Bayani da hoto na petunia Typhoon Azurfa, da kuma kulawa da wannan shuka

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Petunia ta sami soyayya da kulawa ta musamman daga masu aikin lambu cikin shekaru 100 da suka gabata. Kuma wannan ba sabon abu bane.

Furewarta mai aiki da babban zaɓi na inuwar suna ba da damar yin ado da filin lambu da gadajen furannin bazara na cafes masu tsada ko baranda na lambu.

Daga labarin zaku sami ƙarin sani game da wannan nau'ikan petunia, yadda yake kama, menene ire-irensa gaba ɗaya, da kuma yadda zaku kula dashi, ku yada shi.

Hakanan zaka iya kallon bidiyo game da kulawa da ita.

Tarihin asali

Wannan kyakkyawan fure mai walƙiya ya zo ne daga 1793 daga Uruguay a matsayin busasshiyar ganye. Daya daga cikin mashahuran lambu na lokacin, Jean Baptiste Lamarck, ya kira ta Nicotinia axillaris (Nicotinia, ma'anar kalmar "nicotine").

Magana! Daga baya, an sake ba furen suna Petunia axillaris (daga 'Yar Brazil "Petun" - taba).

Iri-iri da fasali

Expertswararrun masana sun bambanta manyan nau'ikan petunias biyu kawai:

Multiflorous (Multiflora).
Manyan fure (Grandiflora).

Manyan fure-fure masu fure ana rarrabe su da kasancewar fulawa mai girma (ba safai biyu ba), mai girman diamita 9 cm. Suna da matukar damuwa ga abubuwan da ke cikin kasar, kuma da kyar suke rayuwa da yanayin yanayin zafin-jiki, saboda haka ana ba da shawarar a shuka su cikin kwanduna rataye. Bugu da kari, ganyayyaki masu rauni na wannan al'adar suna fuskantar fuskantar ruwan sama mai karfi, wanda ke nufin suna bukatar a rufe su a karkashin rumfa ko rufi.

Petunia Typhoon, tana da girma, ingantacce, rhizome, adadi mai yawa da ƙananan ganye. Abubuwan da basu da kyau a cikin jiki yawanci basu wuce 5 cm a faɗi ba kuma sun bambanta da launuka iri-iri masu wasa, tun daga fari fari zuwa jajayen haske ko sautin yashi. Multi-flowered petunia ya cancanci mallakar kayan ado masu kyau waɗanda zasu taimaka kawo ƙididdigar taushi da asali zuwa ga titi, gadon filawa ko ma gidan haya.

Azurfa

Wataƙila, ɗayan shahararrun nau'ikan shuke-shuken da aka bayyana a sama shine Typhoon Azurfa Wani nau'in birni ne mai ban mamaki wanda ke yin furanni a duk tsawon lokacin bazara kuma ya samar da ɗamarar tsattsauran ƙarfi mai tsayi sama da 1.5 m a tsayi. Yana saurin sabunta kansa bayan saukar ruwan sama mai karfi, iska mai iska da sauran lalacewa, kuma furarsa a yanayin kulawa mai kyau zai ɗore har zuwa farkon sanyi.

Petunia Typhoon tana da girma mai ban sha'awa, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa ake buƙatarsa ma tsakanin masu aikin lambun mai son Rasha. Yana girma da sauri, yana yin bishiyar daji tare da furanni ɗari ko biyu riga makonni 3 bayan shuka shukokin. Wannan tsire-tsire yana da matukar tsayayya ga mahalli na waje mai tayar da hankali, kuma tsarin tushen ƙarfi zai ba da gudummawa ga kwararar danshi daga ƙananan matakan ƙasa.

Hoto

Gaba, zaku iya ganin hoton wannan Guguwar petunia:

Dokoki da nasihu don inda da yadda ake shuka shi

Soilasa don shuka petunias bai kamata ya sami matakan tsaka-tsakin acidity da alkalinity ba. Ana amfani da dunƙule, talakawan ƙasa masu gina jiki, waɗanda suke iya riƙe adadin ruwa da ake buƙata, amma ba sa jike a lokaci guda, suna sakin ruwa mai yawa.
Shagunan suna siyar da gaurayayyun kayan haɗin da zaku iya haɗuwa da kanku, haɗa ɓangarorin daidai na peat mai inganci, turf ƙasa, humus da ta lalace da ɗan yashi. Sanya dukkan sinadaran sosai, wuce sau biyu - ta babban sieve, sannan ƙarami.
A ƙasan kwalin ko tukunyar, kana buƙatar zuba daskararren yumɓu (wanda zai zama magudanar ruwa), a samansa akwai babban dubawa daga cakuda ƙasa, yayin da ƙananan binciken ya kamata ya cika saman layin, ya bar kimanin 6 cm zuwa gefuna. Yayyafa tsaba a ƙasa mai ƙanshi, yadawa daidai kuma yayyafa ruwa da sauƙi.
Ba a ba da shawarar rufe tsaba da ƙasa, saboda suna buƙatar haske don girma. Don kafa lamba tare da ƙasa, kuna buƙatar ɗauka ɗauka da sauƙi danna kowane hatsi zuwa ƙasa.
Idan kuna sha'awar yadda ake shuka shukokin petunia ta hanyoyi masu sauƙi, allunan peat sun dace muku, ba kwantena ba. Dole ne a cika su da ruwan dumi, sannan a sanyaya. Seedsananan ƙwayoyin petunia ya kamata a saka su a hankali a cikin ƙananan ramuka tare da hanzaki.
Dole ne a rufe tsaba da aka dasa a cikin kwalaye ko allunan peat tare da gilashi don ba da damar oxygen, yayin riƙe babban zazzabi (sama da digiri 24) da matsakaicin matakin zafi.
Haɗin sabon ƙarni suna da damuwa musamman ga yanayin zafin jiki da danshi: basa girma a yanayin ƙarancin zafi, kuma a yanayin zafi mai yawa, suna zama masu saurin cutar ƙwayoyin cuta kuma suna shimfiɗawa.
Zaka iya ƙirƙirar tsayayyen danshi ta hanyar fesawa da ruwa tare da potassiumarin sanadarin kara sau 2 a rana. A karkashin wannan yanayin, petunia tana tsirowa a ranar 6. Da zaran farawar farko ta bayyana, dole ne a cire gilashin nan take. Wannan ya kamata a yi a hankali, hana bishiyoyi ba tare da tsari na mintina 7 sau 1 a kowace rana. Theara tazara kowane kwana 7 har sai da ganyaye na ainihi a buɗe a kan mai tushe - to dole ne a cire mafakar.
Godiya ga wannan fasaha, tsirrai sun daidaita da yanayin gida kuma sun zama masu ƙarfi. Ana juyar da tsirrai na petunia, waɗanda suke da nasu ganye, zuwa wani akwati dabam (idan da farko an shuka iri a cikin allunan peat, aikin yana sauƙaƙa sosai), misali, a cikin tabarau na filastik.
Nasiha! A cikin kwantena daban, zai zama da sauƙi ga shukar ta haɓaka, ta ƙara lafiya, sannan kuma zai zama da sauƙi a matsar da shi zuwa buɗaɗɗen ƙasa.

Cututtuka na yau da kullun da kwari

Mizanin gizo-gizo

Mites na microscopic suna ɓoyewa daga mai shayarwa tsawon rayuwarsu. Ana samun su ne kawai tare da bayyanar gizo da farin ɗigon farin ruwa. Lonungiyoyin irin waɗannan kwari na iya saurin tashi daga wannan fure zuwa wancan., cutar da komai a cikin tafarkinsa.

Alamomi:

Bayyanar yankuna na parasites a ƙarƙashin ƙasan ganye da samuwar yanar gizo.
A wani lokaci, an samar da daskararrun haske a saman launi, wanda a hankali yake girma cikin girma da kuma farin farin madogara. A sakamakon haka, ganyen ya bushe ya farfashe.

Matakan sarrafawa: wajibi ne a fesa tsire-tsire tare da tincture na dandelion na magani, yi amfani da acaricides (Neoron, Apollo, Demitan).

Tsawon lokaci

Waɗannan ƙananan kwari ne tare da jiki mai tsayi har zuwa 1.5 mm a tsayi., launin toka ko fari. Suna motsawa rukuni-rukuni da yawa kuma suna rayuwa a ciki da wajen ganye.

Alamomin kamuwa da cuta:

Thunƙwasawa akan petunias yana nuna ta raƙuman fari wanda aka kone akan ganyen.
Blooms da buds sun zama maras kyau kuma shuka ta fara bushewa.

Matakan sarrafawa: bi da fure tare da bioinsecticides, kamar, misali, Spintor-240, sanya kwari Aktara, Confidor, da sauransu.

Aphid

Wani rashin fahimta, amma maƙiyin haɗari na fure shine aphids... Yawancin nau'o'in aphids ɗari suna yin barazana ga petunias, kuma dole ne a yaƙi kowane ɗayansu "har zuwa ƙarshen jini."

Alamomin kamuwa da cuta:

An rufe sassan furannin da aphids ke shafawa da saukad da dew mai daɗi.
Bayan lokaci, an ƙara baƙar fata naman gwari a wuraren da abin ya shafa, kuma ganyen da ke cutar ya yi ta kewayawa.

Matakan sarrafawa: yi amfani da taimakon abokan gaba na aphids: ladybug, lacewing, hoverfly.

Mahimmanci! Ingantattun hanyoyin yaki da aphids sune abubuwan Aktara, Confidor.

Hanyoyin kiwo

Akwai hanyoyi guda uku don girma petunia:

Da taimakon tsirrai... Bayan sayan shirye-shirye da aka shirya, mai kula da lambu zai iya shuka su a cikin ƙasa mai dacewa kuma jira harbe. Wannan ita ce hanya mafi sauki, wacce ba ta buƙatar ƙimar gwaninta da lalata.Kamar yadda a ƙa'ida, ba yawancin lambu masu son iya siyan adadin shukar da ake buƙata ba.
Ta hanyar tsaba... Shuka petunia daga tsaba wani aiki ne mai wahalar gaske, koda na gogaggen mai kula da lambu, banda batun masu son mai son. Babban farashi ɗaya ne daga cikin raunin su, wanda aka haɓaka da gaskiyar cewa rabin noman da aka shuka zai iya mutuwa kawai.
Yankan... Daga cikin masu aikin lambu, yaduwar petunias ta hanyar yankan itace hanya mafi mashahuri kuma mai sauki wacce ake iya shuka shrub dinda ya dade yana fure. Tattalin arziki ne, mai sauƙi ne, kuma mai araha ne har ma da mafi ƙarancin masaniyar shuka. Yankewa shine noman tsire-tsire ta amfani da yankan, wato, harbi daga tsiron da ya riga ya fure. Tare da yanke yankan daidai kuma tare da kulawar harbi daidai, dammar girma kyakkyawar fure tana da girma sosai.

Fure kamar Petunia kowa ya sanshi. Za ku sami ƙananan lambu na lambu inda wannan tsiron ba zai yi ado ba. Ana shuka shi a cikin gadajen filawa, a tukwane, tukwane, har ma da aikin lambu a tsaye. A cikin labaranmu, muna so mu raba muku abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da amfani game da irin wadannan: nau'ikan cascading na Ramblin da Taydal, nau'ikan ampel - Wave da Opera, matasan da suka hada da - F1 Gioconda, Starry Sky, da kuma Grandiflora na shekara-shekara.

Kammalawa

Yakamata a gabatar da manyan kayan sati biyu bayan dasa. Da farko, ana amfani da spraying tare da takin mai magani kowane kwana 2, sauya cakuda na abubuwan kara kuzari da hadaddun ma'adinai da takin bitamin masu dauke da nitrogen. A nan gaba, zaku iya ƙara suturar sama don tsarin tushen.

Wasu ƙananan abubuwa don taimakawa girma kyakkyawan tsire-tsire: