Yadda ake koyon wasa dara - tsari mataki-mataki, bayanin yanki, tukwici

Send

Chess wasa ne na wasanni wanda aka yarda dashi a ƙasashe 100. A cikin 1999, IOC ta amince da su a matsayin taron wasanni, kuma a cikin 2018 sun fara fitowa a wasannin Olympics na Hunturu. Alamar dara ba kawai ta tashin hankali ba ce, amma kuma ta dace da lafiyar jiki da kuma ƙwarewar ƙwararrun kishiyoyi.

Me yasa ake karatun wasannin dara? Yana haɓaka horar da ƙwarewar tunani da ƙwarewar tunani kamar:

Mai da hankali.
Warware matsaloli masu rikitarwa.
Tunani mai mahimmanci.
Alamar tsari.
Tsarin dabaru da dabara.
Tunanin sarari.
Gicari da Nazari.

Wasan yana koyar da cewa akwai sakamako bayan kowane aiki. Shawarwarin da aka yanke dangane da hasashe da tunani suna da sakamako mai kyau fiye da motsawa da rashin tunani.

Bayan samun gwaninta na gasa (a cikin dara, zaku koyi yadda ake kai hari da kare a lokaci guda), akwai kamanceceniya tsakanin lissafi, kiɗa da dara.

Kai nazarin dara daga karce

Don koyon yadda ake yin wasa a gida da kanku, yana da kyau a fara ta hanyar karya doka. Lokacin da ilmantarwa ke motsawa, yana da sauƙi don amfani da yanki ɗaya kawai a kan allo.

Hanya mafi kyau don koyan wasa shi ne wasa. Rashin nasara darasi ne da kwarewa. Da sannu zaku ga cewa kowane sifa yana da ƙima.

Daga kwarewar mutum da yawa na yan wasa, ana iya koya dara a cikin aikace-aikacen kan layi. Hakanan, akwai adadin albarkatun ilmantarwa na kan layi. Duk ya dogara da wace hanya ce mafi dacewa: don koyo "kan tafi" ko don farawa daga karce.

Yanzu bari muyi la'akari da zaɓuɓɓuka don horon kan layi:

Chess-kan layi (Chess.com). Mafi kyawun kayan dara na kyauta don kowane nau'in na'urori da gidan yanar gizon don fara koyon dara, wasa kan layi akan abokan adawar matakinku. Yi nazarin wasanninku daidai tare da aikin binciken injinsa. Wannan hanyar tana samarda komai daga horon farko har zuwa horo na yau da kullun ga masters. Koyarwar su ta bidiyo akan ka'idar budewa, dabarun wasan tsakiya, dabarun duba-da-duba, tsarin faren kudi, shirin kai hare hare, da sauransu, suna ba da ra'ayin yadda za'a kara girman wasan ku. Shafin zai taimaka wa duk wanda ke kokarin koyon abubuwan yau da kullun sannan kuma yana son inganta kwarewarsa.
Tashoshin Youtube. Ya isa a buga a bincika Youtube buƙatar da ake buƙata don horo daga ɓoye, saboda tsarin zai ba da babbar tashoshi da shirye-shiryen bidiyo. Zaɓi abu mafi ban sha'awa da kallo tare da jin daɗi.
Adabi na musamman. Sayi littafi wanda ke gabatar da dokoki da kuma tushen dara. Ba zan ba da shawarar ɗayan ba tunda suna da yawa kuma yawancinsu manya ne. Nemi wanda yake da hotuna da yawa da rubutu kaɗan. Yawancin littattafan ilimi "don yara" suna aiki ne don manya kuma.

Bayanin adadi, yadda suke tafiya

Sarki - mafi mahimmanci duka siffofin shine wanda yake da kambi da gicciye.
Shin sarauniya akwai kuma kambi - wannan shine adadi na biyu mai tsayi.
Giwa - adadi tare da hular hat.
Rook kuma yana da sauƙin tunawa, yana kama da hasumiyar ƙasa.
Doki sauqi ka tuna.
Wnan kwando - ba zai zama da wahala a tuna da su ba, su ne mafi kankanta kuma sun fi yawa.

Ga wasu 'yan dokoki don koyo daga farkon:

Dole ne sarki ya kasance koyaushe a kiyaye shi, yana motsa murabba'i ɗaya zuwa kowace hanya.
Sarauniyar ita ce "soja mafi kwarjini" da ke motsawa a cikin jirgi ta kowane bangare.
Giwaye suna da motsi iri-iri, amma kawai a cikin layi madaidaiciya, a madaidaiciyar kwatance.
Masu farawa ba sa yawan yin la'akari da Rook. Yana motsawa "a ƙetaren hanya" ko'ina cikin allon - zane-zane, kamar "sarki" a cikin masu dubawa.
Doki yana da kyau don ganganci, hare-haren da ba zato ba tsammani, motsinsa sananne ne ga kowa - harafin Rashanci "G" a duk wurare.
Pawns suna da kyau wajen kama ɓangaren abokan gaba. An iyakance su cikin motsi - yanki ɗaya kawai a gaba.

Koyarwar bidiyo

Dabaru daban-daban dabaru

Basic dabara na wasan:

Ka zaɓi launin ɓangaren (fari ko baƙi, ko wasu launuka masu bambancin ra'ayi), abokin hamayyar yana ɗaukar launi akasin haka.
Kowane lokaci kuna motsawa. Farin guda sun fara motsi.
Manufa: Dan wasa na farko da ya kamo sarki abokin hamayya ya lashe wasan.

Sanya allon daidai. An buga wasan a kan tebur mai kunshe da murabba'ai 64 - layuka takwas da layuka takwas.

Dabarar mai farawa ita ce kama yawancin maƙiyan maƙiyan da zai yiwu don sauƙaƙe zuwa wurin sarki. Yana yin hakan ta hanyar matsar da ɓangarorin a tsakanin murabba'ai inda rabin abokin hamayyar yake. Ana kama yanki ta cire shi daga filin.

Da alama kun ji kalmar "Shah" ko? Wannan yana nufin cewa ku (ko abokin hamayyar ku) kun sanya sarkin ku (ko abokin hamayyar ku) a cikin wurin da ba zai iya motsawa ko'ina ba tare da an kama shi ba.

Yanzu bari muyi magana game da lada. Akwai wasu keɓaɓɓu ga ƙa'idar mataki-ɗaya: idan pawn bai taɓa motsawa ba a baya, zai iya motsa murabba'i biyu a farkon tafiyarsa. Bugu da ƙari, ɗan faɗi ba zai iya kama abokin hamayya a gabanta ba. Amma idan akwai wani yanki na abokin hamayya a gaban ta ta hanyar zane, tana iya zuwa wurin ta kama shi. Wata fa'idar faɗuwa: idan ta isa ɗaya gefen allon, inda ba za ta iya ci gaba ba, ana iya musayar ta da kowane yanki (ban da sarki).

Akwai wani motsi na musamman da ake kira castling. Ya shafi matsayin sarki da rook. Wannan na iya zama ba bayyananne ba ga mai farawa da farko, saboda haka zaku iya koyon sa daga baya lokacin da kuka mallaki ƙa'idodi na yau da kullun.

Yanzu yi amfani da siffofinku! Musamman, kar ku bari jarumai da bishop-bishop su daɗe a matsayinsu, saboda suna da amfani a farkon wasan.

Kai sarkin ka zuwa yankin aminci. Sarki a tsakiyar hukumar sarki ne mai rauni.

Gudun cibiyar! “Wannan wata muhimmiyar dabara ce ga sabbin shiga. Squananan murabba'ai 4 suna da mahimmanci don sarrafawa.

Ka tuna cewa doki ne kawai zai iya tsallake kan keji. Ka tuna cewa dukkan ɓangarori na iya matsawa baya banda 'pawns'.

Dukan dabarun wasan shi ne tilasta wa sarki abokin hamayyarsa tarko. Babu matsala yadda kuka yi shi - kawai kuna buƙatar yin shi sau ɗaya don cin nasara!

Ba za ku iya mai da hankalinku kan harin ba, ko ku ƙirƙira tunanin ƙarya na ƙarya ku bar wa abokin hamayyar ku damar yin amfani da shi ba. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa don ƙarfafa tsaro - don sanya ɓangarorinku a cikin matsayi masu aiki (bishops da rooks suna da kyau musamman). Kare rabinka a hankali kuma, sama da duka, kiyaye abubuwan haɗin kai. Abu na karshe da kuke buƙata shine rasa sarauniyar ku saboda ba ku da ikon kare shi ko wasa da sauri.

Bude ƙungiya mara kyau yakan haifar da sakamako mara kyau. Yi aiki akan motsa cibiyar ku don samar wa bishops hanya da amfani da mayaƙan ku. Yi damuwa game da sarauniya da rooks daga baya. Babu wani motsi na farko na duniya, kodayake wasu suna da daraja idan aka kwatanta da wasu. Akwai 'yan wasan da suka fi son kariya, matsayi mara wucewa, ko m, dabaru masu kuzari. A farkon matakan, mayar da hankali kan kariya, wasan wuce gona da iri.

Yi nazarin matsayi don dabaru. Grandmasters yawanci suna cin gajiyar dabaru. Burin ku shine ya fin karfin abokin hamayyar ku kuma ku sami hanyoyin da za ku iya amfani da kayan ku. Koyi abubuwan yau da kullun na yatsu, fil, skewers, da sauran dabaru na dabara. Aikin mai koyarwa na dabara akan Chess.com yana da ƙima. Ssara ya fi dogaro kan gano alamu iri ɗaya a cikin wurare daban-daban. Amfani da waɗannan ra'ayoyin zai ƙara ƙarfin ku sosai.

Yaya tsawon lokacin da za a ɗauka don yin karatu

Don saurin koyo, gwada abubuwa masu zuwa:

Yi wasan chess na a kalla awa 1 kowace rana.
Lokacin da kuka sami ƙarin ƙwarewa, haɗa wasanin gwada dabara na mintina 30, da minti 30 na "live" dara a rana.

Nazarin kansa zai ɗauki kimanin wata 1, idan kun kula da minti 30-60 na wasan yau da kullun. Progressarin ci gaba ba zai daɗe ba da zuwa, yayin da wasan zai ci ku gaba daya!

Yadda ake koya wa yaro wasa da dara

Ta hanyoyi da yawa, koyar da yara aiki ne mai sauki fiye da koya wa manya. A zamanin da ake samun damar Intanet, yara za su iya koya koya wasan chess da kansu. Dabaru a sama na 'yan wasa ne na duk shekaru.

Bidiyon bidiyo

Horarwa a cikin sassan

A cikin da'irori da bangarori daban-daban suna koyar da yadda ake wasan dara "a hukumance", ma'ana, tare da bayanin dukkan sharuɗɗan dara da sunayen dabaru. Bayar da nuna duk dabaru da motsawa. Mutane masu koyar da kansu sukan yi wasa da hankali, suna gina nasu sarƙar ma'ana. Ba su da ƙarfi cikin sharudda, amma suna taka rawa a babban matakin.

Shahararrun 'yan wasan chess na duniya da Rasha

'Yan'uwan nan mata Polgar, Judit da Susan sune iyayen gidan Hungary. Arami daga cikin 'yan'uwa mata, Judit (41), a halin yanzu shine mafi kyawun ɗan wasan dara a duniya. Amfanin ta shine ta shiga kuma ta ci nasara kawai a gasar maza. Judit ta sami mukamin babban malamin mata a lokacin tana da shekaru 15, wanda ya zarce nasarorin da yawancin zakarun da ake girmamawa suka taka. Babbar 'yar uwarta Susan a halin yanzu tana haɓaka dara a Amurka, kuma ita ma mashahurin malamin aji ne na duniya.
Antoaneta Stefanova ita ce ta Bulgaria a duniya kuma zakara a Turai a dara da saurin dara na shekaru 38. A shekarar 2002 ta zama babbar malama ta duniya.
Xie Jun dan wasan chess ne na kasar Sin, mai ba da horo mai girma kuma zakaran duniya (shekaru 47). Ya zama zakara a shekara 10, ya fara wasa a 6.
Alexandra Kosteniuk ita ce zakara a Turai da Rasha. Taken ta shine "Chess babba ne" kuma "Kyawawa da tunani basa rabuwa". Wanda wannan ya jagoranta, ta inganta dara a matsayin abin koyi kuma "jakadan dara", tana ƙoƙari ta haifar da sha'awar wannan wasan a duk duniya.
Anatoly Karpov (66) da Garry Kasparov (54) sune shahararrun tsoffin kaka a Rasha. A wannan lokacin, suna cikin tsunduma cikin ayyukan siyasa. A baya - zakarun da yawa na duniya, Turai da Rasha.
Khalifman Alexander (dan shekaru 52) ya lashe kyautar Chess Olympiad ta Duniya sau uku. Yanzu yana horar da ƙananan ƙarni, shi ne marubucin littattafai kan dabarun dara.
Magnus Carlsen (ɗan shekara 27) shine zakaran duniya a halin yanzu daga Norway, ɗayan estan tsofaffi a duniya.
Anand Vishwanathan (ɗan shekara 47) shi ne ɗan Indiya mafi ƙarfi a yanzu a duniya cikin sauri. Anand yana wasa da sauri sosai, yana ciyar da lokaci kadan yana tunani akan motsawa, harma da gasa tare da mafi karfi yan wasan chess a duniya.

Yadda ake zama kwararren dan wasan dara

Shin kun rigaya koya duk ƙa'idojin dara kuma kuna kan hanyarku don haɓaka? Ga abin da za a yi a gaba:

Koyi rubutu na aljebra. Wannan tsarin 'yan wasan chess suke amfani dashi don yin rikodin wasanni ko matsayin gutsuttsura a kan allo don karantawa da sake ƙirƙirar kowane wasa daga baya.
Koyi darajar siffofi. Ba duk ssan wasan chess suke da ƙarfi a cikin wasa ba. Koyi don ƙayyade ƙimarsu da mahimmancinsu a cikin wani yanki, to zaku fahimci ko ya cancanci sadaukarwa.
Kalli kuma bincika wasannin kakanin kakani, na da dana yanzu. Kalli wasan kwararru tsakanin masters.
Fara da koyo game da tsoffin wasannin daga 1600s zuwa farkon 1900s, sun fi saukin fahimta. Wasu misalan magabata na wannan zamanin: Adolph Andersen, Paul Morphy, Wilhelm Steinitz, Johannes Zukerert, Emanuel Lasker, José Raul Capablanca, Alexander Alekhine.
Warware wasanin gwada ilimi don taimaka maka gane da gano damar dabara da rauni.
Koyi amfani da injin dara da hankali na wucin gadi don nazari. Computers sune kayan aiki mafi amfani ga yan wasa a yau. Arena sanannen GUI ne na Windows da Linux. Tare da shi, za ku iya kallon wasanni a tsarin PGN, wanda za a iya zazzage su daga shafuka daban-daban. Yi rikodin wasanninku don nazari na gaba. Yi haka yayin kallon wasan kai tsaye, ka fahimci matsayin da kanka.
Bi ƙwararrun wasan chess a duniya. Ku san zakarun duniya na yanzu da zakarun duniya, masu daraja da matasa. Bi wasannin duniya.

Nasihun Bidiyo

Nasihu masu amfani da bayanai masu ban sha'awa

Kasance tare da karamar kungiyar chess. Yin wasa tare da abokin hamayyar ku fuska da fuska kuma kasancewa cikin ƙungiyar chess ita ce hanyar zama pro. Yakai abokan adawar matakin ku da wadanda suka fi karfi. Yi nazarin kowane wasa, haddace maɓallin motsawa cikin cin nasara da rasa wasanni.

Kuma 'yan ƙarin nasihu:

Warware karin dara wasan dara.
Yi amfani da dawakai yadda ya kamata kuma akai-akai.
Karanta littattafan dara, tarihin rayuwar mashahuran mashahuran.
Koyi daga asarar.
Yi nazarin motsawa.
Yi tunani akan wasan abokin hamayyar ku.

Daga wannan lokaci zuwa, fara wasa: kunna kuma sake, maimaita sake. Koyaushe kalubalanci kanka. Horon zai iya ɗaukar shekaru biyu, amma gamsuwa da kuka samu zai dace da ƙoƙari.

Kada ka taɓa fidda rai kuma kada ka wuce idan ka rasa! Rashin nasara shine dutse don cimma nasara!

Send