Kulawa da noman tsire-tsire - matasan gloxinia

Gloxinia ta girma kamar tsiron gida na dogon lokaci. Wannan samfurin na wurare masu zafi yana da sauƙin kulawa, amma har yanzu yana buƙatar kulawa mai kyau.

Don irin wannan kyakkyawar ta farantawa ido rai na dogon lokaci tare da yawan furannin ta na shekara shekara, ya zama dole ayi karatun ta nutsu akan duk abubuwan da ake buƙata na kula da ita, dasa shukoki da kuma haifuwa.

Da ke ƙasa za ku ga yadda yake kama, samo dabaru da dabaru masu dacewa.

Tarihin asali

Ganye yana da sunaye guda biyu - Gloxinia da Sinningia.... A cikin 1785, an sami tsire-tsire a cikin Brazil - speckled gloxinia. An ba sunan suna don girmama masanin ilimin tsirrai da likita Peter Gloksin. Tsire-tsiren sa ya zama wakilin farko na dukkanin jinsi.

A cikin 1825, an sami wani wakilin wannan shuka kuma aka bayyana shi, wanda ya banbanta a tsarin fure da kasancewar tuber. An kwashe shukar zuwa lambun tsirrai na Landan, kuma masanin tsirrai Wilhelm Sinning yana nazarin sa. A cikin girmama shi, an kira wannan wakilin na gidan Gesneriev Sinningnia.

NASIHA! Daga baya, sunan Sinningnia an ba shi kyauta ne kawai ga Gloxinia kyakkyawa, kuma duk sauran matasan sun kasance gloxinia, wanda a Jamusanci ke nufin kararrawa. Amma tsire-tsire har yanzu yana da sunaye biyu, wanda ya saba da ilimin tsirrai - synningnia, dayan kuma don masu noman fure da yan koyo - gloxinia. Mahalli na asali - Mexico, Brazil, Andes.

Bayanin tsirrai

Gloxinia tsire-tsire ne na Gesneriaceae. Waɗannan galibi sune tsire-tsire masu zafi. Sun kasance sh-shrub, shrub da herbaceous. Tsarin tushen yana da tsinkaye, yana da rassa sosai, a cikin wasu nau'ikan tushen bangaren tuber ne. Katanga a tsaye take, tsirara, sirikin gashi.

Ganyen tsire-tsire na yau da kullun ne, m, sau da yawa ƙaramin ƙarfi, akasin haka. Ganye na iya zama mai sheki ko ɗan ɗanɗano... Furannin ba su da aure, suna fitowa ne daga gatari, masu haske, manya, masu kamannin ƙararrawa. Corollas sune tubular, zasu iya zama fari, launin ruwan kasa, purple da ruwan hoda. Kullum akwai stamens 4, amma babu nectary. Tsaba smallanana ne, akwai su da yawa.

Irin

Akwai manyan nau'ikan shuke-shuke guda uku, zasu iya haɗawa da ƙananan ra'ayoyi da nau'ikan da yawa, amma kwatancin kusan kwatancen su da fasalin su zai zama iri ɗaya.

Mai kauri-zaki

Tsire-tsire suna da tushe mai girma. Tsayinsu bai wuce santimita 5 ba. Ganyayyaki suna da tsayi, har zuwa santimita 19. Launin ganyayyaki kore ne mai haske, mai sheki. An tattara ganyen a cikin rosette na tushen. Corollas suna da buta mai budewa a tsaye. Bututun ya kunshi lanƙwasa guda biyar. Launi na furanni na iya bambanta.

A yawancin nau'ikan iri iri, fararen iyaka yana gudana gefen gefunan aljihun.... A mafi yawan lokuta, ana iya ganin bitmap mai zurfi a cikin bututun. Shuke-shuke yana da tubus, ana adana tubers da kyau a lokacin sanyi a cikin tukunyar su da waje. Furanni na iya yaɗuwa ta hanyar tsaba, a wannan yanayin furewar ba ta wuce watanni 8 bayan shuka.

Fure-fure

Tsire-tsire na wannan rukunin suna da gajerun duwatsu, wanda ba zai iya wuce tsayin centimita 2-5 ba. Gloxinia mai manyan furanni suna da "siriri" daji. Tunda ganyayyaki ba su wuce santimita 10 a tsayi ba, kuma ba su da yawa daga cikinsu. Ganyen na yau da kullun ne, masu sheki. Corolla na fure yana kama da mazurari, mai faɗi, a buɗe. Rim ɗin yana da lanƙwasa mai ɗoki shida har zuwa santimita 12 a diamita.

Furanni a yawancin nau'ikan suna haɗuwa tare da gefen, ba sau da yawa. Perianths na wannan nau'in koyaushe ana zana shi cikin sautunan karammiski. Tsire-tsire suna da ƙoshin lafiya, tubers ɗinsu ba sa jure damuna da kyau, kuma suna buƙatar ƙarin aiki kafin da lokacin ajiya. Suna ninkawa da kyau ta tsaba, bayan sun shuka sai suyi shuki bayan watanni 6. Gluxinia mai yalwar girma tana da matukar rauni don kulawa.

Na ado

Shuke-shuken shuke-shuke na iya yin girma zuwa santimita 7 a tsayi... Ganyen madaidaiciyar siffar. Takaddun zai iya zama tsawon santimita 15. Ganyayyakin Gloxinia na ado suna da rauni sosai. Launin ganyayyaki a yawancin iri launin ruwan kasa ne. Corolla na furannin suna da buɗaɗɗen bututun cuboid a tsaye. Irin waɗannan furanni na iya zama tare da lanƙwasa shida zuwa bakwai. Diamita lanƙwasa na iya zama zuwa santimita 12.

Furannin suna da girma, suna da girma ƙwarai don daji mai tsaka-tsakin ganye. Furanni na gloxinia na ado koyaushe suna da haske a launi, da wuya launinsu ya zama daidai, mafi yawanci brindle, tabo, taguwar, dan tudu da edging.

TAMBAYA! Shuke-shuken na bushewa, tubers na hunturu da kyau, a cikin tukunyar su ko a cikin yashi mai yashi.

Nawa ne ake da su?

Matakan Gloxinia suna da fiye da nau'ikan 25. Ba za a iya kirga irin shuka ba, kamar yadda masu kiwo a koyaushe ke haɓaka sabbin iri. Mafi shahara a cikinsu:

1. Yesenia iri-iri;
2. iri-iri Bohemia;
3. Kaiser Wilhelm ya girbi;
4. Jasmine iri-iri;
5. rukuni na nau'ikan Tydea;
6. iri-iri Taron dama;
7. sa Grozovoy Wucewa;
8. Tigrina iri-iri;
9. Blue Pearl iri-iri;
10. Jam'iyyar Dude iri-iri;
11. Ozark Pink Popcorn iri-iri;
12. Cutar Sinningia leucotricha.

Dokokin shuki da nasihu

Don ci gaban al'ada da haɓaka tsire-tsire, ya zama dole a yi la'akari da abubuwan da ke ciki - wuri mai dacewa, haske, zafi da yanayin zafin jiki, madaidaiciyar tukunya da ƙasa.

Haske da wuri

A cikin gida, gloxinia tana girma da kyau a ɗakunan ɗakin da mutane suka sani. Ba ya jure zafi sosai, bai kamata a saka fure a cikin ɗaki inda zafin zai iya kaiwa + 28C ba. Yayin lokacin girma da shuke-shuke, yanayin iska bai kamata ya zama sama da + 22-24C ba kuma ƙasa da + 16C. Minimumananan lokacin hunturu don ajiya na al'ada na tubers + 10-14C.

Ya kamata a zaɓi wuri don cikakken ci gaban gloxinia da haske sosai, kuma yana da mahimmanci don samar da tsire-tsire tare da ƙarin haske. Mafi kyawun zaɓuɓɓuka don sanya tukunya tare da gloxinia zai zama windowsill, baranda mai walƙiya. Da kyau, gilashin da ke kusa da shuka zai buɗe, amma kuma ya kamata su kare fure daga iska.

Gloxinia tana son ƙarancin iska mai matsakaici, idan ba zai yuwu a wadata ɗakin da abin ɗumi ba, za ku iya samun iska a lokaci-lokaci ku hutar da iska ta hanyar fesa ruwa daga cikin kwalbar feshi.

Bukatun ƙasa

Don shuka gloxinia, ana buƙatar ƙasa mai zuwa:

• Sassan 2 na ƙasa mai ganye;
• 1 ɓangaren peat ko ƙasar greenhouse;
• 1 yashi rafi.

Soilasa ya kamata ya zama na ƙarancin acidity da kuma numfashi... Don yin wannan, dole ne a daɗe sosai. Hakanan yana da mahimmanci don lalata ƙasa. Don wannan, wani bayani na wakili na musamman "Maxim" ya dace, don lita 2 na ruwa 1 ampoule na miyagun ƙwayoyi. Kafin shuka, dole ne a sanya magudanan ruwa mai kyau a ƙasan tukunyar. Wiwi mai guxin gloxinia ya cancanci siyan mara zurfi amma mai fadi. Tunda tushen tsarin shuka na waje ne kuma baya bukatar zurfafawa.

MUHIMMANCI! Don cikakken ci gaban tsarin tushen, ana buƙatar nesa na santimita 4-5 tsakanin tuber da bangon jirgin ruwa.

Yadda ake kulawa da kyau?

Gloxinia yana da fasali da yawa waɗanda ke da mahimmanci a kula da ita:

1. Bayan lokacin fure, ɓangaren ƙasa na shukar ya mutu, kuna buƙatar jira har sai wannan aikin ya kammala gaba ɗaya da kansa.
2. Lokacin da ɓangaren ƙasa ya mutu, tsire-tsire ya bar na ɗan lokaci, a wannan lokacin yana buƙatar hadi da potassium monophosphate. Yayin miƙa mulki zuwa lokacin bacci, ba za a iya amfani da takin mai nitrogen a tukunyar shuka ba.
3. Gloxinia, ba tare da kasawa ba, dole ne ya karɓi zafin rana na awoyi 14 a rana, ana iya samar da wannan ta ƙarin haske tare da fitilu na musamman.

Shayarwa

Shayar gloxinia lokacin girma yana da yawa. Ruwan ya zama mai laushi, daidaita kuma 2-3C ya fi ɗumi ɗumi ɗumi. Kuna iya shayar da gloxinia a cikin tire ko kuma a gefen tukunya. Idan ana aiwatar da ruwa ta cikin rami, to bayan mintuna 20-30 dole ne a kawar da sauran ruwan da ke ciki.

A lokacin rani rani, ana aiwatar da ruwa sau 3 a mako... A lokacin sanyi, ya kamata a rage wannan tsari zuwa sau 2-3 a wata, saboda ƙasa tana bushewa. A lokacin baccin, dole ne a rage ruwa, amma kuma hana ƙasa bushewa.

Cututtuka na yau da kullun da kwari

Gloxinia yana da saukin kamuwa da irin waɗannan cututtukan:

• ganye ya zama rawaya - saboda ƙarancin zafi da ƙarancin rana;
• launuka masu launin ruwan kasa akan ganye - tashi daga amfani da ruwan sanyi don ban ruwa;
• ganye kala-kala ne kuma babu furanni - saboda rashin hasken haske da karancin abinci mai gina jiki.

Kwaro mai cutar gloxinia:

• miyar gizo-gizo - yana ƙarfafa ɓangaren ƙasa na gloxinia tare da farin gizo, don yaƙi, ana buƙatar maganin tsire-tsire nan da nan tare da acaricides;
• thrips da kuma aphids - ƙananan kwari, kai farmaki ga tsire-tsire tare da yankuna kuma gaba ɗaya ya mutu, a farkon bayyanarsu, ana buƙatar magani na gaggawa tare da magungunan kwari.

Hanyoyin kiwo

Sake haifuwa na gloxinia yana yiwuwa ta hanyoyi guda uku.

Tsaba

Daga Nuwamba zuwa Fabrairu, kuna buƙatar shuka tsaba a cikin cakuda ƙasa mai ganye, peat da yashi a cikin rabo 1: 1.

1. Kada a binne tsaba, amma a yayyafa su ƙasa.
2. Sanya akwati da tsaba a wuri mai haske da dumi, lokaci-lokaci ana fesa ƙasa da ruwan dumi.
3. Idan ya cancanta, rufe albarkatun gona da tsare da kuma samun iska lokaci-lokaci.
4. Sprouts ya bayyana a cikin kwanaki 14-20. Tuni aka fara tohuwa da ganye 2-3 a tukunyar su.

Yankan

1. Ganye tare da ƙaramin petiole na santimita 1-1.5 an sare daga shuka.
2. Petiole yana da tushe a cikin cakuda peat da yashi (1: 1) kuma an rufe shi don ƙirƙirar tasirin greenhouse.
3. Sauya tsire-tsire sau ɗaya a rana.
4. Bayan makonni 3, an kafa tubers matasa, sannan ana iya buɗe shuka kuma, idan ya cancanta, dasa shi.

Sannan zaku iya ganin yadda wannan aikin yake gudana.:

Rabon tuber

1. An tsabtace babban tuber mai lafiya daga ragowar ƙasa kuma ya kasu kashi-kashi tare da wuka mai kaifi.
2. Kowane bangare dole ne ya sami kubuta.
3. Wuraren yanka suna bushe da tokar itace.
4. Kowane yanki an dasa shi a cikin tukunya kamar cikakken tuber. Kar a sha ruwa na kwana 3 na farko.

Babu wani mai shuki wanda bai taɓa cin karo da shuka kamar gloxinia ba. Ta daɗe tana mamaye zukata da kyanta. Duk abubuwan da aka bayyana don kula da ita basu da rikitarwa, saboda haka zaka iya amintar da irin wannan kyakkyawar a cikin gida lafiya.

Kalli bidiyon: blessed by allah (Yuli 2024).