Girma mai kyau a cikin hunturu: yadda ake yanke wardi lokacin sanyi lokacin ƙofar taga?
Sake haifuwa daga wardi ta hanyar yankan wani zabin abin dogaro ne, tunda wannan hanyar mai sauki ce kuma baya buƙatar ƙwarewa da masaniya ta musamman daga mai kayan masarufi, kuma hakan ma yana da inganci sosai: idan duk yanayin ya cika, toƙasassun yankan ya yi yawa sosai.
Bugu da kari, ana iya amfani da wannan hanyar don hayayyafa a kowane lokaci na shekara, koda a lokacin hunturu. Wannan shine abin da za'a tattauna a wannan labarin.
Menene dasawa?
Yankan hanya ce ta wucin gadi ta yaduwar tsire-tsire, wanda ake amfani da sassan da ya rabu da uwar shuka - yankan. Lokacin da aka yanke, ana samun shuke-shuke matasa tare da nasu tushen tsarin, wanda ke riƙe da dukkan halaye da kaddarorin samfurin iyaye.
tunani... Wadannan nau'ikan wardi na iya zama cikakke daga cuttings: duk ƙarami da polyanthus, yawancin hawa-hawa da hawa, nau'ikan shayi na hybrid, wardi na excelsa, Iceberg da Rosalind iri. Gyara da fure wardi an sare su da babbar wahala.
Lokacin da ya dace
Ana iya yanke wardi a kowane lokaci na shekara. Masu saro furanni galibi sukan yanke itacen yanka a lokacin rani. Amma lokacinda ya fi dacewa da yankan itace kaka.
Amma akwai yanayi lokacin da irin waɗannan samfuran suka faɗa hannun masoyin waɗannan furannin, abin da ya daɗe yana fata. Kuma ya riga ya yi sanyi a waje, kuma ba za a sami wata tambaya game da cikakken tushen tushen shukar ba. Sabili da haka, yana da ma'anar adana harbe har zuwa bazara.
Bambancin fasali na yankan hunturu
Ma'anar samar da yankan kafin hunturu shine adana yankan har zuwa bazara a yanayin iya ciyayi da rooting. Wannan daidai yake da kiyaye wariyar har zuwa bazara. Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don adanawa:
- kiyaye yankan a cikin ginshiki;
- a cikin firiji;
- a kan baranda mai kyalli;
- a kan windowsill mai sanyi
Ko kuma, kamar yadda ƙwarewar dogon lokaci na masu noman furanni ke nunawa, za ku iya ƙirƙirar nau'in ajiya don yankan dama a cikin ƙasa a sararin sama. A sauƙaƙe ana iya tono su cikin rami da aka haƙa na musamman, kuma za ku iya ƙirƙirar tsari na musamman - cuticle ("greenhouse sanyi").
Mahimmancin hanyar adana cuts a cikin firinji shine sanya yankakken yankan a cikin rigar auduga mai danshi ko takarda (a matsayin zabi - sphagnum gansakuka), wanda suke lullube da su, sannan kuma a sanya su a cikin jakar roba. Wurin ajiya - wani sashi a cikin firiji don kayan lambu.
tunani... Hakanan za'a iya sanya yankan a cikin peat mai laushi da yashi wanda aka zuba a cikin akwati kuma a ajiye shi a cikin ɗakin ginshiki.
Kuna iya adana yankan cut a baranda:
- saka su cikin guga;
- sanya jakar filastik a saman;
- rufe da kyau tare da barguna da jaket;
- sanya kumfa mai kwashewa a ƙarƙashin guga, a bar shi zuwa hunturu.
Don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai game da yadda ake kula da yankan lafiya cikin hunturu don dasa shuki, duba wani labarin.
Umarnin shuka
- Shirya kaya da kayan aiki... Don aiwatar da yankewa, za ku buƙaci wuka mai kaifi ko lambu mai laushi da giya, baƙin ƙarfe, kayan rufewa (agrofibre, lutrasil), fim ɗin filastik
- Shirye-shiryen ƙasa... Ga mai yanke, ya zama dole a haƙa rami ko rami mai zurfin 30 - 70. soilasa da aka fitar dole ne a haɗata da peat da yashi daidai gwargwado. Peat zai samar da sako-sako da kasar gona, da yaduwar iska, yashi zai inganta magudanar ruwa (fitowar ruwa mai yawa).
Humus, za a iya kara takin a cikin wannan hadin. Dole ne a rufe kasan cuticle tare da murfin yashi mai laushi (5 - 10 cm). A matsayin wani zaɓi: kasan ya cika da busassun rassa, ciyawa (20 cm), sannan layin peat (20 cm), sannan layin kasar takin (20 cm).
- Yankan yankan... Tushen da za'a sare cutan dole ne ya zama madaidaiciya, mai ƙarfi, ba tare da lalacewar ganuwa da cututtukan cututtuka ba.
Kaurinsu ya kai girman fensir (4-5 mm a diamita). Kowane ɗayan bishiyan an yanke shi cikin tsayi 20 - 25 cm.
Yanayi mai mahimmanci: akan kowane ɗayan waɗannan sassan ya zama akwai ƙodojin 3 - 5 masu haɓaka. Zai fi kyau kada a ɗauki ɓangaren sama na harbi, saboda ƙila ba ta daɗe ba.
Babbar da aka sare - madaidaiciya - an yi ta 2 - 3 cm a saman ƙodar ta sama, da ƙarami - a kusurwar digiri 45 - dama a ƙasan ƙananan ƙodar. Duk ganye da ƙayayuwa dole ne a cire su.
Hankali! Shuke-shuke na iya rasa danshi ta cikin ganyayyaki da ƙayoyi, wanda ke kawo matsala ga tsarin tushen sa cikin nasara.
- Sarrafa cutarwa... Yana da kyawawa idan aka bi da cuttings tare da tushen samuwar abubuwan kara kuzari (Kornevin, Ukorenit, Heteroauxin) kafin dasa shuki. Wasu masu shuka suna ba da shawarar sanya farkon harbin wardi na yini ɗaya a cikin ruwa tare da abin tsinkewa mai narkewa a ciki.
- Gyara... Dole ne a sanya danshi a cikin cuttings sosai kafin a dasa shukokin. Kowane yanki ana binne shi da 2/3 a cikin ƙasa, 1/3 na ɓangaren ya rage sama da farfajiyar. Ana gudanar da zurfafawa a kusurwar digiri 45 don haɓaka yankin sadarwar yankan tare da ƙasa. Tushen da ke kusa da tsiron an murƙushe shi da kyau don keɓe kwararar iska zuwa yanke. Nisa tsakanin harbin da aka dasa shine 10 - 15 cm.
- Saukowa... A lokacin bazara (Mayu), dole ne a dasa itacen yankakke zuwa wuri na dindindin. Mafi kyaun wuri don fure shine fili, wuri mai haske, ba tare da zane ba da ruwan karkashin kasa kusa da saman duniya. Dole ne a cire shukokin a hankali daga yankan tare da dunkulen dunkulen dunkulalen da aka kafa a kusa da tushen sai a dasa shi a cikin ramin dasa tattalin.
Carearin kulawa
An sanya rassan ko rassan spruce a kan shukokin, an gina ɗakuna a saman, akan abin da aka huda kayan abin rufewa, sannan fim ɗin filastik da kuma rassa da rassa a saman. Ruwan da aka dasa a cikin wannan hanya zai iya damuna cikin nutsuwa, kuma a lokacin bazara sun riga sun kafa tubercles na asali.
A cikin bazara, ya kamata a buɗe irin wannan yankan a hankali: da farko, cire dusar ƙanƙara, to, yayin da take ɗumi, cire rassan da rassan spruce, daga baya kuma buɗe kayan suturar. Da zaran tsirrai matasa sun saba da sabon yanayin, ana iya dasa su a wurare na dindindin..
Matsaloli da hanyoyin magance su
Ba za a sami matsaloli da matsaloli tare da yankewa ba idan an cika dukkan yanayi. Kuma mafi mahimmanci daga cikinsu shine rufi mai inganci don hunturu. Idan mai sayad da furannin ya yi kasala don rufe cutan da kayan rufewa, ko polyethylene, ko rassan, to, matasa da samari da ba su balaga ba za su mutu kawai.
Wani mahimmin mahimmanci shine cikawar yankan tare da substrate. Rose fure ne mai tsire-tsire, yana buƙatar abubuwan gina jiki don tushen. Za a samar masu da humus, takin gargajiya. Amma ƙarin zafin za a bayar da ciyawa, rassan da aka jefa zuwa kasan yankan. An yi imanin cewa lokacin da aka ruɓe shi a hankali, ƙwayoyin halitta zasu haifar da ɗan ƙaramin zafi.
Kuma, a ƙarshe, don shuka ta gaba ta kasance mai ƙarfi, mai yiwuwa, ba tare da raunuka masu cutar ba, dole ne a zaɓi harbe lafiya don grafting, kuma kayan aikin da aka sare su da cutarwa dole ne a bi da su tare da maganin antiseptic.
Duk da cewa a cikin hunturu yawancin shuke-shuke suna wucewa a lokacin da suke kwana, rayuwa ta harzuka karkashin dumi mai yanki na cuticle, wanda sakamakonsa na iya farantawa mai tsire shi a bazara har ma ya fi haka a lokacin rani, yayin fure da kanshin turaren da aka dade ana jira - wardi.