Bayani mai amfani akan dasa shuki da kulawa da kyawawan geraniums. Hoto na furanni
A cikin filayen lambu da gadaje na filawa, zaku iya samun adadi mai yawa na tsire-tsire na titi masu furanni daban-daban. Da yawa daga cikinsu sun fi saninmu a cikin furen fure na cikin gida, amma galibi waɗannan albarkatun ana iya girma ba tare da matsala a filin ba. Gorgeous geranium tsire-tsire ne tare da kyawawan furanni waɗanda ke girma cikin rukuni-rukuni kuma ya kai tsayi har zuwa rabin mita. Inflorescences na Geranium suna da launi mai launi mai haske tare da kasancewar jijiyoyin duhu. Furewa tana farawa ne a watan Yuni.
Bayani da tarihin abin da ya faru
Kyakkyawan geranium ya haɗa da kusan nau'in 400 kuma yana girma a yankuna da yawa na Turai, Asiya da Amurka. Bambanci tsakanin kyawawan nau'ikan geranium ya ta'allaka ne da sifa, girma da launi na ganye.
Duk ire-iren wannan geranium suna da tsayayyar jituwa da yanayin yanayi mara kyau. Ganyen Geranium na da dausayi sosai, kuma idan rana ta same su a lokacin kaka, za ka ga yadda suke yin launuka daban-daban, daga koren haske zuwa kore mai haske.
Bugu da kari, ganyayyaki masu yatsu biyar ne da bakwai, za su iya kai tsawon santimita goma a tsayi, akwai notches a gefen gefuna, kuma suna da gudu zuwa tabawa. Furannin Geranium sun kai kimanin santimita uku a cikin diamita, waɗanda aka tattara a cikin inflorescences mai laima mai laima tare da ƙarancin ƙarshen.
A matsayinka na mai mulki, suna da launuka ja, kodan da shuɗi, akwai nau'ikan da yawa tare da fararen furanni. Blooms a ko'ina cikin watan. Tushen tsarin kyakkyawan geranium yana dauke da babban iko a tsayi, sakamakon haka shukar ta tsiro a cikin kankanin lokaci a duk ilahirin shirin da aka yi niyyar shukawa.
Tarihin wannan shuka ya faro ne a wajajen ƙarni na goma sha bakwai, daga nan ne duk manyan mutanen Turai suka fara amfani da waɗannan furannin don ƙirar wuraren shakatawa, da kuma dasa shuki a cikin gadajen filawa da lambuna.
Shahararrun iri da hotuna
Daga cikin shahararrun nau'ikan kyawawan geraniums, waxannan an rarrabe su:
Alan Mayes. Shuke-shuken daji ne mai ganye. A cikin tsawo, daji na iya isa santimita 40, kuma a cikin nisa - 35 santimita. Furannin shuɗi ne da jijiyoyin shuɗi masu duhu. A diamita na daya fure ne game da 4.5 santimita.
- Jinin Shudi. An gabatar da tsire-tsire a cikin siffar daji mai zagaye, geraniums a tsayi da faɗi zai iya zuwa santimita 30. Furen wannan nau'ikan yana da launi mai launin shuɗi tare da shuɗi mai duhu, kusan jijiyoyin baƙi. A diamita na daya flower - 4,5 santimita.
Mrs. Kendall Clark. Ana gabatar da geranium a cikin hanyar daji mai tsayi, tsayinsa ya kai santimita 60. Furannin iri-iri suna da launin shuɗi mai shuɗi tare da ruwan hoda.
- Rosemoor. Ana gabatar da geranium a cikin hanyar daji mai matsakaiciya, tsayi har zuwa santimita 45, nisa zuwa santimita 35. Furannin shukar suna da launi mai lilac-shuɗi tare da jijiyoyin shuɗi masu duhu, har zuwa santimita 5 a diamita.
Dokokin shuki da gyaran jiki da nasiha
A mafi yawan lokuta, ana shuka kyawawan geraniums a cikin buɗaɗɗiyar ƙasa a cikin tsire-tsire guda ɗaya a kan ciyawa ko ciyawar. Dasa shuki baya buƙatar ƙwarewa ta musamman.
Tunda kwazazzabo geranium bakararre ne (baya samar da fruitsa fruitsan itace da seedsa seedsan itace), dasa shukar zai yiwu ne kawai ta hanyar raba rhizome. Lokacin dasa tsinkayen a cikin ramin da aka riga aka shirya, kar fa ku manta da zuba cakuda ƙasa, peat da yashi a ƙasa, wannan zai ba da gudummawa ga saurin rooting.
Yana da kyau a shuka geranium a cikin tsibirai: dazuzzuka da yawa a nan kusa, sannan kuma wasu busan bushes a nesa na kusan santimita 40. Wannan ya zama dole don tsire-tsire ba su tsoma baki tare da juna yayin haɓakar tushen tsarin.
Haske da wuri
Mafi kyawun yanayin zafi don haɓakar kyakkyawan geranium shine + 15 ° C. Shuka ba ta haƙuri da hasken rana kai tsaye, don haka dole ne a dasa ta a cikin inuwar m.
Lawns, gadaje masu filawa, da filayen lambu sune wurare masu kyau don shuka shukar.
Bukatun ƙasa
Forasa don dasa kyakkyawan geraniums ya kamata ya kasance tare da tsaka tsaki ko haɓakar acidic; peat da yashi ya kamata su kasance a cikin ƙasa, tunda suna da fa'ida mai amfani akan haɓakar tsire-tsire (kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, a sauƙaƙe za ku iya haɗa cakuɗin waɗannan abubuwan a cikin rami yayin aikin geranium).
A lokacin kaka, ya kamata a saka humus da sauran takin mai ma'adinai a cikin ƙasa.
Yadda ake kulawa da kyau?
Shuka tana da kyakkyawan ra'ayi game da shayarwa, sabili da haka, ya zama dole a kula da yanayin ƙasa da kyau kuma hana shi bushewa. Koyaya, idan da wasu dalilai ba a shayar da tsire-tsire ba har tsawon makonni, to, zai ci gaba da rayuwa, tunda yana da tsayayya ga yanayin yanayin zafin jiki da yawa.
Kyakkyawan geranium yana fure sosai a lokacin rani, amma yana buƙatar kulawa ta musamman daga kaka zuwa bazara. A wannan lokacin, an fi so a sanya shukar a cikin yanayin bacci ba tare da shayarwa ko ba da takin ba.
Don mafi yawan furanni, yakamata a ɗora saman tsire-tsire a cikin bazara. Bayan tsinkewa, yakamata a kiyaye da kuma samo tushen domin furannin su ninka. A lokacin bayan dasa shuki, yakamata a dunkule kasar don rage yawan sassautawa.
Wannan tsiron yana son yanayi mara kyau da ƙasa mai haske. Sabili da haka, bayan kowace ruwa, yakamata ku sassauta ƙasa kusa da tushen shukar. Kulawa na shuke-shuke ya hada da datsa fure na fure, musamman, ya kamata a cire tsire-tsire masu narkewa.
Tare da wannan kwalliyar, furannin zai daɗe sosai. A lokacin kaka, ya kamata a cire ganyen rawaya. Shuka ba ta son dasawa, har ma ba tare da ita ba, tana iya girma a wuri ɗaya na tsawon shekaru 10 ko ma 15.
Cuta da maganin kwari
Babban geranium, kamar kowane shuki, yana da saukin kamuwa da cututtuka daban-daban da kwari. Daga cikin cututtukan tsire-tsire mafi yawan gaske, ana bambanta waɗannan masu zuwa:
- Rot. Irin wannan rashin lafiyar na iya faruwa saboda kulawa mara kyau. Ya bayyana a matsayin launuka masu launin ruwan kasa a saman shukar. Don magance wannan cuta, ya kamata a cire wuraren da abin ya shafa na shuka ko a kula da su da shirye-shirye na musamman.
- Tumatir tumatir. Ya bayyana a cikin nau'i na tabo na annular. Don shawo kan wannan cuta, kana buƙatar amfani da kwayoyi masu ƙunshe da abubuwan sinadarai. Idan lalacewar dazuzzuka sun fi ƙarfi, to mafi kyawun zaɓi shine a cire shukar gaba ɗaya ta hanyar ƙonawa, ana buƙatar ci gaban ƙasa inda wannan tsiron ya girma.
Daga cikin kwari mafi yawan gaske, ana bambanta waɗannan masu zuwa:
- Aphid Don shawo kan shi, ya kamata ku yi amfani da hanyoyi na musamman da nufin yaƙi da waɗannan kwari.
- Fari. Maganin da ake kira Spark yana yaƙar su daidai.
- Caterpillars. Hanyar hanyar cire su ita ce ta hanyar tattara kayan hannu.
Hanyoyin kiwo
Kamar yadda muka gani a sama, ba za'a iya yada shuka ta amfani da tsaba ba, saboda haka hanya daya tilo ita ce ta raba rhizome, wanda ake aiwatarwa a farkon Maris ko karshen watan Agusta.
A lokaci guda, yana yiwuwa a raba rhizome ne kawai lokacin da kyakkyawan geranium ya kai shekaru 5-7.
Don raba daji ya zama dole a sare yankin da ya zama dole tare da rhizome tare da taimakon rag ko felu, sa'annan a binne sosai, tushen ya zama yana da zurfin aƙalla santimita 20. Taki ko takin mai magani ya kamata a sa a kasan ramin da aka binne daji. An shayar da shuka.
Agrotechnics na shuka girma
A yayin ci gaba da girma geraniums, aikin hannu ne kawai za'a iya amfani da su. Lokacin dasa shuki, zaka buƙaci kayan haɗin kayan lambu iri-iri kamar su yankan itace, felu, rowan shayarwa da sauransu.
Babban geranium shine tsire-tsire wanda ke jan hankali ba kawai tare da furanni mai haske ba, har ma da ganyaye masu ban mamaki. Ba son zuciya bane girma da shuka.
Zai iya girma a kowane yanki na ƙasa, wanda aka bayyana ta juriyarsa ga canje-canje a yanayin yanayi. Tare da kulawa kaɗan da shayarwa, zai girma cikin sauri kuma yana faranta ido daga tsakiyar bazara zuwa ƙarshen bazara.
Ba su da saukin kamuwa da cuta, amma suna samun sauƙin warkewa idan sun faru. Lokacin takin zamani, baya buƙatar ƙoƙari mai yawa, yana son peat da yashi kogi.