa ta yau da kullun?
Daga labarin zaku gano ko orchids na iya girma cikin ƙasa ta yau da kullun, waɗanne iri ne suka dace da wannan, yadda mafi kyau don canja wurin furen zuwa ƙasa.
An yarda sauka?
Da yake magana game da orchids da dasa su a cikin ƙasa, da farko dole ne ku fara yanke shawarar wane irin orchid ake nufi. Za'a iya raba su da sharadi zuwa manyan kungiyoyi uku:
- Epiphytes - da gaske basa buƙatar ƙasa, amma suna girma akan bishiyoyi. Sabanin yadda aka yi imani da shi, epiphytic orchids ba parasites ba ne, suna shan danshi da abubuwan da ke bukata daga iska da ruwan sama.
- Lithophytes - girma cikin yanayin da ba za'a iya tsammani ba a kallon farko: akan duwatsu mara kankara. Wannan shine karamin sashi na orchids.
- Orasa orchids - zama matsakaiciyar kungiya. Ba kamar biyun farko ba, suna da tushen tushe ko tubers. Yawanci, waɗannan nau'ikan suna girma cikin yanayi mai yanayi kuma basu da kyau kamar kyawawan ɗakunan wurare masu zafi. Waɗannan sun haɗa da Bletilla striata, Pleione, Orchis, da Cypripedium.
Magana: nau'ikan da aka lissafa suna jurewa da kyau ba kawai girma a cikin ƙasa ba, har ma lokacin hunturu. Don haka zaka iya dasa su cikin sauki ... a gonar.
Don haka, kafin ku dasa orchid a cikin ƙasa ko a cikin haushi, kuna buƙatar gano ko wane rukuni yake. Idan orchid na ƙasa ne, yana girma sosai a ƙasa baƙar fata. Amma tare da epiphytes, abubuwa ba su da kyau.
Me yasa wannan ya saba wa yawancin tsire-tsire?
Epiphytic orchids ana dasa ta ne kawai a cikin kwalin, kasa zata halaka su da sauri. Daga menene? Kusan komai game da takamaiman tushen su. Tushen epiphytic orchid sune mafi mahimmancin gaɓa a gare ta, suna yin waɗannan ayyuka:
- Ya haɗa da orchid zuwa matattarar, yana ba shi damar kasancewa a tsaye kuma an riƙe shi a wuri.
- Aiki, tare da ganye, suna aiki a cikin hotuna hotuna. Wasu nau'ikan suna daukar hasken rana da farko ta tushensu - ana bukatar a dasa su a tukwane masu gaskiya.
- Shayar danshi da abubuwan gina jiki daga iska da (kadan) daga bawon tsire-tsire) - tabbatar da mahimmin aikin shuka.
Domin cika waɗannan ayyukan, Tushen orchids an rufe shi da wani abu na musamman - velamen - nama mai ɗauke da sinadarin hygroscopic... Godiya gareshi, tushen suna adana danshi, suna ba shi shuka kamar yadda ake buƙata. Amma su da kansu dole ne su kasance bushe. Don fahimtar dalilin da ya sa haka, yi tunanin soso. Yana sauƙaƙewa yana sakin danshi.
Amma menene zai faru idan kun bar shi a jike na dogon lokaci kuma ba tare da samun iska ba? Wannan haka ne, soso zai sami m. Irin wannan abu yana faruwa tare da kyawawan asalin orchid, waɗanda aka makale a cikin ƙasa ta yau da kullun. Shi, ta hanyar halayensa (mai yawa a tsari, yana tafiyar da danshi da kyau kuma mara kyau - iska), baya bushewa na dogon lokaci, kuma asalinsu suna shaƙa kawai ba tare da samun iska ba. Idan ba'a dasa shukar cikin gaggawa ba, saiwoyin zasu fara ruɓewa, sannan kuma shukar zata mutu gabadaya.
Mahimmanci: duk da mahimmancin tushen, dole ne a sake tayar da orchid mai ruɓewa. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayin greenhouse a gare ta (sanya shi a cikin tukunya ba tare da wani juzu'i ba, amma da ruwa da ƙarƙashin fim).
Ta yaya za a shafi nau'in epiphytic ta hanyar sanya su a cikin talakawan chernozem?
Babban-sikelin, kuma, kash, wani gwajin rashin sa'a akan ci gaban orchids a cikin ƙasa talakawa an gudanar dashi yayin gabatarwarsu ta farko zuwa Turai... Masu lambu, waɗanda ke da sha'awar kyawawan shuke-shuke masu zafi, suna shirye su biya farashi masu ƙima a gare su kuma suna ba su mafi kyau: ƙasa mai wadataccen ƙasa. Amma saboda wasu dalilai tsirrai sun mutu gaba daya ...
Idan kayi ƙoƙarin dasa iri waɗanda ba'a nufin su ba a wannan ƙasa ta baƙar fata, shukar ba zata daɗe ba. Misali:
Phalaenopsis - Orchids da aka fi sani a gida. Suna buƙatar kyakkyawan yanayi, kuma suna mutuwa a cikin tukwane tare da ƙusoshin haushi. Ko da kawai ka yayyafa asalinsu da ƙasa ta yau da kullun, shukar zata shaƙe. A lokaci guda, phalaenopsis fure ne mai ban sha'awa wanda zai iya wanzu na dogon lokaci a cikin yanayi mara dadi. Abin da ya sa za ku iya samun misalai lokacin da ya girma har ma ya yi furanni a cikin tukunya da ƙasa.
Amma irin wannan mu'ujiza ba za ta daɗe ba: saiwar a hankali za su ruɓe kuma shukar za ta mutu. Af, idan phalaenopsis ya yi fure a cikin ƙasa, yana da wahala ƙwarai, saboda furannin orchid wani lokacin yakan zama azaman martani ga mummunan yanayi.
- Wanda... Wannan tsire-tsire yana da laulayi sosai kuma bai dace da mai siye da farawa ba. Yana buƙatar samun isasshen iska koyaushe don ya fi kyau a cikin tukwane ba tare da wani matashi ba kwata-kwata, tare da tsarin tushen mara tushe. Idan ya shiga cikin ƙasa, da sauri sosai zai rasa ganyayen sa, sannan ya mutu. Wanda ba zai iya furewa a cikin ƙasa ba.
- Ascocenda... Kamar Wanda, tana son zagayawa ta iska, tana buƙatar tukunyar filastik tare da mafi ƙarancin tushe. Idan kun dasa shi a cikin baƙar ƙasa, to da sannu zaku ga rawaya na ganyayyaki, to zasu fara faɗuwa. Idan kun tono shi a wannan lokacin, zaku iya ganin canji a cikin asalinsu: ba tare da samun iska ba, zasu zama rawaya rabin su juya. Dasawa da gaggawa ne kawai zai iya adana shukar.
Wane nau'in ke girma a cikin ƙasa?
Idan ka sayi orchid kuma kuna cikin shakku game da abin da za ku shuka, kuna buƙatar bincika wane iri ne. Idan shuka ta kasance ta asalin Himalayas, Ostiraliya ko kudu maso gabashin Asiya, to yana iya buƙatar ƙasa sosai. Waɗannan orchids ne waɗanda suke haɓaka a yau, kuma sakamakon haka, ana samun matasan da suka dace da yanayin gida da ƙasa. Misali:
- Hemaria (Haemaria);
- Makodes (Macodes);
- Anectochilus (Anoectochilus);
- Goodyera.
Hakanan akwai orchids na daji waɗanda suka girma a cikin Ukraine, Russia da Belarus., Kuma ƙasar gare su sanannen matattara ce. Yana:
Limodorum;
- Orchis;
- Ophris;
- Lyubka;
- Anacampis;
- Shugaban Pollen;
- Yatsa-tushen;
- Dankwalin Uwargida da sauransu.
Mafi yawancin lokuta, ana sayar da cymbidium azaman orchid da ke girma a cikin ƙasa. Yana buƙatar ƙasa mai nauyi wanda zai iya riƙe danshi a kusa da asalinsu, da kuma yawan shayarwa. Zai iya rayuwa koda a kan talakawan chernozem ne, kodayake mafi yawan lokuta haushi da ƙasa mai laushi (humus) suna cikin haɗuwa da ƙasa mafi kyau duka ga cymbidium.
Shin ina bukatan nitsar da kasar?
Soilasar orchid da aka siyo wani lokacin takan ƙunshi ƙasa. Da gaske za ku iya ƙara shi idan kuna da nau'ikan da ke son tsananin ɗanshi. Amma ba yadda za a yi baƙar fata baƙar fata! Kuna iya tsoma baki tare da ƙasa da ake kira ganye: wannan ƙasa ce da ake samu bayan bazuwar ganye a cikin gandun daji. Tana da arziki sosai kuma shukar tana girma sosai a ciki. Kuna iya tono shi da kanku, sa'annan ku tsabtace shi a hankali sannan ku ƙara shi gwargwadon abin da kuke yi na cakuda (kuna iya karanta ƙarin abubuwan da ke cikin ƙasa don orchids a nan, dalla-dalla game da abin da ya fi kyau a yi a gida ko ku sayi kayan ƙasa da aka shirya, kuna iya ganowa a cikin wannan kayan ). Amma yawan adadin ƙasar bai kamata ya wuce 40% ba.
Misali, a cikin cakuda haushi, ƙasa, yashi da kwal, itacen Ludzia orchid ya girma da kyau (iri-iri tare da katuwar koren ganye kore da ƙananan furanni masu kama da lu'u-lu'u).
Zaɓin shirye shirye
Lokacin sayan kallon orchid na ƙasa, zaku fuskanci matsala: kusan babu kayan haɗin ƙasar da aka shirya don su. Matsakaicin abin da shagon zai iya ba ku shine tushen violets. Amma ya ƙunshi kusan babban peat ɗaya kuma bai dace da orchids ba.
Dole ne ku yi cakuda da kanku. Dukkanin abubuwanda za'a samar dasu na gaba za'a iya raba su zuwa kungiyoyi 3:
- Tushen ƙasa (ganye, turf ko ƙasar coniferous, peat).
- Sara kayan haɓakawa (ba cikakkun ganyayyaki ba, gansakuka, gawayi, haushi ko polystyrene).
- Takin gargajiya (yumbu da busassun mullein).
Nasiha! Ta hanyar haɗa waɗannan rukunoni uku tare da juna, zaku sami kyakkyawan haɗin dredging.
Yadda ake canza wurin fure?
- Don farawa, tantance wane orchid kake dashi... Duk nau'ikan ƙasa za a iya raba su zuwa nau'ikan 2:
Deciduous - yana buƙatar sake dasawa shekara-shekara. A lokacin rani, duka ganyaye da asalinsu sun mutu. Suna buƙatar duniya da haske kamar yadda zai yiwu kuma a lokaci guda mai gina jiki. Wadannan sun hada da: calantes, catazetums, playons, bletias, bletilla. Cikakken cakudawa: ƙasa mai yalwa, ƙasar turf, humus, jan peat, tushen fern, yashi kogi (ɗauki gwargwadon 2/2/2/1/2/1).
- Evergreens wanda basa buƙatar dasa shuki shekara-shekara. An dasa su kamar yadda daskararren ya rube ko kuma saiwar ta fito ta gefen tukunyar. Waɗannan sun haɗa da cymbidiums, nau'in koren-bishiyar paphiopedilums, fajus, nau'ikan phragmipediums da yawa, waɗanda aka tattara. Cikakken cakuda: turbaya turbaya, ruɓaɓɓen ganye, tushen fern, sphagnum, yashi kogi (rabon 3/1/2/1/1).
- Bugu da ari zabi tukunya... Zai iya zama ko dai roba ko yumbu, amma har yanzu ana buƙatar ramuka magudanan ruwa. An shimfiɗa babban ruɓaɓɓen magudanar ruwa a ƙasan (murƙusasshen duwatsu, fasassun kayoyi ko guntun filastik kumfa - aƙalla 3-4 cm).
- Sannan cire orchid daga tukunyar da ta gabata (ya fi kyau a karya shi ko a sare shi - ta wannan hanyar saiwar za ta zama ba za ta lalace ba), bincika kuma a wanke tushen. Don tantance ko tushen yana da rai, matse shi da yatsa da sauƙi. Tushen rai dole ne ya zama mai ƙarfi.
- Sannan an saita orchid a cikin tukunya kuma an rufe shi da ƙasa mai shiri... Kar a nutsad da shi sosai a cikin cakuda - ya kamata tushen su numfasa. Cakudawar ƙasar baya buƙatar ɓarna, ya riga ya tattara abubuwa a kan lokaci. Kuna iya shayar da orchid bayan dasawa ba da daɗewa ba bayan kwana 3 - ta wannan hanyar zaku kauce wa ruɓewar tushen.
Idan komai an yi shi daidai: an ayyana iri-iri na orchid daidai, ƙasa ce da gaske, ƙasa an haɗe ta da kyau kuma dasawa ta gudana ba tare da rauni ba, to tabbas za a karɓi shukar. Kuma ba da daɗewa ba orchid ɗinka da ke girma a cikin ƙasa zai gode maka da furannin dumi!