Jaén a cikin Andalusia - babban birnin man zaitun a Spain
Jaén yana cikin wani lardin Sifen ne na gaba kusa da tsaunin Santa Catalina. Andalusiya ta bambanta da kyawawan ɗabi'unta, mutane sun zaɓi waɗannan ƙasashe ƙarni da yawa da suka gabata, na dogon lokaci Romawa, Larabawa da Kiristoci sun yi musu yaƙi. A yau Jaén a Spain yana haɗuwa da al'adu daban-daban, yawancin abubuwan tarihi da gine-ginen tarihi kuma, ba shakka, gonakin zaitun mara iyaka waɗanda suka shimfiɗa zuwa sararin sama.
Janar bayani
Idan kuna shirin tafiya zuwa Andalus, tabbas ku ziyarci wannan garin da ba yawon shakatawa a Spain don dalilai da yawa. Na farko shi ne abubuwan tarihi, waɗanda yawancinsu an gina su lokacin mulkin Moorish. Na biyu - Jaén ana kiransa babban birnin man zaitun, saboda ana samar da 20% na dukkan samfuran duniya a nan. Lokacin shiga birni, yawon bude ido ya ga layuka marasa iyaka na bishiyun kore.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! Akwai kusan bishiyoyi 15 ga kowane mazaunin Jaén a cikin Andalusia.
Jaén babban birni ne na lardin suna ɗaya, wanda ke kudu da ƙasar. Idan aka kwatanta shi da sauran ƙauyuka a lardin Jaén, birni ne mai kyau ƙwarai; kusan mazauna dubu 117 ne ke rayuwa anan a yankin 424.3 km2. Mutanen gari suna kiran Jaén lu'u-lu'u na Andalus kuma suna da cikakken 'yancin yin hakan, saboda yawancin abubuwan tarihinta da tsarin gine-ginen sun amince da UNESCO a matsayin al'adun duniya. Bugu da kari, garin ba wai kawai na mulki bane, har ma cibiyar tattalin arziki na lardin.
Yawon shakatawa na Tarihi
Kasancewar Jaén a Spain yana da yawan jan hankali yana nuna cewa tarihin garin yana da wadatar abubuwan da suka faru. Tuni shekaru dubu biyar da suka gabata, mutane suka zauna a nan, sun bar don tunawa da kansu zane-zanen dutsen, wanda yanzu aka ayyana wani ɓangare na al'adun duniya.
A karni na 5 BC. Iberiawa sun zauna a Jaen, an maye gurbinsu da Carthaginians, kuma a karni na 2 BC. Romawa suka killace garin. Tare da Larabawa, Jaen ya "yi fure" kuma ya zama babban birnin daular musulmai, amma, bayan shekaru 500 Kiristocin sun sake dawo da iko da shi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! Abin takaici, babu wasu abubuwan tarihi da suka gabata a cikin garin Andalusiya, amma an adana abubuwan da suka gabata na Larabawa a zahiri a kowane mataki.
Matsayin ƙasa na Jaén a Spain koyaushe ana ɗaukarsa da mahimmancin dabaru, wanda shine dalilin da yasa sunansa na biyu shine Mulkin Mai Tsarki. Ko da bayan mamayar Jaén da Kiristoci suka yi, musulmai sun mamaye garin lokaci-lokaci.
A cikin karni na 19, Faransawa suka zauna a cikin birni, wannan zamanin na tarihi yana da wahala, don tunawa da mawuyacin lokaci, ana tsare da fursuna a cikin sarƙoƙi a cikin gidan yarin gidan Fadar Santa Catalina.
Lokaci mai wahala na gaba a tarihin Jaen shine Yakin Basasa, wanda ya kasance daga 1936 zuwa 1939. A wannan lokacin, an kame mutane gaba ɗaya a cikin birni, gidajen yari sun cika makil.
Abubuwan gani
Gari a cikin sifan yana da kyau tare da keɓaɓɓiyar, kyakkyawa mai ban al'ajabi, tabbatar da hakan ta hanyar tafiya titunan ta, shakatawa a cikin gidan cafe, sha'awar kyawawan halaye. Mun tattara zaɓi na abubuwan jan hankali mafi kyau na Jaen.
Cathedral
An zabi Katidral Jaén mafi kyawun ginin Renaissance a Spain. An gina shi sama da ƙarni biyu, ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa an haɗu da salo iri-iri a cikin tsarinta.
A cikin karni na 13, an ci Jaén daga Moors kuma an tsarkake masallaci don girmama Hawan Yesu zuwa sama na Budurwa, har sai da aka gudanar da tsakiyar hidiman kirista na karni na 14 a nan. Sannan haikalin ya ƙone, an yanke shawarar gina sabon coci a cikin salon Gothic, duk da haka, masu zanen gine-ginen sun yi kuskuren lissafi kuma ginin an san shi da haɗari ga amfani.
Ginin sabon haikalin ya fara ne kawai a ƙarshen ƙarni na 15. Dangane da shirin, alamar zata kasance tana da raɓa guda biyar, amma, ginin ya sake zama ba mai daidaituwa ba, saboda haka aka sake gina shi kuma aka zaɓi salon Renaissance don ado. Aikin yana gudana tsawon shekaru 230. A tsakiyar karni na 17, an tsarkake haikalin, amma har yanzu ba a kammala ginin yamma ba. A gare shi, maginin gidan Eufrasio de Rojas, wanda ke aikin gini a wancan lokacin, ya zaɓi salon baroque na marmari. Tagwayen hasumiyar, wadanda suke gefen gefunan haikalin, an kammala su a tsakiyar karni na 18.
Ginin haikalin an gina shi ne da siffar gicciye, a gindinsa akwai wani yanki na kusurwa huɗu, wanda aka haɓaka tare da ɗakunan bauta. An san facade a matsayin misali na Baroque Mutanen Espanya na yau da kullun; an yi masa ado da gumaka, zane-zane, ginshiƙai. Babban facade yana da ƙofofi uku - Gafartawa, Muminai da sabis ɗaya don firistoci.
A ciki, an kuma kawata haikalin a cikin salo daban-daban, an raba keɓaɓɓun ginshiƙai ta hanyar ginshiƙai waɗanda ke zuwa rufi, an kawata ɗakin ajiyar tare da sassan baka. An yi bagadin a cikin salon neoclassicism, kuma sassaka ta Budurwa Maryamu tana cikin salon Gothic. A tsakiyar babban cocin akwai ƙungiyar mawaƙa tare da kujerun katako waɗanda aka yi wa ado da zane-zane; a ƙarƙashin sassan mawaƙa akwai kabari.
Har ila yau, babban cocin yana da gidan kayan gargajiya wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwan fasaha, wasu daga cikinsu na musamman ne.
Mahimmanci! Yayin sabis, ƙofar babban coci kyauta ne, sauran lokutan kuna buƙatar tikiti, wanda zaku iya amfani dashi don bincika haikalin sosai kuma ziyarci gidan kayan gargajiya.
Wanka na Larabawa
An gina jan hankalin a farkon karni na 11, shine mafi girman hadadden gidan wanka na zamanin Mauritaniya a cikin Andalusia. Wankan wankan suna ƙarƙashin Fadar Villardompardo kuma tare da Gidan kayan gargajiya na al'adun gargajiya kuma suna wakiltar cibiyar al'adu da yawon buɗe ido na garin.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! Dangane da ɗayan tatsuniya, an kashe sarkin Taifa - Ali a bahon Larabawa.
A Addinin Musulunci, wanka ya daidaita da wani aiki na tsarkake rai da tunani. Tunda ba kowane ɗan ƙasa ne zai iya girka wanka a cikin gidan ba, an gina rukunin wanka a Jaen, inda maza da mata suke zuwa. Wankan gidan Jaen sun mamaye yanki mai fadin 470 m2, masu binciken kayan tarihi sun tabbatar da cewa a karshen karni na 12 an maido da wanka na Larabawa, sannan aka maida su bita.
Abin lura ne cewa wanka na Larabawa kawai aka gano a farkon karni na 20, tunda gidan sarauta yana sama da su, ana kiyaye su da kyau. An sake dawo da hadaddun har zuwa 1984.
A yau yawon bude ido na iya ziyartar jan hankali kuma su ga:
- zaure;
- dakin sanyi;
- dakin dumi;
- dakin zafi
Bayani mai amfani:
- adireshin jan hankali: Plaza Santa Luisa de Marillac, 9 Jaén;
- jadawalin aiki: kowace rana daga 11-00 zuwa 19-00;
- farashin tikiti - Yuro 2,5 (ga 'yan ƙasa na Tarayyar Turai, shigarwa kyauta ne).
A bayanin kula: Me zaku gani a Madrid cikin kwana biyu?
Gidan Santa Catalina
Localsasashen Santa Catalina mazauna suna kiran ginin a kan dutsen saboda an gina shi a kan tudu kuma yana kama da baya ga tarihin tarihi. Sansanin soja ne Moorish, amma an ba shi sunan kiristanci a tsakiyar karni na 13, lokacin da garin ya koma ƙarƙashin Ferdinand III na Castile.
Daga tsayin m 820, tsaunukan Sierra Nevada, kyawawan ɗakunan zaitun da ƙauyuka suna bayyane sosai. Mutane sun zauna a kan tsaunin BC, kamar yadda aka nuna ta abubuwan da aka samo tun zamanin Bronze. An gina ganuwar farko a nan ƙarƙashin Carthaginians, sannan a ƙarƙashin Sarki Alhamar, an faɗaɗa sansanin soja, an ƙarfafa ta, wani ɗakin bautar Gothic ya bayyana. Lokacin da sojojin Napoleonic suka zauna a cikin birni, an sake sake ginin masarauta don bukatun soja. Bayan haka, tsawon shekaru da yawa, ba wanda ya tuna gidan, kuma a cikin 1931 kawai aka bayyana alamar Jaén a Spain ta zama tarihin abin tarihi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! Yau a cikin gidan sarauta ba za ku iya tafiya kawai ba, har ma ku sauka a otal.
Bayani mai amfani:
- jadawalin jan hankali: lokacin hunturu - daga 10-00 zuwa 18-00 (Litinin-Asabar), daga 10-00 zuwa 15-00 (Lahadi), lokacin bazara - daga 10-00 zuwa 14-00, daga 17- 00 zuwa 21-00 (Litinin-Asabar), daga 10-00 zuwa 15-00 (Lahadi);
- farashin tikiti - Yuro 3,50;
- samun shiga yankin jan hankali kyauta ne a kowace Laraba;
- balaguron ana gudanar ne daga 12-00 zuwa 16-30 (Litinin-Asabar), a 12-00 (Lahadi), an haɗa kuɗin cikin tikitin.
La Cruz wurin dubawa
Gidan kallo yana kusa da fadar Santa Catalina, akwai kuma gicciye don tunawa da kama Jaén da Kiristoci suka yi, wani lamari mai mahimmanci ya faru a karni na 13. Tun da farko, an sanya gicciyen katako a kan wannan rukunin yanar gizon, amma bayan izininsa, an saka farin gicciye na zamani a nan.
Kuna iya zuwa saman mota, ɗauki taksi, tun da ziyarar ta zagaye-zagaye take kuma kyauta, zaku iya zuwa kowane lokaci. Ana ba da shawarar ziyartar gidan kallo da yamma idan dare yayi kuma fitilu suna cikin gari.
Karanta kumaBalaguro a cikin Andalusia daga Malaga - wane jagora ne za a zaɓa?
Gidan Tarihi na Jaen
Babban gidan kayan gargajiya ne na birni tare da nunin kayan tarihi da kayan tarihi na dindindin. Bayanin ya nuna game da ci gaban fasaha da al'adu a Jaen.
A baya can, ana kiran gidan kayan gargajiya na lardin, yana kusa da Cathedral, wato a kan hanyar la Estación. Bayan haɗewar gidajen tarihin biyu - Archaeological da Fine Arts, an buɗe sabon wuri a cikin babban gini.
Bayyanannun kayan tarihi sun gabatar da abubuwan da ke nuna lokacin a cikin zamani da yawa. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, akwai kayan ado na jana'iza, kayan kwalliya, gumakan Roman na dā, mosaics na Roman, abubuwan bautar gumaka da abubuwan addini. Hakanan zaka iya ganin mutummutumai da yawa, ginshiƙai na gargajiya, sarcophagus da kaburbura duwatsu.
Ana gabatar da nune-nunen tarin zane-zane a hawa na biyu, akwai tsofaffin kanfuna (daga lokacin karni na 13-18), da kuma ayyukan fasaha na zamani (karni na 19-20).
Bayani mai amfani:
- jadawalin jan hankalin: daga Janairu zuwa 15 ga Yuni, daga 16 ga Satumba zuwa ƙarshen Disamba - daga 09-00 zuwa 20-00 (Talata-Asabar), daga 09-00 zuwa 15-00 (Lahadi), daga 16 ga Yuni zuwa 15 ga Satumba - daga 09-00 zuwa 15-00;
- farashin tikiti - Yuro 1.5, don mazaunan Tarayyar Turai, shiga kyauta ne.
Gano Farashi ko sanya kowane masauki ta amfani da wannan fom
Jaén - Aljannar zaitun Andalusiya
Akwai abin tunawa ga man zaitun a cikin garin, kuma wannan ba abin mamaki ba ne, saboda an yarda da Jaén a matsayin shugaban duniya wajen samar da mai da zaitun. Af, ana sayar da zaitun kusan ko'ina a cikin birni, kuma akwai gonakin zaitun da yawa a kusa da Jaén - yanayin birni yana da wuya a yi tunanin ba tare da bishiyoyi ba, waɗanda suka zama ɓangare na sassaucin Mutanen Espanya. Hakanan garin yana da Gidan Tarihi na Itacen Zaitun. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa wani suna don Jaen shine aljanna zaitun na Andalusia.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! Lardin Jaén yana da bishiyar zaitun miliyan 66 da 20% na samar da mai a duniya.
A cikin yankin La Laguna, ana yin yawon shakatawa mai ban sha'awa don masu yawon bude ido, a ciki zaku iya ziyartar ma'ajiyar tare da waƙa da babban suna na Cathedral of Oil, an gaya wa baƙi fasahar dashen bishiyoyi da matakan samar da kayan kamshi. Ana ba masu yawon shakatawa ɗanɗano nau'ikan man zaitun iri uku.
Wani sanannen kwarin zaitun, wanda ke jan hankalin masu yawon bude ido da yawa, yana gefen Kogin Guadalquivir, kuma kewaye da shi ta gefen tsaunukan Sierra de Cazorla, da kuma Saliyo Mágina.
Lardin Jaén shine ke kan gaba wajen samar da mai a duniya. Dangane da ƙididdiga, an samar da mafi yawa daga nan fiye da duk Italiya. Af, mazaunan karkara suna alfahari da samfurin su, don haka tabbatar da kawo kwalban kayan ƙanshi daga tafiyar ku.
Kyakkyawan sani! Mafi shahararrun nau'ikan zaitun sune pickul, arbequin, royal. Yana daga nau'ikan Royal cewa ana shirya mai mai zaƙi tare da kyawawan bayanan 'ya'yan itace. Royal nau'ikan keɓaɓɓu ne na gida, don haka ba shi yiwuwa a same shi a wasu ƙasashe.
Akwai furodusoshi daban-daban a Jaén a Andalusia, yawancinsu suna da dogon tarihi, wadatacce. Kula da man Castillo de Canena. 'Ya'yan itacen a cikin Jaén sun fara girbewa a cikin Oktoba, wannan aikin yana nan har zuwa Fabrairu. Ana fara girbin zaitun masu ɗumi, da baitul zaitun a ƙarshen kaka. Zai yuwu a tattara 'ya'yan itace har zuwa kilogiram 35 daga itace ɗaya. Abin lura ne cewa masu kera mai da mutuncin kansu basa yin samfuran daga zaitun da suka faɗi ƙasa, ana barin su yadda suke, don haka kiyaye ingancin da tsarran mai. Babu abinda ya wuce awa 6 daga lokacin girbi zuwa farkon aiki.
Idan an shirya hutunku a Spain don Oktoba, tabbatar da ziyartar bikin Luca, inda akwai mai da yawa, ruwan inabi, tukwane. Kayan zaitun - taliya, kyandirori - suna cikin buƙatu ƙwarai.
Kwatanta farashin Masauki ta amfani da wannan Fom din
Haɗin jigilar kaya
Jaén shine babban tashar zirga-zirga tsakanin Madrid da Malaga; zaku iya zuwa nan ta hanyoyi daban-daban na sufuri: jirgin ƙasa, bas, mota.
Kyakkyawan sani! Hanya mafi sauki don tafiya a cikin Spain shine tare da motar haya. Akwai wurare da yawa na haya a duk biranen Sifen, abubuwan da ake buƙata don abokan ciniki kaɗan ne.
Daga Malaga zuwa Jaén, zaku iya ɗaukar manyan hanyoyi A-92 da A-44, kuma hanyar ta ratsa Granada, birni mai al'adun Larabawa. Dole ne ku ciyar kimanin sa'o'i biyu a hanya.
Babu jiragen jirgin kai tsaye na jama'a kai tsaye daga Malaga, kuna buƙatar canji a cikin Cordoba. Tafiya tana ɗaukar awanni 3-4. Bincika ainihin tsarin lokaci akan gidan yanar gizon kamfanin jigilar kaya Raileurope.
Kuna iya zuwa daga Malaga zuwa Jaén ta bas, tafiya tana ɗaukar awanni 3, akwai jirage 4 da aka shirya (kamfanin ɗaukar hoto Alsa - www.alsa.com). Zai fi kyau a sayi tikiti a gaba ko a ofishin tikiti na tashar bas.
Daga Madrid zuwa Jaén zaka iya ɗaukar babbar hanyar A-4, kuma za'a iya rufe nisan a cikin awanni 3.5 da mota. Hakanan akwai hanyar jirgin ƙasa kai tsaye. Masu yawon bude ido suna shafe kimanin awanni 4 a jirgin. Hakanan zaku iya isa can ta jirgin ƙasa tare da canji a cikin garin Cordoba. Hakanan akwai hidimar bas kai tsaye, ana yin zirga-zirga 4 kowace rana, tafiyar tana ɗaukar kusan awanni 5. Ana ba da shawarar yin tikiti a gaba ko saya a ofishin tikiti na tashar jirgin ƙasa.
Garin Jaén wani yanki ne na lardin Andalus, inda aka fara Kogin Guadalquivir. Taimakon wannan ɓangaren Spain yana da ban sha'awa - filayen kore, tsaunuka, wuraren shakatawa na halitta. Jaén ana iya ƙaunarta don yanayi, damar hutu daga hayaniyar birni da ziyartar tsoffin shafuka da yawa.
Abin da za a ziyarta a lardin Jaén - kalli bidiyon.