Girma mai girma petunia grandiflora. Iri-iri da fasalolin namo

Petunia tsire-tsire ne sananne ga duk masu noman fure. Kuma wannan ba haɗari bane, saboda yana girma da sauri kuma yana farantawa na dogon lokaci tare da manyan launuka masu haske.

Ofayan wakilai mafi haske na wannan furen shine petunia grandiflora. A cikin kasidar za mu duba mene ne wannan shukar da kuma irin kulawar da take bukata.

Za ku koyi tarihin asali da gano wannan kyakkyawar shukar, ku koyi yadda ake zaɓar irin da ya dace da shuke-shuke masu lafiya don haifuwa, yadda ake ruwa da kuma ko petunias na buƙatar haske mai haske.

Bayanin tsirrai

Petunias grandiflora suna zuwa shekara-shekara. Wakilan dangin Solanovy. Grandiflora ba zai iya yin alfahari da adadi mai yawa na furanni a daji ba, amma girmansu zai birge kowa. Wannan tsire-tsire ne mai ƙarancin girma, tsayinsa ya kai 25-50 cm. diamita na furanni shine 9-12 cm. Furanni na iya zama biyu ko na yau da kullun, amma furanni biyu ba safai ake ɗaura su ba.

Magana! Grandiflora yana da matukar damuwa ga ƙari ko rashin danshi da canjin yanayin zafin jiki. Saboda haka, ya kamata a kula da kulawa ta musamman wajen kula da waɗannan shuke-shuke. Petunia zata faranta maka rai da kwalliyar kwalliya kwanaki 85-95 bayan shuka tsaba.

Tarihin asali

An samo asalin halittar petunias na farko kuma aka bayyana shi a cikin Uruguay a cikin 1793 kuma an danganta shi ga jinsi na Tabakov. Daga baya, petunias ya fara bayyana a yankuna masu zafi na Amurka, sannan kuma an sami nau'ikan sama da 30 kuma aka bayyana su a Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Parana, Santa Catarina da Rio Grande. Dukansu sun girma ne kawai a ƙananan yankuna na gabar kogin Kudancin Amurka. Kuma jinsin daya kawai, petunia parviflora, yana da mazauni mai fadi. Har yanzu ana samunsa a Cuba, Yammacin Indiya, Mexico, da Amurka.

Bugu da ari, an samo wasu nau'o'in petunias da yawa kuma an bayyana su. Masu kiwo kuma sun yi aiki tuƙuru don ƙirƙirar sababbin sifofi da nau'ikan shukar. A cikin 1834, shuka ta farko ta girma, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin petunias suka bazu ko'ina a wuraren shakatawa, lambuna da gadajen furanni a duniya.

Iri-iri da sifofinsu

Tsarin wannan tsire yana da fadi sosai. Akwai manyan azuzuwan launuka uku:

1. Multi-flowered - mafi rashin fahimta da sassauci. Suna girma da kyau a wuraren da rana take, kowane irin ƙasa lambun ya dace dasu. A cikin kulawa, kawai ana buƙatar shayarwa da ciyarwa na yau da kullun. Furen kawai 5 cm a diamita, amma suna da yawa. Sun yi fure da wuri kuma sun yi furanni cikin launi na dogon lokaci. Kyakkyawan kuma ba ƙaunataccen ƙauna kyauta sarari a cikin tukunya da ƙarin bitamin na yau da kullun.
2. Babban-fure ko grandiflora - shine thermophilic kuma yana da keɓaɓɓu a cikin kulawa. Daga yawan danshi, zasu iya rasa bayyanar su mai kyau. Furannin suna da inci 10 a faɗi kuma ba su da yawa kamar na furannin da ke da furanni da yawa. Yana buƙatar daidaitattun yanayin girma da kulawa na musamman a gida. Yana buƙatar isasshen haske, babban ma'adinai da abun cikin bitamin na ƙasa, yanayin zafin jiki mafi kyau don ci gaba da furanni da yankewar yau da kullun.
3. Floribunda - gicciye tsakanin tsirrai biyu na farko. Yana da isassun adadin manyan inflorescences. Tsayayya da mummunan yanayi. Ya yi kyau sosai a kan baranda, wanda aka tsara ta gadaje na filawa, kuma kawai yana girma da kyau a kan tsaunukan lambun duka.

A kowane ɗayan darasin akwai ƙananan rabe-raben da yawa, waɗanda suka bambanta da sifa da girman furanni, da tsayin shukar.

Dukkanin tsirrai sun kasu kashi biyu:

• Cascading - girma da ƙarfi. Suna girma cikin manyan kwantena Ya bambanta a gaban dogon harbe a kaikaice. Iya jefa bulala har tsawon 1.5 m. Tsawo bai fi 50 cm ba.
• Ampelny Kyakkyawan ado ne mai rai. Tsawon madaukai har zuwa mita 1.5. Cascading harbe. Girma a cikin kwalaye ko kwanduna. Ya zama mai ban mamaki a cikin tukwane. Sau da yawa ana amfani dashi don ƙirƙirar kafet na fure.
• Semi-ampel - girma a cikin shush shush. Kar ku wuce cm 40. An yi amfani dashi azaman tsire-tsire na gida.

Kuna iya karanta game da kowane nau'in petunias a cikin labarin daban.

Bravo iri-iri

Farkon tsire-tsire. Yana da launuka masu ban mamaki. Daidaita lokacin furanni. Rashin hankali ga rashin hasken wuta. Sunyi reshe da kyau, amma suna cikin gida sosai. Kusan ba su girma a gonar ba. Yayi kyau sosai a waje da cikin tukunya. Tsawo har zuwa 25-30 cm. Girman furanni 8-9 cm.

Fasaha mai tasowa

Shuka

Yi amfani da ƙasa mai ƙwanƙwasa mai peat. Yayyafa tsaba ɗauka da sauƙi tare da siririn ƙasa. Yakamata ƙasa ta kasance mai danshi da ba zata wanke ƙwayayen ba yayin ba da ruwa. Matsayin danshi yayin dasawa shine 100% (wannan zai tausasa gashin iri, ya bada damar tushen ya bayyana kuma ya taimaka wajen cigaban cotyledons). Zaka iya rufe tsaba da vermiculite don samar da danshi a kusa dasu. Zazzabi 24-25^{game da}DAGA.

Bayan harbe-harben farko sun bayyana, ya zama dole a rage laima zuwa 50-70%. Saboda danshi na iya hana iskar oxygen isa zuwa asalin, wanda ke haifar da cututtukan tushe. Kar a bushe. Rage zafin jiki zuwa 20-24^{game da}C. Fara ciyarwa tare da potassium da potassium nitrate.

Mahimmanci! Lokaci-lokaci, kuna buƙatar bincika haɓakar tushen tsarin (idan asalinsu ba su da kyau, yi amfani da kayan gwari).

A wannan matakin, yawan zafin jiki yakai 18-21^{game da}C. Muna ciyar da tsire-tsire tare da taki tare da boron da ƙarfe. Bayan germination, canja wurin kwalaye zuwa ɗaki mai haske. A lokacin makon farko, hasken ya zama na awa 18.

Canja wurin wiwi

Yi amfani da ƙasar peat mai haske. Mako guda bayan dasawa, rage zafin jiki zuwa 16-17^{game da}C. Yanayin ƙasa zai zama 24^{game da}C. Bada haske mai yawa. Inuwa a tsakar rana.

Shuka petunia a 15^{game da}Tare da kuma babban matakin haske. Lokacin da tushen suka cika dukan tukunyar, rage zafin jiki zuwa 13-16^{game da}DAGA.

Taki da masu kula da ci gaba

Ciyar da daidaitattun takin mai magani tare da baƙin ƙarfe da aka ƙara tare da kowane ban ruwa. Kar a ba da ruwa ba tare da taki ba. Ciyar da ammonium a matakan haske mai yawa. A cikin karamin haske, alli. Yi amfani da takin ammonium a cikin haske mai haske da yanayin rana mai tsawo. A cikin yanayin ƙarancin yanayin zafi da rashin haske - takin mai magani.

Don karamin shuka da ci gaba mai kyau, zai fi kyau a kula da yanayin haske da yanayin ƙarancin yanayi. Yi amfani da ƙananan allurai don gujewa miƙa shukar. Ana iya amfani da masu kula da ci gaban kowane kwana 7-14. Koyaya, mafi kyawun masu kula da haɓakar haske, shayarwa da takin zamani.

Yadda ake kulawa da kyau?

Da farko dai, yana da mahimmanci don samun shukoki, kuma saboda wannan kuna buƙatar sanin yadda zaku kula dashi:

1. Bayan an shuka iri, sanya su a wuri mai dumi sannan a rufe su da gilashi ko filastik.
2. Sake shirya harbe na farko kusa da haske, kar a cire fim din. Ruwa yayin da yake bushewa.
3. Karka cika damuwa
4. Bayan bayyanar ganyen farko, yi tsinkaye (matsar da kowane ganye a wani mazubi daban).
5. Takin daga watan farko na seedling girma.
6. Lokacin da yanayi mai dumi ya fara, dasa shuki a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa ko cikin tukunya.

Cututtuka na yau da kullun da kwari

Naman gwari

• Blackleg - asalin bangaren kara ya zama mai ruwa, duhu da rots. Gwagwarmaya: kar a yi shuka amfanin gona, kar a yi amfani da wani abu mai nauyi ko na acid, ruwa a matsakaici, kar a bada izinin yawan takin mai magani nitrogen. Cire shukokin da basu da lafiya tare da wani sashi na substrate a kusa dasu.
• Ruwan toka - launuka masu launin ruwan kasa mai haske, kurji ya bayyana a kan mai tushe da ganye, waɗanda kuma sai a rufe su da tokayen furanni mai toka. Matakan sarrafawa: guji shuka da yawa, shayarwar da ta wuce kima, yanayin ƙarancin yanayi, cire wuraren lalacewa akai-akai
• Farar ruba - bayyanar launin ruwan kasa masu kuka, an rufe su da farin fure. Sassan da abin ya shafa sun yi laushi sun zama fari. Yin zurfin zurfafawa da lalata ƙasa, cirewar ɓangarorin da suka lalace a kan lokaci zai taimaka.
• Rigar ruba - ya bunkasa kamar baƙar fata. Lokacin fitowa, feshin da sinadarai kuma cire lalacewa.
• Brown tabo - bayyanar tsattsauran launin shuɗi-launin ruwan kasa akan ganyen. Fesa tare da shirye-shiryen dauke da jan ƙarfe.
• Lightarshen rana - tushe daga tushe yana girma launin ruwan kasa da lalacewa. Lokacin shuka shuki, sanya iska cikin greenhouse kuma kar yayi girbin amfanin gona.

Kwayar cuta da kwayar cuta

• Ganyen ganye - samuwar gajere da kaifi a gindin tushe.
• Kokwamba Mosaic Virus - ƙananan furanni tare da datti farare ko ɗigon rawaya. Kwayar mosaic taba sigari take hakki ne na ci gaban al'ada na shuka.
• Tumatir aspermia cutar - ci gaban ba daidai ba na furanni.
• Taba cutar necrosis - samuwar haske kore necrotic spots a kan ganye. Ganye sun mutu.

Hankali! Jiyya na duk jerin cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta da ƙwayoyin cuta shine kawar da tsiro mai cutar nan da nan.

Kwari

• Aphid - fesawa da kwayoyi.
• Whitefly - kamawa da tarkunan manne rawaya.
• Tsawon lokaci - feshi da sinadarai.
• Ciz ɗin gizo - amfani da takamaiman magunguna.
• Slugs - sieving superphosphate akan yanayin ƙasa, aiki tare da shirye-shiryen sunadarai.

Hanyoyin kiwo

Babban hanyar ita ce iri. Ba safai ake amfani da yankan ba. Don yin wannan, a lokacin bazara, an yanke tingsan samari na 10-15 cm, an cire ganyen an saka a ƙasa zurfin 5 cm soilasar tana da danshi koyaushe, yanayin zafin yana 20-25^{game da}DAGA.

Matsaloli da ka iya faruwa tare da ci gaban da kuma haifuwa daga furen:

1. Ingancin iri mai kyau.
2. Rashin bin sharuɗɗan kulawa.
3. Cututtuka da kwari.

Nau'ikan nau'ikan petunias suna haɗuwa bisa ga halaye daban-daban. Kuma a cikin bayanin tsire-tsire ɗaya, zaku iya samun halaye da yawa lokaci ɗaya masu alaƙa da wani nau'in. Misali, petunia na iya zama duka ƙananan furanni da terry. Kuma daidai wannan haɗuwa ne da siffofi daban-daban da launuka masu ɗimbin yawa waɗanda ke faranta mana rai. Wasu daga cikin kyawawa sune Wave, Typhoon Silver, Tidal, La Gioconda, Ramblin, Starry Sky da Opera.

Kada ku ji tsoron matsaloli a kula da kyawawan petunia. Kawai zama mai kulawa da kulawa da ita cikin kulawa sannan kuma wannan kyan zai zama sarauniya a cikin lambun ku ko a gida.

Kalli bidiyon: PETUNIA BEDDING MIX (Yuli 2024).