Delphi: Abubuwa 8 na tsohuwar Girka

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Delphi (Girka) wani yanki ne na dā wanda yake kan gangaren Dutsen Parnassus a kudu maso gabashin yankin Phocis. Wannan shine ɗayan mahimman abubuwan tarihi na al'adun ƙasar, wanda a yau ya zama gidan kayan gargajiya na buɗe ido. Yawancin abubuwan tarihi da yawa sun wanzu a yankunanta, galibinsu an lalata su tsawon ƙarnuka da girgizar ƙasa kuma a yau kango ne. Koyaya, Delphi ya tayar da sha'awa ta gaske tsakanin masu yawon bude ido, tsakanin masoyan tsohuwar tatsuniyar Girka da kuma masu sha'awar tsohuwar tarihin gaba ɗaya.

Rushewar Delphi tana da tazarar kilomita 9.5 daga gabar Tekun Kogin, a tsayin 700 m sama da matakin teku. 1.5 kilomita daga tsohuwar mazaunin akwai ƙaramin gari mai suna iri ɗaya, wanda yawanta bai wuce mutane 3000 ba. A nan ne kowane irin otal-otal da gidajen abinci ke mai da hankali, inda masu yawon buɗe ido ke bi bayan balaguro zuwa abubuwan jan hankali na gari. Kafin bayyana abubuwan shahararrun abubuwa na birni, yana da mahimmanci shiga cikin tarihinta, tare da sanin kanka da tatsuniyoyi.

Tunanin tarihi. Tarihi

Ba a san takamaiman ranar bayyanar Delphi ba, amma binciken archaeological da aka gudanar a yankinsu ya nuna cewa farawa daga ƙarni na 16 BC. Wurin yana da mahimmancin addini: tuni a wancan lokacin bautar gumaka ta mace, wacce ake ɗauka a matsayin uwar duka Duniya, ta bunƙasa a nan. Bayan shekaru 500, abin ya faɗi cikin ƙasawa gabaɗaya kuma sai da ƙarni 7-6th. BC. fara samun matsayin mahimmin wuri a tsohuwar Girka. A wannan lokacin, manyan biranen birni suna da iko mai ƙarfi, sun halarci warware matsalolin siyasa da na addini. Zuwa karni na 5 BC. Delphi ta zama babbar cibiyar ruhaniya ta Girka, an fara gudanar da Wasannin Pythian a ciki, wanda ya taimaka wajen tattara mazauna ƙasar tare da cusa musu tunanin hadin kan ƙasa.

Koyaya, kafin ƙarni na 4 BC. Delphi ya fara rasa muhimmacinsa na dā, amma duk da haka ya ci gaba da kasancewa ɗayan manyan wurare masu tsarki na Girka. A farkon rabin karni na 3 BC. 'yan Gauls sun kai wa Girka hari kuma sun kwashe ganima mai tsarki gaba ɗaya, gami da babban haikalin ta. A karni na 1 BC. Romawa sun kame garin, amma wannan bai hana Girkawa su maido da haikalin da ke Delphi ba, wadanda Gauls suka lalata, karni daya bayan haka. Haramcin ƙarshe akan ayyukan maganganun Girka ya fito ne daga sarkin Rome Theodosius I kawai a cikin 394.

Da yake magana game da tsoffin birni na Girka, ba za a taɓa taɓa tarihinsu ba. Sanannen abu ne cewa Helenawa sun yi imani da kasancewar wurare a Duniya tare da iko na musamman. Sun kuma ambaci Delphi kamar haka. Ofaya daga cikin tatsuniyar ta ce Zeus daga sassa daban-daban na duniyar tamu ya aika da mikiya biyu don saduwa da juna, waɗanda suka tsallaka kuma suka soki juna da daskararrun bakuna a kan gangaren Dutsen Parnassus. A wannan lokacin ne aka ayyana Cibiya ta --asa - cibiyar duniya da kuzari na musamman. Don haka, Delphi ya bayyana, wanda daga baya ya zama babban gidan ibada na Girka.

Wani tatsuniyoyin ya nuna cewa da farko garin na Gaia ne - allahiyar Duniya kuma mahaifiyar sama da teku, wanda daga baya ta ba da ita ga zuri'arta, ɗayansu shine Apollo. Don girmama allahn rana, an gina wuraren bauta guda 5 a Delphi, amma gutsutsuren ɗayansu kaɗai sun tsira har zuwa yau.

Abubuwan gani

Babban tarihin birni a yau bayyane yake a cikin manyan abubuwan jan hankali na Delphi a Girka. A kan yankin abin, an kiyaye rusassun tsofaffin gine-gine da yawa, wanda ke ta da sha'awar masu yawon bude ido. Kari akan haka, zai zama mai ban sha'awa duba cikin Gidan Tarihi na Archaeological anan, tare da jin daɗin kyawawan shimfidar wurare na Dutsen Parnassus. Bari muyi la'akari da kowane abu daki daki.

Haikalin Apollo

Tsohon garin Girka na Delphi ya sami shahararren da ba a faɗuwa da farko saboda ɓangarorin Haikalin Apollo da aka ajiye a nan. An gina ginin a karni na 4 BC, kuma ya yi shekaru 800 yana aiki a matsayin ɗayan manyan wuraren bautar Girka. A cewar tatsuniyar, allahn rana da kansa ya ba da umarnin gina wannan wurin ibada, kuma daga nan ne firist din Pythia ya yi hasashen ta. Mahajjata daga ƙasashen Girka daban-daban sun zo haikalin kuma sun juya zuwa ga babba don jagora. An samo jan hankali ne kawai a cikin 1892 a lokacin da ake binciken abubuwan archaeological. A yau kawai tushe da ginshiƙai da yawa masu lalacewa sun kasance daga Haikalin Apollo. Babban abin sha'awa anan shine katangar da ke gindin tsattsarkan wurin: an adana rubutu da maganganu da yawa na masana falsafa da 'yan siyasa waɗanda aka yiwa Apollo akansa.

Rushewar birnin Delphi

Idan ka kalli hoto na Delphi a Girka, za ka lura da tarin kango da manyan duwatsu da bazuwar warwatse waɗanda suka taɓa gina manyan gine-ginen birni. Yanzu daga cikinsu zaku iya ganin bangarori daban-daban na waɗannan abubuwa kamar:

Gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Kusa da Haikalin Apollo akwai kango na tsohuwar gidan wasan kwaikwayo a Delphi. Ginin, wanda aka fara daga karni na 6 BC, sau ɗaya yana da layuka 35 kuma yana iya ɗaukar mutane har dubu 5. A yau, tushe kawai ya tsira daga matakin gidan wasan kwaikwayo.
Filin wasa na da. Wannan wata alama ce ta alama wacce take kusa da gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Filin wasan ya taba zama babban filin wasanni, inda ake gudanar da Wasannin Pythian sau hudu a shekara. Har zuwa 'yan kallo dubu 6 na iya ziyartar ginin a lokaci guda.
Haikalin Athena. A cikin hoton tsohuwar hadaddiyar, galibi kuna iya ganin wannan jan hankali sosai, wanda ya daɗe yana zama alamarsa. An gina Haikalin Athena a Delphi a cikin karni na 3 BC, ta amfani da abubuwa daban-daban, gami da farar ƙasa da marmara, don ba wa wurin ibadar bayyanar launuka iri-iri. A waccan lokacin, abin ya kasance babban abu - gini ne zagaye, wanda aka kawata shi da ginshikin ginshikai 20 da kuma ginshiƙai 10. Shekaru dubu biyu da suka gabata, rufin ginin ya sami rawanin gumaka na siffofin mata da aka nuna a cikin rawa. A yau ginshiƙai 3 ne kawai, tushe da matakai suka rage daga gare ta.

Baitul Atinawa. An haife jan hankali a karni na 5 BC. kuma ya zama alama ce ta nasarar mazauna Atina a yakin Salamis. An yi amfani da baitul murnar Athenia a Delphi don adana kyaututtuka da abubuwa masu daraja, waɗanda yawancin su aka sadaukar da su ga Apollo. Wannan ƙaramin tsarin marmara ya wanzu har zuwa yau. Ko a yau, a ginin zaka iya ganin bas-zane wanda ke nuna al'adu daga tatsuniyoyin Girka na dā, bango daban-daban da ƙyama ga allahn Apollo.
Bagadi. Kusa da Haikalin Apollo a Delphi, zaku iya ganin kyakkyawar jan hankali - babban bagadi na Wuri Mai Tsarki. An yi shi da duwatsu marmara baki ɗaya, yana tuno da mahimmancin garin da mahimmancinsa a tarihin Girka.

Bayani mai amfani

Adireshin: Delphi 330 54, Girka.
Awanni na budewa: kullun daga 08:30 zuwa 19:00. An rufe jan hankali a lokacin hutun jama'a.
Kudin shiga: 12 € (farashin kuma ya haɗa da ƙofar gidan kayan gargajiya).

Gidan Tarihi na Archaeological

Bayan bincika kango na birnin Delphi, masu yawon buɗe ido galibi suna zuwa gidan kayan gargajiya na gida. Wannan ingantaccen gidan tarihin mai wadataccen bayani yana ba da labarin samuwar tsohuwar al'adar Girka. Daga cikin abubuwan da aka gabatar akwai asalin asalin da aka samo a lokacin hawan archaeological. A cikin tarin, zaku iya kallon tsoffin makamai, kayan sarki, kayan ado da kayan gida. Wasu baje kolin sun tabbatar da gaskiyar cewa Helenawa sun aro wasu al'adun Masar: musamman, baje kolin ya nuna wani sphinx da aka yi a al'adar Helenanci.

Anan zaku iya ganin abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da zane-zane masu ban sha'awa, da mutum-mutumin na Charioteer, wanda aka jefa cikin tagulla a ƙarni na 5 BC, ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman. Fiye da dubunnan shekaru, tana kwance ne a karkashin kango na wani tsohon hadadden abu, kuma sai a 1896 ne masana kimiyya suka gano shi. Ya kamata ku ware aƙalla awa ɗaya don ziyartar gidan kayan gargajiya. Kuna iya ɗaukar jagorar sauti a cikin Turanci a ma'aikatar.

Adireshin: Delphi Archaeological Museum, Delphi 330 54, Girka.
Awanni na budewa: kowace rana daga 08:30 zuwa 16:00.
Kudin shiga: 12 € (wannan tikiti ɗaya ne wanda ya haɗa da ƙofar gidan kayan gargajiya na buɗe ido).

Dutsen Parnassus

Bayaninmu game da abubuwan da ke gani na Delphi tare da hoto ya ƙare da labari game da wani shafin yanar gizo wanda ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a tsohuwar duniyar Girka. Muna magana ne game da Dutsen Parnassus, a kan gangaren yamma wanda Delphi yake. A cikin tatsuniyoyin Girka, ana ɗaukarsa mai mai da hankali ga Duniya. Yawancin yawon bude ido suna ziyartar dutsen don gane wa idanuwansu sananniyar bazarar Kastalsky, wacce a da ta kasance wani tsaftataccen bazara, inda tsafi ke yin alwala, bayan haka sai suka yi hasashensu.

A yau, Mount Parnassus sanannen wurin shakatawa ne. Kuma a lokacin rani, masu yawon bude ido suna shirya tsaunuka a nan, suna bin manyan hanyoyin da aka yi alama zuwa kogon Korikian ko kuma kaiwa wani wuri mafi girma - Liacura peak (2547 m). Daga saman dutsen, panoramas masu ban sha'awa suna buɗe har zuwa gonakin zaitun da ƙauyukan da ke kewaye da su, kuma a cikin yanayi mai kyau zaku iya ganin abubuwan da aka tsara na Olympus. Yawancin tsaunin tsauni shine wurin shakatawa na ƙasa inda California ke tsiro. A ɗaya daga cikin gangaren Parnassus, a tsawan tsawan 960 m sama da matakin teku, akwai ƙaramin ƙauye na Arachova, sanannen sanannen taron bita, inda zaku iya siyan keɓaɓɓun katifu na hannu.

Yadda ake zuwa can

Idan ka yanke shawarar ziyartar wurin ibada na Apollo a Delphi da sauran shafuka na da, to zai zama maka da amfani ka koya game da yadda zaka isa garin. Hanya mafi sauki don isa kayan aikin shine daga Athens. Delphi yana da nisan kilomita 182 arewa maso yamma na babban birnin Girka. Kowace rana, motocin bas na kamfanin KTEL suna barin tashar tashar KTEL Tashar Motar T a tashar B ta hanyar da aka ba su.

Lokacin tashin jirgin zai iya bambanta daga minti 30 zuwa awanni 2. Kudin tafiya shine 16.40 € kuma tafiyar tana ɗaukar awanni 3. Ana iya ganin ainihin lokacin akan shafin yanar gizon kamfanin www.ktel-fokidas.gr. Abu ne mai sauki ka isa Delphi tare da canjin wuri, amma a wannan yanayin, dole ne ka biya aƙalla 100 € don tafiya ta hanya ɗaya.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa

Dangane da tatsuniyoyin Girka ta dā, Dutsen Parnassus ya kasance wurin hutawa don tsoffin gumakan Girka, amma Apollo da nymphs 9 sun fi son wurin.
Yankin Haikalin Apollo a Delphi ya kasance 1440 m². A ciki an kawata shi da kayan kwalliyar gumakan alloli, kuma a waje an kawata shi da kyau da ginshiƙai 40 masu tsayi 12 m.

Akwai tatsuniya da ke cewa a lokacin da take tsinkaya firist din Pythia ya sami wahayi daga hayakin da ke zuwa daga dutsen da ke kusa da haikalin Apollo. A yayin tono duwatsu a Delphi a cikin 1892, masana kimiyya sun gano manyan laifuffuka biyu a karkashin shrine, inda, bi da bi, alamun ethane da methane suka kasance, wanda, kamar yadda kuka sani, a wasu gwargwado, na iya haifar da maye mai sauƙi.
An yi amannar cewa ba mazaunan Girka ne kawai suka zo maganganun Delphi ba, har ma da shugabannin sauran ƙasashe, waɗanda galibi ke kawo kyaututtuka masu tsada tare da su. Oneaya daga cikin fitattun kyaututtuka (har ma da Herodotus ya ambaci abin da ya faru a cikin bayanansa bayan ƙarni 3) shi ne kursiyin zinare, wanda sarkin Frijia ya gabatar da shi. A yau, ɗan ƙaramin mutum-mutumin hauren giwa ne, wanda aka samo a cikin taskar kusa da haikalin, ya rage daga kursiyin.

Kwatanta farashin Masauki ta amfani da wannan Fom din

Amfani masu Amfani

Idan hoton Delphi a Girka ya burge ka, kuma kana tunanin yin balaguro zuwa wannan tsohuwar hadaddiyar, ka mai da hankali ga jerin shawarwarin da ke ƙasa, waɗanda aka harhada bisa nazarin masu yawon bude ido da suka riga suka ziyarci shafin.

Don duba abubuwan da ke cikin birni, dole ne ku shawo kan hawan dutse da zuriya mara aminci. Sabili da haka, ya fi dacewa tafiya zuwa Delphi cikin tufafi masu kyau da takalman wasanni.

A sama, mun riga munyi magana game da haikalin Athena, amma yakamata a tuna cewa yana kan hanyar gabas zuwa manyan abubuwan jan hankali na hadadden. Entranceofar kango na wannan ginin kyauta ne.
Kusa da lokacin cin abincin rana, yawancin yawon bude ido sun taru a Delphi, saboda haka ya fi dacewa da isa da sassafe don buɗewa.
Shirya ku kashe aƙalla awanni 2 don ziyartar tsohuwar hadaddiyar da gidan kayan gargajiya.
Tabbatar an kawo ruwa mai sha.
Zai fi kyau a ziyarci Delphi (Girka) a cikin watannin sanyaya kamar Mayu, Yuni ko Oktoba. A lokacin bazara, zafi da zafin rana na iya hana kowa yin yawon shakatawa.