Cikin gida begonia Cleopatra: yadda ake shuka fure mai ban sha'awa a gida?

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Begonia ana kiranta "budurwa kyakkyawa" saboda kyawawan furanninta da ganyenta. Begonia Cleopatra tana da kyawawan dabi'u na begonias kuma ya dace da waɗanda ke daraja fara'a da kyau a cikin shuke-shuke.

Don haka bari muyi la'akari da kwatancin wannan kyakkyawan sanannen sanannen ƙwayar begonia, gano game da kwari da cututtukan da zasu iya shafar wannan tsiron, menene yanayin rayuwar da yake buƙata da kuma yadda ake kula Cleopatra da kyau.

Hakanan zamu ga hotunan wannan furen a cikin labarin.

Bayanin tsirrai da tarihin tsire-tsire

Wannan nau'in jinsin mai yawan gaske na dangin begonia an rarraba shi kusan a ko'ina cikin bel na wurare masu zafi da yanayin zafi. Dabino a cikin nau'ikan halittun begonias na Amurka ta Kudu ne. Begonia sananniya ce a ko'ina cikin bel na wurare masu zafi da ƙasa. Mafi yawan begonias suna girma a Kudancin Amurka.

An sanya wa shuka sunan Begon, gwamnan Haiti, babban mai kauna da kuma tattara tsire-tsire, wanda ya shirya binciken kimiyya a cikin Antilles a cikin karni na 17. A cikin 1950, wani nau'in meciko mai ƙarancin nama - ya bayyana - Bauer begonia (Begonia bowerae).

Daya daga cikin jinsin wadannan jinsin halittu shine Cleopatra begonia. Akwai wasu sunaye na wannan shukar, misali, Boveri begonia.

Cleopatra begonias suna da duhu koren ganye, wanda aka nuna zuwa karshen, abin tunawa da maple (karanta game da maple begonias nan), da kuma siririn kara wanda aka rufe da gashi. Tsayin tsirrai na iya kaiwa rabin mita. Wannan nau'ikan begonias yana da halaye irin nasa:

dangane da hasken wuta, ganyayyaki na iya samun tabarau daban-daban;
launi daban-daban na ganye daga bangarori daban-daban: kore a waje da ja (wani lokacin ma burgundy) a karkashin;
haske, gashi mai kyau da suka rufe ganye.

Cleopatra yana da furanni masu ruwan hoda waɗanda aka tattara a cikin yaduwar inflorescence. Lokacin fure da aka saba shine Janairu zuwa Fabrairu.

NASIHA. Cleopatra yana da furanni na mata da maza. Sabili da haka, a madadin fure-fure na mata, ƙananan ƙwayoyi masu kusurwa uku suna girma.

Hoto na furanni

Anan zaku iya ganin hoto na Cleopatra begonia, wanda yake da sauƙin girma a gida.

Iri-iri

Dukkanin begonias an rarraba su cikin al'ada zuwa nau'ikan masu zuwa:

ado deciduous na cikin gida;
na ado da furanni na cikin gida;
lambun furanni na ado.

Begonia Cleopatra na mallakar kayan ado ne, kuma, kamar dukkan wakilan wannan yanayin, yana da manya-manyan, kyawawan siffofi.

Munyi magana game da wasu begonias na jinsin kayan ado daban-daban. Kuna iya karantawa game da irin su Royal, Mason, Griffin, Rex, Maple Leaf, Tiara, Collar, Tiger, Sizolist and Metallic.

A ina da yadda ake shuka ta?

Haske da wuri

Don haɓaka mai kyau, Cleopatra yana buƙatar haske mai yaduwa. Zai fi kyau shuka ta kasance a taga yamma ko taga ta gabas. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, kuma begonia tana girma akan taga ta arewa, to don cikakken ci gaba shukar zata buƙaci ƙarin haske tare da fitilu. Akasin haka, wajibi ne don samar da duhu don taga ta kudu.

Bukatun ƙasa

Kuna iya amfani da ƙasar da aka siye musamman wacce aka tsara ta don begonias (ɗan acidic, sako-sako), ko kuna iya shirya ƙasar don dasa kanku. Don yin wannan, ƙara m yashi, perlite da peat a daidai rabbai ga ƙasar gandun daji calcined a cikin tanda.

Wiwi da magudanun ruwa

Don dasa begonias, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar tukunyar filawa mai filastik mai faɗi, kada ta kasance mai zurfi. Ba a ba da shawarar tukwane na yumbu don dasa begonias saboda da alama asalinsu suna kutsawa cikin yanayi mara kyau. Ya kamata a sanya magudanan ruwa a ƙasan tukunyar - faɗaɗa yumɓu ko pebbles. Sanya sulusi na ƙasa da aka shirya akan magudanar ruwa, sa'annan shigar da shuka kuma cika sauran ƙasa. Sannan a zuba ruwa mai dumi akan begonia.

Yadda ake kulawa da kyau?

Lokacin kula da begonia a gida Kada a bar danshi ya zauna a cikin ƙasa. Don yin wannan, koyaushe tabbatar cewa saman saman duniya ya riga ya bushe kafin a shayar dashi. Zai fi kyau a shayar da Cleopatra da safe ko maraice don guje wa ƙonawa a jikin ganyen.

A lokacin bazara ko lokacin dasa bishiyoyin begonias, ya zama dole a datsa - yanke duk tsawan mai tsayi zuwa 4-5 cm sama da matakin ƙasa. Don daji mai kyau da kyau, dole ne a juyar da tsire-tsire lokaci-lokaci. Don ingantaccen ci gaba, Cleopatra yana buƙatar samar da yanayin zafin jiki na digiri 18 zuwa 20.

MUHIMMANCI. Idan iska a cikin ɗakin da begonia ke tsiro ya bushe, to dole ne a sanya kwantena da rigar tsakuwa ko yashi kusa da shi, in ba haka ba Cleopatra zai fara ciwo.

Sau biyu a wata yana da daraja ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da takin mai ma'adinai. Wannan gaskiyane ga bazara da bazara. Don ciyarwa, zai fi kyau a sayi takin zamani musamman wanda aka tsara shi don begonias. Za a iya fara sakawa sama da sati bayan dasa shuki. Idan burin shine samun furanni, to ya kamata a ciyar da Cleopatra tare da cikakken hadadden takin zamani, inda yafi potassium fiye da nitrogen.

Yin ado mai kyau yana da mahimmanci ga begonias. Idan kana son ta ta faranta maka da lafiyarta, karanta game da fasalin girman wannan kyan. Za mu gaya muku game da waɗannan nau'ikan: tsirara, Tiger, Smaragdovaya, Bolivian, Coral, Fista, Griffith, Terry, Bush da Imperial.

Cututtuka na yau da kullun da kwari

Mafi yawanci begonia Cleopatra ba shi da lafiya tare da fure mai laushi, lalacewa ta hanyar microscopic fungi. A cikin wannan cutar, an rufe ganye da farin fure mai faten powdery. Cutar na farawa ne da ganyen da ke kusa da ƙasa, yana wucewa lokaci zuwa ɗaukacin tsiron. Kamuwa da cuta akan lokaci yana haifar da lalacewar shukar. Ci gaban cutar ya tsaya yayin fesawa da shirye-shirye na musamman don kariya, kamar su kolloidal sulfur ko jan ƙarfe na ƙarfe.

Ga Cleopatra, da sauran nau'o'in begonias, kamuwa da cuta ta fungal halayyar mutum ce, wacce ke nuna kanta a kan ganyayyaki da tabo na ruɓewa. Mafi yawanci wannan yakan faru ne lokacin da aka keta tsarin mulki na yanayin zafi. Idan akwai wata cuta, ya zama dole a cire wuraren da ke fama da cutar kuma a kula da tsire-tsire tare da shiri na fungicidal (wani sinadari daga ƙungiyar magungunan kashe qwari).

Kwaro irin su ƙananan sihiri, ɓoyayye da kuma gizo-gizo na iya kai wa Cleopatra hari. Mizanin kwarin karamin ƙaramin kwari ne wanda yayi kama da kwari ko flat aphid. Wannan kwayar cutar tana tsotse ruwan daga cikin tsiron, sakamakon haka ganyen ya bushe, sannan kuma shukar ta mutu. A matakan farko na kamuwa da cutar, feshin kwari ya wadatar. Idan aka lura da cutar a makare, to za a cire sikan din ta hanyar inji, sannan a fesa wa magonon maganin na actara. Fesa fesawa zai buƙaci a maimaita shi sau da yawa a tsawan sati.

Thrips, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, suna haifar da rawaya ko launuka masu launin ratsi da ratsi sun bayyana akan ganyen, wanda hakan ke haifar da mutuwar ƙwanin tsire-tsire. Kuna iya kawar da cutar ta hanyar maganin kwari.

Idan ana kiyaye begonia a tsawan zafin jiki da rashin laima da ake buƙata, to akwai yiwuwar samun bayyanar mitejin gizo-gizo. Ana iya ganin wannan kwayar cutar mai cin tsiro ta yanar gizo mai siriri tsakanin ganye. Acaricides da insectoacaricides zasuyi tasiri akan kwaro.

Hanyoyin kiwo

Begonia Cleopatra za a iya yada shi ta hanyoyi masu zuwa:

Yankan. A wannan yanayin, ya zama dole a yanke duriyar kusan santimita 5 kuma sanya shi a cikin ruwa ko wani abu na musamman (peat, yashi da moss na sphagnum a dai-dai gwargwado) har sai asalinsu sun bayyana. Sannan dasawa a tukunya.
Tsaba. Tsarin yana farawa tare da shuka iri akan ƙasa mai laushi, waɗanda aka danƙaɗa shi cikin ƙasa. An rufe akwatin tare da ƙasa mai laushi tare da tsare kuma an sanya shi a wuri mai dumi. Lokacin da tsiro suka bayyana, kariya daga fim ɗin a hankali zai fara cirewa. Mafi kyawun lokaci don wannan zaɓin shine daga Disamba zuwa Maris.
Takaddun shaida. Wajibi ne a yanke ganye tare da petiole kuma, bayan aiwatar da yanke tare da tushe, sanya shi a cikin ƙasa. Sau ɗaya a kowane mako biyu, yana da daraja ciyar da matasa begonia tare da takin mai magani.

Shuka na iya haifuwa a kowane lokaci na shekara, amma ya kamata a san cewa tushen shi ya fi sauƙi a cikin bazara.

NASIHA. A karni na 20, masanan kimiya na Rasha suka gano cewa ɓoye ɓoye na begonias suna aiki da yawa fungi mai laushi, kuma a cikin ɗaki tare da begonias yawan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin sati ɗaya yana raguwa da kashi 70%, staphylococcus - da 60%.