Kaiser Wilhelm da Friedrich - nau'ikan kyawawan furannin Gloxinia masu ban mamaki: haifuwa, dasa, kulawa
Atauna a farkon gani ... Wannan shine ainihin ma'anar da aka danganta da gloxinia a cikin yaren fure. Kuma wannan ba daidaituwa bane.
Bayan haka, wannan furannin yana jan hankalin masu noman fure da kuma masoya nan take.
A yau zamu bayyana sifofin bayyanar Kaiser gloxinia, sannan kuma muyi la'akari daki-daki game da nuances na kulawa da shi, hanyoyin haifuwa da kuma irin cututtukan da suke iya kamuwa da su.
Bayanin tsirrai da tarihin asali
Yana da tsire-tsire na pererous na dangin geranium. Gandun daji ba ya ɗaukar sarari da yawa - yana girma har zuwa santimita 25. Tana da maimaita fure, ma'ana, bayan tsofaffin ƙwayaye sun bushe, sababbi sun yi fure. Wannan yana ci gaba daga bazara zuwa kaka. A cikin yanayin buɗewa, furen ya kai diamita na 7-8 santimita. A kan shuka daya, tana iya narkewa har zuwa 20 buds a lokaci guda. Rashin inflorescence ya ƙunshi petals biyar.
Ana sanya faranti na ganye, waɗanda suke da ruɓaɓɓen fuska da gefuna masu juji, ga ƙananan cuts. Kowane ganye yana da girma sosai kuma ya kai tsayi zuwa santimita ashirin. Ganye suna da alama suna kewaye da kyawawan furanni waɗanda ke kan ƙananan gajerun hanyoyin. Duk wannan yana haifar da kyawawan kayan ado.
Wannan shuka an fara gano ta kuma aka bayyana ta da Latin Amurka mai launuka iri-iri. yayin balaguron da wani matashi mai son ilimin tsirrai mai suna Benjamin Gloxin ya yi a cikin ƙarshen ƙarni na 18. Arin haifuwa na wannan fure ya faru a cikin greenhouses.
Magana! Gloxinia ta sami suna na biyu - Sinningia, wanda a halin yanzu ake amfani da shi tare da na farko akan layi ɗaya.
Bayyanar abubuwa da wasu fasali
Ya kasu kashi biyu:
- gloxinia kaiser wilhelm;
- gloxinia kaiser friedrich.
Dukansu nau'ikan nau'ikan al'adun cikin gida ne. Haske mai zurfin tabarau suna da wuyar duban ido. Nau'in farko ana nuna shi da launi mai "zurfin" dare mai duhu - purple purple. Na biyu kuma ya yi fice saboda taushinta - an zana furanninta a cikin hoda. An gyara filayen shuke-shuke biyu a gefuna tare da iyakoki mai laushi fari, kuma farantin ganye suna da launi mai duhu mai duhu tare da ambaliyar Emerald.
Duk waɗannan kaddarorin gabaɗaya basa baka damar kallon nesa da kyakkyawar Gloxinia. Haƙiƙa ya bambanta da sauran albarkatun cikin gida waɗanda ke cike da lambun gidanka. Babban fasalin waɗannan nau'ikan ana iya ɗaukarsa cikin faɗawa cikin "rashin bacci" (fure yana da lokacin bacci).
Hoto
A ƙasa kuna iya ganin hoto na Gloxinia Kaiser Wilhelm iri-iri:
Kuma wannan hoton yana nuna Gloxinia Kaiser na nau'ikan Friedrich:
Shuka shawarwari
Zaɓin ƙasa
Yayi dacewa da ƙasa ta Gloxinia, an yi niyya don dasa violets. Amma zaka iya shirya samfurin da kanka ta hanyar haɗawa:
- ƙasa mai ganye (kashi 1);
- sod ƙasar (kashi 1);
- peat (rabin rabi).
Yana da kyau a lura cewa a cikin batun Sinningia, ana iya canza ɗan abin da ke cikin ƙasa kaɗan.
Babban abu shine saka idanu akan yanayin acidity na ƙasa - bai kamata ya wuce ƙimar 5.5 - 6.5 pH ba, wato, ya zama ɗan acidic kaɗan.
Wani abin buƙata don cakuda ƙasa shine cewa dole ne ya zama mai sauƙi kuma mai sauƙin wuce iska. Kafin amfani, ana ba da shawarar ƙasa don a bi da shi tare da maganin kashe ƙwayoyin cuta.
A dabi'a, kar a manta da zanan magudanar ruwa. Kasancewar sa a koda yaushe ya zama dole. Lokacin zabar akwati don dasa shuki, ba da fifiko ga kwantena masu faɗi da marasa zurfi. Suna iya zama ko filastik ko yumbu. Don karamin fure, kwandon fure mai girman santimita 7-8 ya dace; don girma Gloxinia, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar manyan jita-jita - santimita 10-15 a diamita.
Inda za a sanya kuma wane yanayin haske za a zaɓa?
Sinningia tsire-tsire ne mai son haske. Amma yafi kyau kada ka sanya shi don hasken rana kai tsaye ya sauka akan sa. Wannan gaskiyane ga lokacin fure. A cikin hunturu da bazara, ba shakka, zaku iya sanya tukunyar filawa a gefen kudancin gidan - a wannan lokacin rana ba ta yi zafi sosai ba. Amma tare da zuwan bazara, hasken don ɓoye kyawawan a cikin ɓangarorin mafi inuwa na ɗakin. Gabas, a cikin al'amuran da ba kasafai suke faruwa ba - yamma, ginshiƙan taga sun dace sosai.
Wararrun masu noman fure suna ba da shawarar farawa ba daga kakar ba, amma daga rayuwar rayuwar furen kanta. Don haka, alal misali, yayin haɓakar koren ɓangaren Gloxinia da ɗaukar burodin, ya kamata ya tsaya a wuri mai haske. Tare da furewar inflorescences, ana cire tukunyar fure zuwa wuri mai inuwa.
Wannan al'adar tana bukatar tsawon kwana 12 zuwa 14. Don tabbatar da waɗannan sharuɗɗan, yi amfani da hasken wucin gadi tare da fitilu masu ƙarfi. In ba haka ba, masu tushe za su hauhawa sama, kuma furanni zai zama da wuya ƙwarai, ko wataƙila ba kaɗan.
Adadin haske kuma yana shafar jikecin fatar a daidai gwargwado: haske mai yawa - launi mai haske na buds, kaɗan - launi ya zama kodadde.
Kulawa
Yanayin zafin jiki
Zafin jiki mafi kyau don girman Sinningia shine 24-25 digiri Celsius. Dole ne a kula da wannan alamar yayin lokacin da tsire-tsire ya bar yanayin bacci. A lokacin haɓakar sassan kore, dole ne a rage zafin jiki zuwa digiri 22 sama da sifili. Idan wannan ba zai yiwu ba, to a kara adadin haske. In ba haka ba, tsire-tsire zai fara shimfiɗa da yawa. game da shi zai rasa tasirinsa na ado.
Bayan furewa da toho, yakamata a sake zafin jiki zuwa digiri 25. Ka kula sosai cewa koda da daddare baya sauka kasa da digiri 18. Allowedara ɗan gajeren lokaci zuwa zafi har zuwa 28. Idan wannan mai nuna alama ya jinkirta na dogon lokaci, furannin zasu yi fure, amma zasu faɗi cikin kwanaki uku.
Danshi mai iska
Sinningia ta fi dacewa da iska mai ɗumi matsakaici. Don kiyaye wannan yanayin, lokaci-lokaci yi amfani da pallet tare da rigar da aka faɗaɗa yumɓu, gansakuka, ko kawai da ruwa.
Kuna iya fesa maganin gloxinia. Kawai kuna buƙatar yin wannan, misali, a cikin gidan wanka. A can, za ku goge kuma ku sabonta ganyen shukar, sannan ku rufe ƙofar kuma ku kashe fitilun cikin ɗakin har sai da ɗigon ruwa a kan faranti ganye ya bushe gabaki ɗaya. Idan ka fesa furen a cikin haske, toka masu launin ruwan kasa zasu bayyana akan ganyen, zasu fara rasa sifa, kuma gefunan su zasu fara lankwasawa.
Shayarwa
Shayar da tsire kamar yadda ake buƙata: bayan saman santimita biyu na ƙasa ya bushe. Zai fi kyau a yi hakan ta hanyar pallet ko, a cikin mawuyacin yanayi, tare da gefunan tukunyar fure, amma ba yadda za a yi a zuba ruwa a cikin ainihin mashigar tushen, saboda daga wannan ne lalacewar dukkanin tushen tushen yakan fara. Bayan rabin sa'a rabin kasar ta yi laushi, cire ruwa mai yawa daga kwanon rufin.
Dole ne a shirya ruwa: tsarkakewa, tace, ko daidaita tsakanin awanni 24. Yanayin zafin nasa ya zama kamar maki biyu sama da yanayin zafin yanayi. Wato, idan ɗakin digiri 18 ne kawai, to, kada kuyi ƙoƙari kuyi fure da ruwan dumi. Wajibi ne don rage aikin ban ruwa a cikin yanayin hadari: a wannan lokacin ƙasa ta bushe da kyau.
Top miya
Wata na fari ko biyu bayan dasa shukar baya buƙatar haduwa. Takin Kaiser kowane sati biyu. Kuna iya yin hakan sau ɗaya a cikin shekaru goma, amma to lallai yakamata ku tsarma hadaddun abubuwa tare da ƙananan nutsuwa. Zai fi kyau a zuba a cikin miya tare da gefunan tukunyar kuma zai fi dacewa da yamma ko a cikin gajimare. Ya kamata takin farko ya zama ma'adinai, sannan ya kamata ku canza zuwa kwayoyin.
Hankali! Potassium da phosphorus suna da kyau ga furanni, da nitrogen don kore ɓangaren shukar. Saboda haka, a watannin farko muna dogaro ne da hadadden nitrogen, duk wadanda zasu biyo baya akan wadanda suke dauke da sinadarin potassium da phosphorus da yawa.
Game da takin gargajiya, zaku iya amfani da daskararren tsuntsaye (zuba cokali 1 tare da lita biyu na ruwa) ko siyan hadadden tsarin kwayoyin halitta.
Lokacin fure
Idan kun bi duk ƙa'idodi don kiyaye Gloxinia, to bayan ganye 3-4 sun girma, furanni sun fara zama... Lambar su da girman su kai tsaye ya dogara da yanayin da ya dace. Bayan ƙwayayen sun fure, za a iya yanke ɓangaren ƙasa na shukar, a bar centan santimita na harbi. A wasu jinsunan synningia, wannan yana haifar da sake fure. Amma, da rashin alheri, wannan yana faruwa da ƙyar tare da Kaiser. Matsakaicin da wannan nau'in ya kai shine ci gaban ganye.
Mataki na hutawa
A farkon kaka, gloxinia ya bushe kuma ganye ya fado. Don haka shuka ta sanar game da farkon lokacin hunturu, wanda zai ɗauki kusan kwata na shekara. Bayan an gama sashin ƙasa gaba ɗaya ya mutu, sai a cire shi, sannan a sauya tukunyar tare da tuber zuwa ɗakin da zazzabin ya sauka zuwa digiri takwas a ma'aunin Celsius. Wannan mai nuna alama na iya sauka zuwa digiri 5.
Na biyu wani zaɓi don adana tuber a lokacin "rashin nutsuwa" zai zama ya matsar da shi cikin yashi mai dausayi... Wajibi ne kawai a jika ƙasa sau biyu a duk tsawon wannan lokacin, ban da iska mai bushewa sosai, a wannan yanayin yawan ban ruwa ya ƙaru zuwa da yawa.
Hanyoyin haifuwa
Don wannan nau'in gloxinia, haɓakar ciyayi ya fi dacewa, ƙari ma, shi ma mafi sauƙi.
Yankan ganye
Kada a zabi kananan ganye masu ban sha'awa. Bada fifiko ga tushen ganyaye. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin farin ciki yankan shine, yawancin tuber yana samuwa. Akwai hanyoyi biyu don yin wannan.
- Sanya yankan cikin ruwa ka jira saiwoyin farko suka bayyana, sannan ka dasa shi a ƙasa, ka rufe shi da kwalba na kwanaki 5-7.
- Nitsar da scion kai tsaye cikin ƙasa mai dausayi. Bayan haka, sake rufe shi da fim ko kwalba kuma sake yin haƙuri na makonni biyu. Wannan shine tsawon lokacin da zai ɗauki tushen cuttings. Ci gaba da zafin jiki a tsakanin digiri 22-23 a ma'aunin Celsius.
Kuna iya tsinkewa ba kawai ganye ba, amma ɗayan tsinkayyar gefe, kuma yi shi kamar yadda tare da yankan ganye.
Farantin takarda
Zaba lafiyayye, babban ganye. Yanke shi tare da jijiyoyin da suka fi dacewa zuwa sassa 2-3 kuma haɗa shi zuwa ƙasa, danna shi da sauƙi a lokaci guda. Kuma jira har sai kananan harbe suka bayyana akan kowane bangare.
Kwari da cututtuka
Tubers suna ruɓewa saboda yawan ruwa. Don adana tsire-tsire, cire ɓangarorin da suka lalace, kula da sauran da toka na itace da maganin sinadarin potassium permanganate. Kuma a nan gaba, sa ido kan tsarin mulki da yalwar shayarwa.
Late buguwa mafi yawancin lokuta ba shi da magani. Tana nuna kanta da farko ta ɗan ɗanɗano ganye, ta dakatar da haɓakar harbi da lahanta. Shayarwa kawai yana sa yanayin ya zama mafi muni. Rashin nasara ya bazu zuwa duk sassan fure. Tare da shuka, ya zama dole don kawar da gurɓatacciyar ƙasa.
Fusarium gloxinia ya kamu da cutar saboda wadataccen ruwa da kuma ƙasa mai danshi koyaushe. Ana bayyana ta nakasawar ganyayyaki da canza launi. Farkoki sun fara bayyana tare da mai tushe.
Hakanan za'a iya kaiwa Synningia hari ta hanyar kwari kamar 'yan cin abinci da jan gizogizin jan gizo. Bi da tsire-tsire tare da shirye-shiryen kwari kuma sanya ɗan kwalliyar na ɗan lokaci cikin wuri mai duhu, guje wa zane. Bayan samfurin ya bushe, ana iya mayar da furen asalin inda yake.
Tabbas, haɓakar gloxinia ba sauki bane, amma kwatankwacin sa da yabawa daga baƙi zuwa ga wannan fure ɗin sunada daraja.