Ellora ɗayan ɗayan gidajen ibada ne masu ban sha'awa a Indiya

Send

Ellora, Indiya - karamin ƙauyen ciniki, wanda, watakila, da ba a san kowa da shi ba, in ba don haikalin da ke cikin kogon da aka sassaka cikin duwatsu ba. Kasancewa madaidaiciyar mizanin tsarin gine-ginen addini na Gabas, suna burgewa da darajarsu da yanayi mara misaltuwa.

Janar bayani

Black Caves na Ellora, an ƙirƙira shi a cikin ƙarni daga ƙarni 6 zuwa 9. n e., suna cikin ƙauye mai suna iri ɗaya a cikin jihar Maharashtra (yankin tsakiyar ƙasar). Wurin ginin su ba zaba kwatsam ba ne, domin a zamanin da, a daidai wannan lokacin, wanda yake nesa da Ajanta, hanyoyin kasuwanci da yawa sun haɗu, suna jawo yan kasuwa da matafiya daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Ya kasance a kan harajinsu aka gina wannan rukunin, ko kuma a'a, an sassaka shi cikin dutsen mafi ƙarfi.

Ginin, wanda ke ba da shaidar halin haƙuri na Hindu game da wakilan sauran addinai, ya ƙunshi temples da yawa, waɗanda aka kasu kashi uku - Buddha, Jain da Hindu. Don jin daɗin yawon buɗe ido, masana kimiyya da jagora, duk an ƙidaya su a tsarin gini - daga 1 zuwa 34.

Daga yamma zuwa gabas, dutsen, wanda aka sassaka shi da kogo Ellore na musamman, ya ratsa ta koguna guda huɗu. Mafi girma daga cikinsu, Elaganga, yana samar da ruwa mai ƙarfi wanda yake bayyana anan kawai lokacin lokacin damina.

Masana kimiyya da ke nazarin gidajen ibada na Ellora ba su iya samun wata hujja ta kimiyya ba game da yadda daidai aka gina ɗayan mafi kyawun tsarin addini a Indiya. Yawancin ra'ayoyin da suke wanzu a yanzu suna dogara ne akan bayanan da aka ɗauka daga tsofaffin rubuce-rubuce da allunan jan ƙarfe. Ta hanyar taimakonsu ne ya zama za a iya tabbatar da cewa an fara juya kogon Ellora zuwa haikalin kusan 500 AD, lokacin da sufaye waɗanda suka gudu daga Ajanta suka koma wannan yankin.

A yau gidajen ibada, waɗanda, duk da ƙarnin da suka daɗe da wanzuwarsu, suna cikin kyakkyawan yanayi, an haɗa su cikin Lissafin al'adun duniya na UNESCO kuma suna ƙarƙashin kariyar ƙasa. A yau, ana iya amfani da zane-zane, zane-zane da sassaƙaƙƙun duwatsu waɗanda aka sassaka a bangon bango don nazarin al'adun Indiya, tatsuniyoyi da tarihi.

Hadadden tsari

Zai ɗauki fiye da kwana ɗaya don sanin yawancin gidajen ibada na Ellora a Indiya. Idan kuna da onlyan awanni kawai a wurinku, ku san tsarin wannan hadadden a ɓace - wannan zai ba ku damar zana mafi kyawun hanyar.

Gidajen addinin Buddha

Gidajen Buddhist, daga wanda, a zahiri, aka fara gina wannan babbar alama, suna yankin kudu na hadaddun. Akwai 12 daga cikin su gabaɗaya - kuma amma banda ɗayan viharas ne, ƙananan gidajen ibada da ake amfani da su don yin zuzzurfan tunani, koyarwa, al'adun addini, tsakar dare da liyafa. Babban fasalin waɗannan kogwannin ana ɗaukar su a matsayin hotunan Buddha masu banƙyama, suna zaune a cikin maganganu daban-daban, amma koyaushe suna kallon gabas, zuwa ga fitowar rana. Abubuwan birgewa daga gidajen ibada na Buddha ba su da tabbas - idan wasunsu ba su gama bayyana ba, to a cikin wasu akwai hawa hawa 3 da adadi mai yawa na kowane irin mutummutumi.

Don isa wannan ɓangaren hadadden, kuna buƙatar hawa kan matsakaiciyar matattakalar bene wacce ke tafiya cikin ƙasa na kimanin mita 20. A ƙarshen zuriya, baƙi na iya ganin Tin-Thal, babban gidan addinin Buddha na Ellora. Mutum-mutumi mai hawa uku, wanda aka ɗauka ɗayan manyan wuraren tsafin kogo a duniya, yana da sauƙi mai sauƙi: layuka guda uku na murabba'ai masu faɗi, ƙyamaren ƙofar shiga da manyan dandamali na basalt wanda aka kawata shi da wasu sassaƙaƙƙun sassaƙa. Tin-Thal kanta ta ƙunshi ɗakunan falo masu faɗi da yawa, a cikin wayewar gari wanda manyan zane-zane masu ban sha'awa ke walƙiya.

Hakanan abin farin ciki shine gidan ibada na Buddha na Rameshwara, wanda ke cikin yawancin hotunan yawon shakatawa na Ellora a Indiya. Bayarwa ga ginin tsakiya a yanki da girma, ya fi shi girma da wadatar ƙirar ƙirar ta. Kowane santimita na wannan ginin an kawata shi da kyawawan sassaƙa, yana mai tuno da hannayen mutane waɗanda suka daskare a cikin mummunan tashin hankali. Rameshwar vaults suna da goyan baya da ginshiƙai 4, ɓangarorin sama waɗanda aka yi su da siffar manyan siffofin mata, kuma ƙananan an kawata su da manyan taimako a kan batun tatsuniyar Indiya. A cikin haikalin akwai halittu da yawa masu ban sha'awa waɗanda ke kewaye da mai shigowa daga kowane bangare kuma suna sanya masa ainihin tsoro. Tsoffin shugabannin sun iya isar da filastik na motsi daidai yadda hotunan alloli, mutane da dabbobi da suke ado bangon kogon suna kama da suna da rai.

Gidajen Hindu

17 Kogon Hindu, wanda yake a saman Dutsen Kailash, babbar alama ce da aka zana daga wani dutse mai faɗi. Kowane ɗayan wuraren bautar yana da kyau a yadda yake, amma ɗayan ne kawai ke tayar da sha'awa - wannan shine haikalin Kailasanatha. Idan aka yi la'akari da babban lu'u-lu'u na dukkanin hadaddun, yana ba da ƙima da girmanta kawai, amma har ma da fasahar gini na musamman. An sassaka wani katafaren wuri mai tsarki, tsayinsa, fadinsa da tsayinsa m, 30, 33 da 61, daga sama zuwa kasa.

Ginin wannan haikalin, wanda ya ɗauki kusan shekaru 150, ya gudana a cikin matakai. Da farko dai, maaikatan sun haƙa rijiya mai zurfi, suna cire akalla tan dubu 400 na dutse. Sannan masu sassaka duwatsu da yawa sun ƙirƙiro hanyoyi 17 da ke kaiwa zuwa manyan dakunan taruwa. A lokaci guda, masu sana'a sun fara ƙirƙirar rumbuna da sassaƙa ƙarin ɗakuna, kowannensu an yi shi ne don takamaiman abin bauta.

Bangon haikalin Kailasanatha a Ellora, wanda kuma ake kira "saman duniya", kusan an rufe shi da kayan kwalliya masu nuna al'amuran daga nassosi masu tsarki. Yawancinsu suna da alaƙa da Shiva - an yi imanin cewa babban allahn Hindu ya zauna a kan wannan dutsen na musamman. Ka'idodi da kayayyaki, idan aka duba sosai, suna da girma uku. Wannan abin lura ne sosai a faɗuwar rana, lokacin da inuwa da yawa suka bayyana daga adon da aka sassaka a cikin dutsen - da alama dai hoton a hankali yake rayuwa kuma ya fara tafiya a hankali cikin hasken rana.

Masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa wannan tasirin gani an ƙirƙira shi da gangan. Abin takaici, sunan marubucinsa bai kasance ba a sani ba, amma gaskiyar cewa mai ginin ɗaya ya yi aiki a kan aikin kogon Hindu ba shi da wata shakka - ana nuna wannan ta faranti na tagulla da aka samo a ɗayan ɗakunan.

Saboda keɓaɓɓen abin da dutsen ya ƙunsa, gidan ibada na Kailasanath a Ellora (Indiya) ya kasance kusan canzawa tun lokacin kafuwar sa. Bugu da ƙari, a wasu wurare za ku iya ganin alamun farin fenti, wanda ya sa waɗannan kogwannin suka yi kama da ƙwanƙolin tsaunukan dusar ƙanƙara.

Gano Farashi ko sanya kowane masauki ta amfani da wannan fom

Gidajen Jain

Na ƙarshe, ƙarami Ellora caves suna a arewacin ɓangaren hadadden. Sun rabu da sauran gine-ginen kusan kilomita 2, saboda yawancin yawon bude ido ba su taɓa zuwa nan ba. Akwai haikalin Jain guda biyar gaba ɗaya, amma ɗayan kawai aka kammala. Don wasu dalilai da ba a sani ba, aiki kan ginin mafi girman bautar Indiya ba zato ba tsammani ya tsaya, kodayake al'adun Jain a wancan lokacin suna fuskantar mafi girman ci gabanta.

Gidajen kogon Jain, waɗanda aka yi wa ado da zane-zane da kyawawan abubuwa masu kyau, an keɓe su ne ga alloli uku - Gomateshwar, Mahavir da Parshvanath. A na farkonsu, zaku iya ganin wani mutum-mutumin tsiraici na allahn da aka nitsar a cikin zurfin tunani - ƙafafunsa suna lulluɓe da inabi, kuma a ƙasan gunkin kansa zaku iya ganin hotunan gizo-gizo, dabbobi da dabbobi masu rarrafe.

Kogo na biyu, wanda aka sadaukar da shi ga wanda ya kirkiro falsafar Jain, an kawata shi da hotuna masu ban mamaki na zakoki masu girma, manyan filaye da Mahavir kansa. Na uku, wanda aka rage kwafin gidan ibada na Shaiva, ragowar zanen rufin ne kawai ya rage a ciki, wanda hakan ke haifar da babbar sha'awa tsakanin masu sukar fasaha da baƙi na yau da kullun.

Amfani masu Amfani

Idan kuna shirin ziyartar Kogin Ellora a Indiya, duba shawarwarin waɗanda suka riga suka kasance:

A ƙofar rukunin ginin, birai da yawa sun yi ta jujjuyawa, wanda ba a biyan kuɗi don kame kamara ko kyamarar bidiyo daga hannun yawon buɗe ido, don haka ya kamata a kiyaye duk abubuwa masu ƙaranci ko ƙasa.
A cikin kogo da yawa akwai faɗuwar rana - tabbas ka ɗauki tocila tare da kai, saboda ba tare da ita ba kawai ba za ka ga komai ba.

Yin tafiya a cikin ɗakin taro, kar a manta game da ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin ɗabi'a. Idan ga Turawa abin birgewa ne mai ban sha'awa, to ga Indiyawa wuri ne mai tsarki. Don kowane keta za a fitar da kai ba tare da ka ba ka bayani ba.
Lokacin da kuke shirin tafiya zuwa wuraren bautar duwatsu, kar ku manta da duba lokutan buɗe su (Watan-Litinin. 07:00 zuwa 18:00).
Zai fi kyau ka fara saninka da ɗayan manyan abubuwan jan hankali na Indiya daga Kailasanatha. Kuna buƙatar zuwa kai tsaye zuwa buɗewa, saboda zuwa ƙarfe 12 ba za a sami cunkoson mutane a nan ba.
Idan kuna shirin ciyar da aƙalla fewan awanni a cikin kogo, ku zo da wasu kwalabe biyu na ruwan ma'adinai. Duk da yawan dutse, akwai zafi sosai anan, kuma ana saida ruwa ne kawai a ƙofar.
Kada ma ku yi ƙoƙari ku ɗauki pebbles kamar abin tunawa - wannan an hana shi a nan. Akwai wadatattun masu tsaro a yankin rukunin hadaddun, kuma kusan ba shi yiwuwa a banbance su daga jagororin ko mazaunan yankin.

Kada ku yarda da hoton kai tsaye tare da mazauna gari - ɗauki hoto tare da aƙalla ɗayansu, zaku yaƙi sauran tsawon lokaci.
Ellora (Indiya) sananne ne ba kawai don gidajen ibada na musamman ba, har ma don kyawawan al'adu da nishaɗin shirin. Don haka, a farkon Disamba, ana gudanar da bikin kiɗa da raye-raye a nan, wanda ke jan hankalin mutane da yawa. A dabi'a, a tsakanin wasan kwaikwayon, dukansu suna rugawa zuwa tsoffin kogwanni, waɗanda ba sa shan wahala daga ƙarancin yawon buɗe ido.
Ana ba baƙi ɗakunan cin abinci 2 da bandakuna da yawa, amma mafi kyawu shine a ƙofar.