Sihiri na orchids na rawaya: ƙwarewar kulawa da furanni da hotunan manyan iri
Daga cikin manyan nau'ikan launuka na orchid, shuke-shuke ne tare da furanni masu launin rawaya-amber waɗanda ke tsayawa don asalinsu da ƙwarewar su.
Orchid mai launin rawaya na nau'ikan tsire-tsire ne masu gauraye kuma yana da kwanciyar hankali don girma cikin yanayin gida.
A cikin labarin, zamuyi la'akari da irin ire-iren waɗannan furannin, nazarin tarihin masu shayarwa, sannan kuma gano menene kwari zasu iya kai hari ga orchid yellow.
Menene waɗannan furannin?
Ma'anar nau'in
Wannan nau'in a yanayi yana girma kai tsaye akan bishiyoyi, wanda yake amfani dashi maimakon tallafi. Tushen sa suna rataye a cikin iska kuma suna sha ruwa daga gare ta. Rawaya orchid tana ciyarwa akan ragowar rubabbun shuke-shukecewa tara a cikin bawo.
Bayanin kamanni
Halin orchid na rawaya yana da yanayin furanni mai tsawo, tare da ƙamshi mai ƙayatarwa, ƙananan launuka masu launin zuma tare da tabarau daban-daban, sepals tare da soso a tsakiyar siffofi daban-daban, launuka, wuri don zaɓen zaɓe kai tsaye.
Ganyayyaki na fata ne kuma masu fadi, suna kusa da sifar silinda, suna sa tsire-tsire mara ƙarancin haske. Orchid na cikin gida ana ɗaukar shi ƙaramin shuka kuma tare da takalmin gyaran kafa ya kai kimanin rabin mita.
Magana! Furewa tare da kulawa mai kyau na iya ɗaukar tsawon watanni 5-6. A wannan lokacin, har zuwa furanni 60 zasu iya bayyana akan jijiyar.
Hoto
Anan ga mafi kyawun hotunan furanni mai daskararre tare da inuwa mai tsabta:
Lemon-mai launuka iri-iri
Mashahuran matasan rawaya:
- Phalaenopsis Zinariya Maryam.
- Phalaenopsis Emerald.
- Jamaika, Zinare.
- Trivento.
Tarihin kiwo
Gida na - yankuna masu zafi na kudu maso gabashin Asiya. A dabi'a, akwai fiye da nau'ikan sittin na wannan shuka. Orchid sananne ne ga kimiyya tun daga karni na sha bakwai.kodayake sunan zamani an sanya shi a karni na sha tara ta Karl Blume (darektan lambun tsirrai na Leiden). Kai tsaye ya lura da kamanceceniyar waɗannan launuka tare da malam buɗe ido, yana nazarin yankuna masu zafi na Malaysia tare da gilashin ido.
Umarni mataki-mataki
Kulawa
Kyakkyawan orchid yana da sauƙin kulawa. Yana da kyau a cikin tukunya mara launi tare da matattara ta musamman, wanda ke ba da damar riƙe ruwa don shuka, na iya taimakawa tushen sa numfashi, kuma baya tsami. Don yin irin wannan ƙasa a gida, ana amfani da bawon pine, peat sphagnum, da gawayi.
Nasiha! Takin takaddama yana faruwa bayan shagon farko da ya fure don kawar da bushewar fure.
Ba a buƙatar dasawa akai-akai, sau ɗaya kawai a cikin shekaru 2. Lokaci zuwa lokaci, ya fi dacewa da bincika tushen tushen da cire cututtukan tushen rauni da wuka mai kaifi. Lallai ana nome wuraren yanka tare da gawayi ko ƙibiritu don gujewa ruɓewa.
Yana da kyau a yi amfani da tsari mai rikitarwa na musamman don orchids.... Koyaya, dole ne a tuna cewa yawan takin mai magani na iya haifar da mummunan sakamako kuma maimakon ingantaccen shukar fure, yana yiwuwa a sami rauni da rashin lafiya.
Waɗannan furannin suna girma kuma suna yin yanayin zafin jiki, zafi, da yanayin hasken gida. Kodayake ana ɗaukarsu shuke-shuke masu son haske, suna iya yin ba tare da haske mai ƙarfi ba, kasancewa a bayan ɗakin. Girma yana yiwuwa ko da ƙarƙashin hasken wucin gadi.
Wurin da aka fi so akan windows windows yana fuskantar kai tsaye yamma, gabas. Har ila yau ya zama dole a yi la'akari da cewa haskakawar kai tsaye a lokacin bazara na iya haifar da ƙonewa ga shuka kuma ya ba da gudummawar bayyanar alamun launin ruwan kasa akan ganye.
Shayar da shuka ya isa sau 2 a sati., ana ba da shawarar a zuba ruwa a cikin leda. A wannan yanayin, ya kamata ku kula da hankali da launi da yanayin tushen tsarin. A cikin zama na yau da kullun, asalinsu suna da launin koren haske mai haske.
Launin azurfa yana nuna ƙarancin danshi, sa'annan a saka tukunyar fure a cikin kwantena da ruwa na awa ɗaya ko awanni biyu, duk da haka, peduncles tare da furanni a cikin ruwa bai kamata ya kasance a kowane hali ba. Don haka, launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa na asalinsu yana nuna yawan danshi kuma wannan na iya haifar da ruɓewar tushe.
A lokutan zafi, ya fi dacewa a fesa shuka dangane da yawan zafin jiki... Orchids suna bunƙasa a cikin yanayin zafin jiki a cikin shekara. Waɗannan furannin ba su da lokacin bayyanannen lokacin bacci. A lokacin sanyi, suna buƙatar ɗan ragi kaɗan zuwa yanayin zafin jiki zuwa + 20 ... + 15 C, ba ƙasa ba.
Mahimmanci! Shuke-shuken da suke saman windows windows suna fuskantar yanayin yanayin zafin jiki na digiri 5-6 tsakanin dare da rana.
Wadannan tsallewar zafin jiki ba su cutar da shuka ba kuma suna taimakawa ga samuwar fure-fure. Koyaya, tare da bambanci mafi bayyana, orchid na iya shan asara, wanda zai haifar da rashin lafiya mai tsanani da mutuwa mai zuwa.
Tunda asalin orchid ya daina shan ruwa a yanayin ƙarancin zafi, ganyayyakin sun rasa kwarjininsu da wrinkle. Saboda wannan dalili, don sarrafa tsarin yanayin zafin jiki da ikon amsawa da sauri, an fi so a sanya ma'aunin zafi da sanyio a kan windowsill a cikin hunturu.
Top miya
Kamar sauran wakilan rawaya orchid, kuna buƙatar ciyarwa... Don wannan, ana amfani da takin mai magani wanda aka sanya kai tsaye zuwa orchids. Ana amfani da manyan kayan ado tare da shayarwa yayin ci gaba mai girma da girma.
Canja wurin
Dole ne ayi dasawa ta farko bayan siyan fure a shago. Koyaya, da farko wani lokaci na sabawa da sababbin yanayi dole ne ya wuce, na kimanin sati ɗaya ko biyu har yanzu orchid yana girma a cikin tukunyar shagon. Don manufar dasawa, ana amfani da tukwanen fure tare da ramuka magudanan ruwa.
Mafi kyawun nau'in zai zama tukunyar filastik mara launi. A cikin wannan tukunyar, ana bayyane asalinsu a sarari, tare da abin da zai yiwu a kafa, idan ya zama dole a shayar da tsiron.
A matsayin mai tushe, yana yiwuwa a sayi cakuda ƙasa mai shirye don orchids, ko kayi da kanka. Ya kamata matattarar ta kasance mai sauƙi, tsinkayar iska da ta dace da iska da ruwa. Saboda wannan dalili, hakika an haɗa bawon itacen a cikin abin da ya ƙunsa, yana yiwuwa a piecesauki ofa ofan barkonon ɗanɗano, gawayi. Zai yiwu a rufe tukunyar daga sama tare da gansakuka.
Ana dasa Orchids kowane everyan shekaru, saboda tukunyar tana cike da saiwa. Koyaya, a cikin al'amuran gaggawa, bai kamata ku jira tsawon haka ba. Irin waɗannan sharuɗɗan sun haɗa da tsayawa, kasancewar zubar ruwa ko rabuwa da wuri a cikin ƙurar.
Nasiha! Kafin dasawa, ƙwallon ƙasar ya bushe. Sannan su dauke shi daga cikin tukunyar kuma su tsabtace tushen a hankali. Bayan nazarin tushen don kasancewar rubabbe, matacce, cire su, an dasa itacen orchid.
Na gaba, zaku iya kallon bidiyon da ke nuna dashen wannan orchid:
Sake haifuwa
Wataƙila, ba zai yiwu a kiɗa orchids tare da harbe ba.... Ba safai ake ɗaura su ba, suna da ƙarami kaɗan sannan kuma ba sa tsirowa, sai dai idan an yi amfani da naman gwari mai kama da juna. A saboda wannan dalili, ya zama dole a yi amfani da hanyar rarraba hanya, ta amfani da yankan ko sarewar yara, don samun wani orchid mai launin rawaya da aka fi so.
Abin da waɗannan hanyoyin suke nufi, yana yiwuwa a sami ƙarin kuma a sauƙaƙe amfani da su da kanku:
- Yara an halicce su a cikin kushin ganyen rosette na asali, kuma akan babar. Don faruwar su, yana yiwuwa a ɗan ƙarfafa orchid - don ƙara ranar haske, sannan aiwatar da saurin zazzabi mai sauri.
- Yankan yana faruwa bayan bayyanar ganye guda biyu na gaskiya da tushen jirgi, sa'annan a rarrabe suke a hankali don kar su lalace, kuma a sanya su cikin greenhouse don jira rooting. Don haɓakawa, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da abubuwan kara kuzari, ko kuma kawai sanya jariri kusa da akwati inda ruwan yake, bayan haka tabbas zai fara miƙewa.
Hanyar yankewa tana sa ya yiwu a sami adadi mai yawa na shuka nan take. Harbe-harben da suka shuɗe a baya an yanke su gunduwa gunduwa, kowane dole ne ya kasance yana da toho a cikin kansa, kuma lalle ana shafa sassan da ɗanyen kwal. Ana sanya cuttings a cikin greenhouse a babban zafi, tare da zafin jiki na kusan 25 ºС.
Ana amfani da rarrabuwa cikin rotse sosai da wuya, galibi don manyan bishiyoyi masu ƙarfi da ƙarfi. An sare tsiron tare da yankan sheshi, saiwoyin, wadanda suka lalace, ana yafa masa garin fure don hana ruɓewa.
Kwari da cututtuka
Kamar kowane tsire-tsire, wasu lokuta kwari suna kaiwa orchid hari... Mafi shahararrun su shine thrips, mealybugs da aphids. Lokacin da suka faru, ana fara fure kai tsaye a karkashin shawa, sannan a horar da ita da wasu sinadarai na musamman.
Kammalawa
Ba shi da wahala a kula da orchids, idan kun aiwatar da duk ƙa'idodin, kula da fure a hankali, to a nan gaba za ta ba da marmari, furannin rawaya waɗanda za su faranta wa masu su rai na dogon lokaci.
Rawanin rawaya orchid tsirrai ne na cikin gida mai ban sha'awa ga duka masu farawa da ƙwararrun masu sayar da furanni. Abin sha'awa mai ban sha'awa, ba fure mai kwalliya ba, mai faranta rai tare da furanni duk tsawon shekara - sha'awar kowace uwar gida da girman gidan.