Fasali da dabarun noma na ɓarkewar burodi a cikin fili. Rigakafin matsaloli masu yuwuwa
A Rasha, parsnip an ɗan ɗan manta shi, amma a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata wannan kayan lambu ya fara “sabuwar rayuwa”. Saboda dandano mai daɗin yaji, ana ƙara amfani dashi don shirya jita-jita na asali. Wannan kayan lambu kuma sananne ne a masana'antar likitanci (mai amfani ga tsarin narkewa da juyayi, kuma ana amfani dashi azaman diuretic, mai rage zafi, tonic).
A gida, ana iya soyayyen kayan lambun parsnip, a dafa shi, a dafa shi, a dafa shi, a daskarar da shi. Ganyen ya bushe ko kuma ya yi amfani da ɗanye azaman kayan ƙanshi.
Yadda za a zabi nau'in tsire-tsire daidai?
Akwai nau'ikan parsnips da yawa, wanda ya banbanta da juna ta launin asalin amfanin gona, girma da dandano. Sabili da haka, don yin zaɓin da ya dace, dole ne ku fara yanke shawara kan yadda zaku yi amfani da shi.
- Idan kun shirya ƙara shi danye zuwa salatin ko shirya kwasa-kwasan na biyu, to ya fi kyau ku ɗauki nau'ikan "Hormone". Naman sa fari ne, tsayayye kuma mai kamshi.
- Don kayan marmari, sun zaɓi "Gladiator" ko "Guernsey" saboda ɗanɗano mai ɗanɗano.
- Zai fi kyau a sanya Harris Model a cikin miya mai tsafta, yana da tsari mai laushi sosai kuma yana tafasa sosai. A wannan yanayin, ba kwa buƙatar ƙara ƙarin gari ko sitaci.
- A likitancin, nau'ikan da aka fi amfani da su shine "Petrik". Yana da jure cuta kuma yana da amfani mai kyau.
Bugu da kari, ana iya raba dukkan nau'ikan kwatankwacin lokacin girbi na tushen amfanin gona.
| Furewa da wuri (har zuwa kwanaki 120) | Matsakaicin lokacin girma (kwanaki 120-140) | Bushewa (fiye da kwanaki 140) |
| Zagaye | Petrik | Guernsey |
| Shugaba | Mafi kyau duka | Dalibi |
| Boris | Gladiator | |
| Hormone | Abinci | |
| Farar farar fata | Zuciya |
Mafi shahararrun nau'ikan sune Round and Best of All... Suna da yawan amfanin ƙasa (har zuwa 4 kilogiram a kowace sq.m.) kuma ba su da ƙima - an girma su a cikin Rasha.
Umarnin mataki zuwa mataki: yadda ake shuka kayan lambu?
Bugu da ari, ana ba da labarin game da fasahar noma da hanyoyin noman tsire-tsire a cikin fili.
Ta hanyar shuka
Lokacin da burin shine samun fruitsa fruitsan da wuri-wuri ko kuma bazara mai tsayi, masu lambu suna shirya parsnip seedlings.
- Ban da ƙasa, an saka sandan yashi a cikin kofuna iri don ƙasa ta yi sako-sako da.
- Ana shuka tsaba a nesa na 2 cm daga farfajiya kuma ana shayar da shi sosai da ruwa.
- Yakamata a dasa shuki a karkashin fitila tsawon awanni 14 a rana a zafin jiki na +20 digiri.
- Bayan wata guda, saiwar sun shirya don dasawa zuwa buɗaɗɗen ƙasa.
Lokacin dasa shuki, ana nitsar da tsire a cikin ƙasa tare da ƙasa daga ƙoƙon don kada ya lalata tushen.
Mafi kyaun wuri don parsnips shine inda dankali, karas, da tumatir suka girma a da. Ya kamata ƙasa ta zama sako-sako da ƙwaro.
Tushen parsnips kayan lambu ne masu matukar son danshi. Sabili da haka, dole ne a yawaita shayar dashi akai-akai kuma a sassauta shi domin hana daskarewa na ruwa.
An ciyar da parsnips a matakai 4:
- Mako guda bayan saukar da shukokin. Ana amfani da takin zamani mai dauke da sinadarin nitrogen.
- Bayan makonni 2 zamu maimaita aikin.
- A tsakiyar bazara, ana amfani da taki tare da phosphorus da potassium.
- Toparshen tufafi na ƙarshe tare da takin gargajiya ɗaya ana yi bayan makonni 3.
Ba za a buƙaci wannan zaɓin ciyarwar ba idan ƙasar ta dace da kyau a cikin faduwar da ta gabata.
Shuka iri kai tsaye cikin ƙasa
An dasa tsaba parsnip a buɗaɗɗen ƙasa a tsakiyar lokacin bazaralokacin da iska ta riga ta warmed har zuwa + digiri 15.
- Kafin shuka, ana ba da shawarar a ajiye su na ɗan lokaci a cikin rigar yafa ko auduga don su yi taushi. Zaka iya amfani da ruwa tare da haɓakar haɓakar girma. Wannan shi ne saboda parsnips suna jinkirin fitowa kuma ba duk iri zasu sami tushe a cikin ƙasa mai yawa ba.
- A cikin yankin da aka tona, ana yin tsaka-tsakin da zurfin cm 2-3. Nisan da ke tsakanin su bazai zama kasa da 20 cm ba, don kada 'ya'yan itatuwa su tsoma baki tare da weeds da ci gaban juna.
- Ana zuba tsaba a ci gaba da tube cikin ƙasa mai daƙiƙiya kuma an rufe shi da ƙasa.
Lokacin dasa shuki, zaka iya amfani da toka diluted cikin ruwa tare da ma'adanai.
Rufe yankin da aka shuka tare da fim yana da sakamako mai kyau a kan ƙwayar shukar (da kofuna waɗanda suke da tsire-tsire). Amma kuna buƙatar ɗaga shi na minti 20 sau ɗaya a rana.
Bayan germination na harbe, da farko thinning da weeding aka yi. Nisa tsakanin ganye an bar shi cm 5. A lokacin sirrin na biyu, lokacin da harbe-harben suka kai 10 cm, tazarar da ke tsakanin su tana ƙaruwa zuwa 15 cm.
Ganyen Parsnip yana dauke da enzyme wanda, lokacin da rana ke aiki, na iya kona fata. Sabili da haka, ana cire ciyawar da safe ko yamma kuma kawai tare da safofin hannu.
Kuskuren shuka da gyaran jiki da yadda za'a shawo kan su?
- Tsaba don dasa shuki ta kowace hanya dole ne ya zama sabo. Don tabbatar da ingancin tsaba, zaka iya shuka su da kanka. Don yin wannan, don lokacin hunturu, an bar amfanin gona da yawa a cikin ƙasa, wanda a lokacin bazara suka fantsama, ruwa, sako da sassauta ƙasa kewaye. Lokacin da lamuran shukar suka yi launin ruwan kasa, lokaci yayi da za'a tattara irin.
Bushewa abu ne mai mahimmanci. Tare da aiki mai kyau, tsaba suna riƙe da ikon ba da 'ya'ya na tsawon shekaru 1-2.
- Saboda mummunan tsire-tsire, kana buƙatar ɗaukar tsaba da yawa.
- Kafin shuka a buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, kuna buƙatar cancantar tsabtace ƙasa daga ciyawa da asalinsu.
- Moisturearancin danshi na ƙasa. A lokacin fari, kasar gona tana kara karfi tana tsoma baki tare da ci gaban tushen amfanin gona (tsirewar tsaba, tsiro). Kari akan haka, idan akwai karancin ruwa, to shuka tana zuwa kibiyar.
- Ba za ku iya amfani da taki don ciyarwa ba. Takin ruwa kawai ya dace da parsnips. Misali, ana narkar da mullein da ruwa a cikin rabo 1: 5.
Girbi da ajiya
An girbe shi a kaka... Muna buƙatar kamawa da farkon sanyi. Ana amfani da farar fuka don tono kayan lambu domin kada su lalata su. Daga nan sai a sare saman kayan kuma su bushe.
Ana ajiye parsnips a digiri 0-1. Suna amfani da kwalaye a cikin ginshiki. A cikinsu, an tara jijiyoyi a ƙasa, kuma an zuba yashi mai laima a saman.
Matan gida kan daskare parsnips... Don yin wannan, sai a wankeshi, a bare shi, a yanka shi a yanka a sanya shi a cikin buhu.
A madadin, zaku iya bushe shi da kanku.
- Ya kamata a goge kayan kwalliyar da kayan kwalliyar da tawul na takarda, a yanyanka su gunduwa-gunduwa sannan a aika zuwa tanda (tsawon lokacin aikin ya dogara da girman ɓangarorin da nau'ikan parsnips)
- An sanya sassan da aka sanyaya a cikin kwalba kuma an rufe su da murfi da murfi.
Idan babu wata hanyar da za'a adana parsnips a gida, to, a bar shi a cikin ƙasa don hunturu, bayan da a baya ya hau shi.
Cututtuka da kwari
Kamar sauran kayan lambu da aka girma a tsakiyar Rasha, parsnips suna ƙarƙashin cututtukan fungal daban-daban.
- Cercoporosis. Saboda wannan naman gwari, raƙuman rawaya suna bayyana akan ganyayyaki da mai tushe, wanda tsawon lokaci yana ƙaruwa cikin girma da duhu. A mafi yawan lokuta, tattalin ƙasa mara kyau kafin shuki yana haifar da bayyanarsa (ba a cire ragowar tsire gaba ɗaya).
- Fomoz... Tare da wannan cutar, tabo mai launin toka ya bayyana a kan asalinsu. Wanne, bayan ɗan lokaci, ya zama an rufe shi da ɗigon baki kuma ya zama baƙin ciki. Daga bisani, naman gwari ya ratsa cikin kayan lambu sosai. Phomosis yana faruwa lokacin da parsnips ba a adana su da kyau.
- Red rot... Tushen amfanin gona yana rashin lafiya daga naman gwari. Wurare masu launin toka mai duhu tare da dige ja sun bayyana akan kayan lambun da abin ya shafa. Daga sama an rufe su da furanni. Ganye tare da wannan cutar da sauri ya zama rawaya.
- Alternaria... Yana faruwa yayin adana parsnips. Waɗannan baƙin baƙi ne a kan asalinsu da kuma launin ruwan kasa akan ganye da tushe. Lokacin da baki ya ruɓe shi, kayan lambu ya bushe da sauri, kuma tare da danshi mai ƙarfi sai ya rufe shi da farin duhu.
Kwari ma suna cutar da farjin.
- Asu laima... Wannan malam buɗe ido mai launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa yana sanya ƙwai kai tsaye a kan furannin parsnip. Caterpillars din da suka bayyana ja a cikin farin ɗari sun kai tsayin cm 1.5. Suna cin furanni da seedsa .a.
- Asu asu... Girmansa yakai cm 2.5. Caterpillars masu launin toka ne masu ratsin lemu na gefe, tsawon su cm 2. Suna cin wurare a cikin ganyayyaki da tushe na shukar kuma suna pupate acan.
- Karas ya tashi... Baki tare da jan kai. Babban mutum yakai cm 0.5. Theyan tsutsar da aka ajiye a cikin ƙasa suna cutar da tushen amfanin gona, suna cin hanyoyin da ke ciki. A lokaci guda, ganye ya zama ruwan hoda.
- Karas lily... Jiki kore ne tare da fuka-fuki masu haske, idanuwa jajaye ne. Tsawon cm 1.6. Yana tsotse ruwan itace daga shukar domin ganyayyakin sai su yankashi su bushe.
Rigakafin matsaloli daban-daban
Don kaucewa lalacewar ganyayyaki da tushen parsnips, ya kamata a ɗauki matakan kariya masu zuwa:
- sako gadaje akai-akai;
- tattara tsaba kamar yadda ake buƙata (ko da a kan kayan lambu da aka dasa a kusa, tsaba na iya yin baƙi a lokaci ɗaya, amma tare da bambancin 'yan kwanaki);
- cire ganyen da abin ya shafa;
- kada ku dasa parsnips shekara-shekara a wuri guda, amma ku canza tare da wasu kayan lambu;
- lokaci-lokaci suna yayyafa hanyoyin da yashi;
- kafin dasa parsnips, ya kamata a haƙa ƙasa sosai;
- ciyar da takin mai magani don wannan kayan lambu;
- liming acidic ƙasa.
Parsnips ba shi da kyau kuma yana da sauƙin girma, yayin da yake keɓaɓɓen samfur tare da kaddarorin masu amfani. Ya ƙunshi yawancin bitamin da ma'adanai, ƙimar abincinsa shine 75 kcal / 100 g. Wadannan halaye sun dawo da kayan lambu kamar yadda yake a da kuma suna taimakawa wajen gano sabbin hanyoyin amfani da shi da kuma bunkasa wasu nau'o'in.