"Daga saman zuwa tushen" - abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da sarrafa gwoza sukari

Sugar gwoza (Beta vulgaris saccharifera L.) itace tushen kayan lambu mai dauke da babban abun ciki (har zuwa 20%) na sucrose, wanda yasa ya zama mafi mahimmancin amfanin gona na masana'antu don samar da sukari.

Sharar da aka samu daga sarrafa sukarin gwoza shima yana da daraja kuma ana amfani dashi a masana'antar abinci, a kiwon dabbobi da takin kasar gona, wanda yake inganta haihuwa da tsari. Don ƙarin bayani game da amfani da tushen amfanin gona, duba labarin.

A cikin waɗanne masana'antu kuma yaya ake sarrafa kayan lambu a cikin Rasha?

Yin amfani da sukari gwoza yana da yawa.

Ana amfani dashi a:

• samar da sukari;
• Masana'antar Abinci;
• kiwon dabbobi;
• magunguna;
• makamashi.

Babban mahimmanci shine akan samar da sukari. Ana amfani da ɓarnar da aka ƙirƙira yayin aikin samarwa a cikin aikin noma don samar da abinci.

A cikin masana'antar abinci - don samar da yisti da barasa. Ta amfani da nau'o'in ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, ana samun lactic da citric acid - albarkatun ƙasa don masana'antar abinci da magunguna. Monosodium glutamate, bitamin, streptomycin da penicillins suma sun cancanci aiwatar da wannan al'ada.

A bangaren makamashi, sukari gwoza yana aiki azaman madadin tushen biogas - methane. Ton tan na sukari gwoza yana samarda kimanin mitakyub na mita 80 na biomethane, tan 1 na sama, don kwatankwacin - 84 m³.

1 kilogiram na tushen amfanin gona ya ƙunshi 0.25, kuma a saman - 0.20 kayan abinci, wanda yayi daidai da 0.25 da 0.2 kilogiram na hatsi.

Don kwatancen: 1 kilogiram na hatsi za a iya canzawa cikin jikin dabba zuwa 150 g na mai.

Aiwatar da sassa daban-daban na kayan lambu

Komai yana da mahimmanci a cikin wannan tushen amfanin gona - "daga saman zuwa tushe". A yayin aiwatar da girbi, ana sare saman da adana su, waɗanda sai a aika su zuwa abincin dabbobi. Saboda wannan, ana sarrafa yawancinsa zuwa silage (fermented). Wani ɓangare na ƙwayar kore an bushe kuma an matse shi don ƙarin ajiya da amfani.

Tushen kayan lambu da kansa shine babban albarkatun kasa don samar da sukari. A cikin aikin samarwa, ban da cirewa na sukari da canza shi zuwa samfurin da muka saba da shi, ana samun kwakwalwan gwoza da ƙaramin ruwan sukari, wanda ake amfani da shi don ci gaba da aiki.

Tushen kayan lambu

Dalilin haɓaka ƙwayoyin sikari shine don samun sikari da kayayyakin masarufi. Fasahar samar da sikari mai sarkakiya ce kuma mai wadatar albarkatu.

Kafin fitowar kai tsaye na sikari da kayan masarufi, dole ne a shirya albarkatun ƙasa yadda ya kamata - a wanke, a gyara su.

Magana! Adadin ruwan da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin zagayen wankin amfanin gona ya fara daga 60% zuwa 100% na nauyinsu.

Daga asalin albarkatu yayin aiwatar dasu suna samun:

• sukari;
• ɓangaren litattafan almara

Yin amfani da saman

Gwoza fi samfurin abinci ne mai daraja. Ya ƙunshi har zuwa 20% kwayoyin bushe, game da furotin 3%, mai da bitamin. 100 kilogiram na haulm kusan raka'a 20 ne. Levelananan matakin abun ciki na fiber yana ba da damar amfani dashi wajen ciyar da ba kawai shanu ba, har ma da aladu.

Wannan koren taro (dauke da ganyayyaki, sama da tukwici na tushen amfanin gona) ana amfani dashi don ciyarwar dabbobi ta hanyoyi da yawa:

• sabo;
• a cikin sila;
• bushe.

Yana da kyau a samar da gari daga sama. Don yin wannan, an niƙa shi kuma an bushe shi a cikin busassun ganguna. Tsayawa da yawan zafin jiki har zuwa 95 ° C yana ba ka damar adana bitamin da rage asarar ƙwayoyin abu. 1kg kayan bushe yayi daidai da abinci 0.7. raka'a kuma har zuwa 140 g na furotin. Irin waɗannan alamun suna ba da damar maye gurbin kwata na abinci mai ɗorewa tare da gari daga sama.

Samar da sikari, bagasse da sauran sharar gida

Babban samfurin sarrafa gwoza shine samar da sukari. Ana samun kilogiram 160 na sukari daga tan 1 na gwoza.

Baya ga sukari, yawan amfanin gonar ya dogara da yawan sikari na tushen amfanin gona, yanayi da tsawon lokacin adanawa, akwai barna mai yawa, wasu ana mayar da wasu don karin samar da sukari, sauran kuma ana aika su ne don karin sarrafawa don bukatun kiwon dabbobi (ɓangaren litattafan almara), sauran - don amfani da abinci, samar da makamashi da magunguna. masana'antu.

Waɗannan kayayyakin sune:

• ɓangaren litattafan almara;
• pectin;
• molasses (molasses);
• najasa lemun tsami.

Kayan fasaha

Samun sukari daga sukari gwoza tsari ne mai hadadden tsari, ma'anar shi shine:

1. Samun syrup... A wannan matakin, an nike tarin kayan amfanin gona na asali zuwa yanayin shavings kuma an aika zuwa kayan aikin yadawa. Yayin jiyya tare da ruwan zafi, ana wanke ruwan bazawa daga cikin taro. Launi ne mai duhu kuma ya ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na ballast inclusions.

   Don samun syrup da kuma kara karawa, an bayyana shi kuma an tsarkake shi da madara na lemun tsami da carbon dioxide. Sannan ruwan 'ya'yan yana daskarewa a cikin shuke-shuke da ruwa da sukari tare da wadataccen abun cikin sikari.

2. Samun sukari... Hanyar samun sukari yana faruwa ne lokacin da syrup din ya ratsa ta cikin kayan aiki da kuma kara fadadawa, inda ake cire danshi mai yawa kuma aikin kristallization ke gudana. Na gaba yana zuwa tsarin bushewa da tattara kayan ƙarshe.
3. Samar da Pectin... Pectins sune polysaccharides acidic na asalin tsire-tsire waɗanda masana'antar abinci ke amfani da su - azaman masu tsara tsari, masu kauri, haka kuma a fannin likitanci da ilimin kantin magani - azaman abubuwa masu aikin likita.

   Ana samun Pectin daga ɓangaren litattafan almara na gwoza da maganin yaduwa. Don wannan ɓangaren litattafan almara an saka shi zuwa hakar ta biyu, ruwan da aka samu bayan an latsa an haɗe shi da maganin farko kuma ana amfani da wannan cakuɗin don samun pectins.

   Ingancin pectins da aka samo daga ɓangaren litattafan beet yana da girma, tun da suna da kyakkyawan ƙarfin sihiri, kodayake basu da ƙarfi a cikin ƙarfin iyawa ga takwarorin apple da citrus.

Me zaka samu a gida?

Fasahar Masana'antu tana da yawa da kuma rikitarwa. Ana nufin shi don sarrafa masana'antu da kuma samar da adadin masana'antun sikari mai yalwa. Tambayar ta taso - shin zai yuwu a samu, idan ba sukari ba, sannan kayan da ke dauke da sukari a gida? Ba shi da wahala, kodayake aiki ne:

1. An wanke amfanin gona sosai kuma an tafasa shi sosai don aƙalla awa ɗaya.

   Cire kwasfa. Idan ka barshi, to samfurin ƙarshe zai sami ɗanɗano mara daɗi.

2. Bayan peeling, an murƙushe beets (yanke, shafa, shredded) kuma an sanya taro a ƙarƙashin latsawa.
3. Abincin da ya bushe ya cika da ruwan zafi. Ruwan ya zama ya ninka ninkin na biredin.
4. Dakatarwar ya kamata ya daidaita, an zubar da ruwa kuma ana iya sake bi da biredin ta hanyar latsawa.
5. Previouslyididdigar da aka samo a baya an haɗa shi tare da mafita na biyu kuma an kwashe shi.

Ba za a iya samun sikari a gida ba (ana buƙatar kayan aikin injin, ana buƙatar centrifuges), amma ana iya amfani da syrup na sikari a yin burodi, yin jam. Zai fi kyau a adana samfurin a cikin kwandon iska mai duhu.

Kayan girke-girke na bidiyo don yin sikari na sikari, wanda ake kira molasses:

Fasahar Masana'antu tana da tsari da yawa. Amma koda ba tare da rikitarwa ba, ƙwayoyin sukari suma ana amfani dasu don bayan gida mai zaman kansa.

Kalli bidiyon: Maganin daukewar shaawa ga Mata fisabilillahi. (Satumba 2024).