Kula da bishiyar begonia: yadda ake shuka tsire-tsire a cikin gida da waje?
Ana kiran shuke-shuke da wannan nau'in "har abada" ko "ya taba yin furanni", kuma begonias da gaske suna rayuwa har zuwa waɗannan sunayen.
A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, tsarin samar da fure yana kasancewa duk shekara.
Wadannan furannin suna da launuka iri-iri, fasalin ganye da furanni wanda yasa mutumin da ya ba su mamaki a karon farko ba zai fahimci cewa wannan shuka iri ɗaya ce ba.
A Ingila, ana kiran furen "wax begonia", saboda kebantaccen yanayin ganye.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
A karo na farko, an ga begonia mai ado a cikin Berlin, a cikin lambun kayan lambu. An kawo ta daga Brazil a 1821. Daga wannan kwanan wata, noman tsire-tsire ya fara. Daga baya, daya bayan daya, sabbin kwayoyin halitta da jinsuna sun bayyana. Abin la'akari masu shayarwa a Denmark da Faransa sun ba da gudummawa ga "haɓaka" na begonia.
Yawancin matasan da aka haifa a wancan lokacin suna samun aikace-aikacen su a yau. Misali, ana amfani da Philippe begonia tare da furanni masu ruwan hoda don kawata kan iyakoki, kuma ana amfani da dogayen jinsin begonias a shimfidar shimfidar birane. A yanzu haka, kimiyya ta san fiye da nau'ikan 600 na furannin begonias. Tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire shine hadadden matasan. An yi amfani da nau'ikan da yawa a cikin aikin samarwa.
Tsirrai daji ne, mai tsayin 40 cm. Ganyayyaki suna da haske mai ban mamaki na ban mamaki, inuwansu ya bambanta, jere daga koren kore zuwa burgundy, launin ruwan kasa. Yankin ganye yana zagaye da kuma rashin daidaituwa.
Furannin ƙananan ƙanana ne, amma suna da yawa. Launi fari ne, rawaya, lemu, apricot, ruwan hoda, mulufi, ja. Siffar ta yi kama da inflorescences na peonies, wardi. Abubuwan inflorescences suna da rubutu sau biyu da sauƙi.
Iri-iri
Flowering begonia hybrids sun ƙunshi nau'ikan iri daban-daban., wanda ya banbanta launi, siffar ganye da furanni, tsawon lokacin furanni, girman girma. Game da ma'auni na ƙarshe, ana rarraba tsirrai ta tsayi:
- Varietiesananan iri-iri "Albert Martin", "Bicola", "Bella".
- Matsakaicin matsakaici "Karmen", "Othello".
- Tall "Alba", "Kathe Teisher".
Albert Martin:
Bicola:
Bella:
Karmen:
Othello:
Alba:
Kathe Teisher:
Na dabam, Ina so in haskaka ire-iren furannin terry begonia masu ɗorewa. Yana jawo hankali na musamman, sun ce wannan tsiron yana da sihiri sihiri. Waje Terry begonia itace mai tsaka-tsakin shuke-shuke da adonnun ganyaye da yawa.
Furen furanni ne masu ɗauke da launuka iri-iri. Yankin Terry na musamman tare da kwane-kwane, saboda abin da begonia ta sami irin wannan suna, ya sa ya zama mafi kyau kuma a lokaci guda yana ba da wani hali. Terry begonias suma masu zane-zane suna son shi, galibi suna ƙara kayan fure suna ba shi "babban matsayin". Kuna iya samun ƙarin bayani game da menene terry begonia, yadda ake ma'amala da shuka da kulawa a gida.
Hoto
Hoton talakawa da terry begonia da aka girma a gida an gabatar da su a ƙasa.
Na yau da kullum:
Makhovaya:
Dokokin kulawa
An yi girma iri-iri masu ado a gida da kuma a fili. Wasu sigogi suna da mahimmanci ga kowane yanayi.
Shuke-shuke na gida
Suna buƙatar bi ka'idodi masu zuwa:
Zazzabi
Bloonia mai ba da gudummawa, tare da duk cancantarta, tana da koma baya - thermophilicity. A lokacin rani, yanayin ɗakin ya zama cikin + 20-24 ° С. A lokacin hunturu, sigogin da ake buƙata sune + 18-20 ° С. Hakanan ya kamata a cire zane, musamman yayin samun iska. Zazzabi na + 16 ° C yana ɗauka mara kyau ga fure.
Mahimmanci! Yakamata a kiyaye daji daga zafin rana, da kuma tushen sa daga hypothermia.
Haskaka
Har ila yau, har abada suna da saurin jure rani, zafi. Kasancewar haske mai haske yana da mahimmanci a gare su. Koyaya, tabbatar da yanayin iska mai kyau a cikin ɗakin. Don ingantaccen abun ciki, Yakamata a sanya begonias akan tagogin da ke fuskantar gabas da yamma. A cewar masu lambu da yawa, begonias sun isa na awanni 8 na lokutan hasken rana don cikakken ci gaba.
Ya kamata a ba da hankali ga bayyanar shukar, tare da ƙarancin haske, launin furen ya zama mai paler, kuma ƙananan maganganu sun fi ƙanƙanta. Sabili da haka, lokacin canza bayyanar fure, yana iya zama dole don haɗa ƙarin haske, musamman a lokacin hunturu.
Zafi
Begonia, kodayake ana kiwo a yanayi mai yanayi, kuma magabatanta sun fito ne daga ƙasashe masu ƙarancin ra'ayi, inda yanayin ke da zafi kuma yana da danshi sosai. Don haka tare da busasshiyar iska a ɗaka, tsiron ya fara bushewa, ganye ya bushe.
Mafi ƙarancin iyaka don zafi a cikin ɗaki ya kamata a kiyaye shi a 60%. Kada a fesa ganyen da ruwa.
Asa da abubuwan da ake buƙata
A farkon kowace shekara, kafin lokacin haɓaka girma, ana dasa begonia. A lokaci guda, an yanke ta kuma an dasa ta a cikin ƙasa da wadatar ma'adinai. Bayan wannan, ana ciyar da su a kai a kai, ana shayar da su sosai kuma ana ajiye su a kan windowsill mai haske. Don shirya ƙasa, ɗauki daidai naman sod, ƙasa mara yanke da yashi.
Don kauce wa ci gaban cututtukan fungal da aka gabatar tare da ƙasa, dole ne kowane ɗakunansa ya kasance cikin ƙwanƙwasa na tsawon minti 30. Perlite ko vermiculite suna aiki da kyau kamar foda yin burodi..
Kar a manta da zancen magudanan ruwa, wanda zai iya adana tsire-tsire idan ana ruwa. An fi son ƙananan begonias. Bayan haka, tsire-tsire yana da tsarin tushen da bai inganta ba, wanda da wuya ya rufe sararin da aka shirya masa. Sabon tukunyar ya zama ya fi na 1-2 girma fiye da tsohuwar.
Detailsarin bayani game da yadda ake dasa bishiyar begonia koyaushe da kulawa da ita a gida da filin buɗewa anan.
Shayarwa
A shuka ba ya bukatar m watering. A lokacin rani, kuna buƙatar ruwa lokacin da aka rufe ƙasa a cikin tukunyar fure da busasshiyar ɓawon burodi. Ana yin wannan a hankali don kar yawan danshi ya hau kan ganyen. Tare da yawan ruwa, aikin lalacewa yana farawa. Ruwa don ban ruwa ya zama mai laushi, mai tsabta, mara tsabta da gishiri.
Shuke-shuke yana da matukar zafi wanda har ya kamata a shayar da shi da ruwan dumi.
Top miya
Ofaya daga cikin sharuɗɗan kulawa mai ma'ana shine abinci mai gina jiki na shuka tare da abubuwa masu amfani. Furewar begonias a kai a kai na buƙatar ciyarwa, saboda tana ciyar da kuzari da yawa a lokacin tsawon samuwar toho da furan kanta. A wannan lokacin, ana buƙatar takin mai ma'adinai tare da rinjaye na potassium da phosphorus.
Ba a cire hunturu ba. Akwai takin zamani na musamman don furannin hunturu akan siyarwa. A lokacin bazara, yayin ci gaba, ya kamata a ƙara hadaddun ma'adanai.
Ya kamata a zabi takin mai magani don nau'in furannin ado. Shirye-shiryen "Zircon", "Jagora don tsire-tsire masu furanni", "Epin" ba su da kyau. Mahimmanci. Kafin amfani da taki, dole ne a jika ƙasa. In ba haka ba, asalin furen na iya karɓar ƙonewar sinadarai.
A cikin filin bude
Ganye mai tsire-tsire begonia yana girma a waje a titi. Furen zai ji daɗi a cikin inuwar shrubs ko bishiyoyi... Amma ko da a cikin buɗaɗɗun wuri, gadajen furanni za su nuna kyawawan halayensu da kyau, waɗanda 'yan lambu ke yaba wa. Soilasar ta fi son sako-sako, mai numfashi, ba mai tsami ba. Yana buƙatar matsakaiciyar shayarwa, kuma a lokacin bazara ya zama dole don moisturize kowace rana.
Bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa, yana da mahimmanci ciyar dashi kowane sati biyu tare da takin ma'adinai da na takin gargajiya. A cikin filin budewa, ciyawa na iya tsoma baki tare da cikakken ci gaba. Suna buƙatar kullun da aka kwance a kusa da furannin.
Mahimmanci! Begonia tana jin tsoron yanayin sanyi, koda ƙananan sanyi suna lalata mata, sabili da haka, tare da farkon kaka, ya kamata a tura shuka zuwa ɗaki mai dumi da haske.
Kiwo
Hybrids na wannan nau'ikan tare da sauƙi, fure masu santsi suna yaduwa ta hanyar iri.... 'Ya'yan ba su da yawa, saboda haka zaku iya haɗa su da yashi ku shuka. Tsarin shuka shi kansa yakamata ya fara a ƙarshen Fabrairu.
Ana shuka tsaba a cikin akwati tare da ƙasa mai dumi. Sa'an nan dan kadan moisten, rufe da gilashi ko m fim. A zazzabi na + 22-24 ° C, ƙwayoyi zasu bayyana a cikin makonni 2-3.
Da farko, suna bunkasa a hankali, kuma kan lokaci, cikin sauri da sauri. Don hanzarta aiwatar da ci gaba, yana da kyau a ƙara dasa shuki. Ana dasa harbe-harbe matasa a cikin ƙasa a ƙarshen daren sanyi, lokacin da zai kasance da dumi koyaushe. Kimanin makonni 18-20 bayan dasa shuki, shukar ta fara fure.
Wata hanya don kiwo begonias shine cuttings. A farkon bazara, kafin farkon yanayin girma, ana yanke begonias. Tushen harbawa ana magance shi tare da ƙwayoyi don motsa tushen samuwar, wanda zai hanzarta ci gaban asalinsu. Sannan ana sanya su a cikin ruwa ko ƙasa.
Yana da daraja samar da cuttings tare da tasirin greenhouse. Ya kamata su kasance a cikin ɗakin jiki tare da zafin jiki wanda bai ƙasa da + 20 ° C. Lokacin da tushen suka ƙyanƙyashe, ana iya dasa shukar cikin tukwane.
Kuna iya samun ƙarin bayani game da haifuwar begonia mai ɗorewa da kuma kulawar fure anan.
Matsaloli da ka iya faruwa
Duk wani mai sayar da furanni ya san cewa ko da kuwa iri iri ne, fure tana buƙatar ido da ido, in ba haka ba ba za ku sami matsala ba. Babban dalilin wannan shine yanayi mara kyau na shuka.
Nasihu sun bushe da farko, sannan gaba dayan takardar - begonias basu da isasshen danshi a cikin ƙasa da cikin iska. Ya cancanci kafa shayarwa na yau da kullun da kuma ƙona ɗakin.
- Launi mai launi, harbe-harbe don haske nuna rashin hasken rana.
- Idan ganyen curls yayi duhuWannan yana nufin begonias sun rasa abubuwan gina jiki.
- Lalacewar tushen tsarin, kara, ganye yayi magana game da yawan danshi, wanda ke haifar da ci gaban cutar fungal, launin toka. Don magance wannan lamarin, yi amfani da mafita na musamman na kayan gwari, da ruwa na 1% na Bordeaux.
- Ciwon ƙwayoyin cuta - wannan cutar tana da hadari ga begonias. An dasa shukar da wuraren da ruwa yake ruwa, wanda ba da daɗewa ba ya zama ruwan kasa, kuma ƙananan fure da harbe-harbe sun zama baƙi. Don magance irin wannan cutar, ana kula da ƙasa tare da ƙwayoyin cuta.
- Babban zafi da rashin cikakken iska haifar da ci gaban fure-furen foda, wanda yake sanye da farin furanni akan ganyen Begonia. Idan ba a dauki matakan a kan lokaci ba, shukar, farawa daga ganye, ta bushe. Tare da irin wannan masifa, ana kuma kula dasu tare da taimakon kayan gwari.
Kwari kamar su aphids da gizo-gizo mites na iya haifar da ƙananan matsaloli ga begonias.... Suna ciyar da ruwan itace. Kwari suna gefen ganye. Zaka iya cire su ta hanyar kula da ganye tare da maganin sabulu na taba ko chamomile. Hakanan, ingantaccen magani don yaƙar su shine shirye-shiryen maganin ƙwari. Gudanar da hanyoyin kawar da kwari masu cutarwa har sai sun bace gaba daya.
Kayan kwalliyar begonias masu ban sha'awa sune shuke-shuke masu ban sha'awa. Abu daya ne ke tayar da hankali - ba su da tsawon rai. Bayan shekaru da yawa, shukar ta yi asarar kayan adonta. Wannan yana nufin cewa furen ya kamata a sake sabunta shi a kai a kai, kuma kada ku ji tsoron ninka. Kuma a sa'an nan, begonia za ta yi farin ciki da kyawawan ƙa'idodinta.