Cactus Mammillaria gracilis - bayyani tare da hotuna, nasihu don girma da yaƙi da cututtuka

Yaɗuwa tsakanin irin yan cacti - Mammillaria gracilis, wanda ke da ban sha'awa game da kiwo.

Masu noman murtsu suna haifar da samfuran igiyar ciki na matasa, wanda a zahiri ba sa yin fure kuma su mutu da sauri, suna ba da ƙarfi ga matasa.

A lokaci guda, ainihin murtsunguwar katako mai ban mamaki shine samfurin ban mamaki ga tarin.

Bayanin tsirrai

Mammilaria nau'in tsirrai ne na dangin Cactaceae. Suna ɗaukar asalinsu daga kudancin Amurka, Mexico da tsibirin Caribbean. Duk nau'ikan sune kananan cacti koren siffofi daban-daban - mai siffa, mai kamannin diski, mai motsi, da dai sauransu. Sun banbanta da sauran mutane ta fuskar kasancewar ba hakarkarin hakarkarinsa ba, amma tubercles - kananan papillae dake cikin karkace. Furannin Mammillaria suna kan kumburi tsakanin tarin fuka. Branching na cacti yana faruwa daga waɗannan buds.

Mammillaria siririya, ko kyakkyawa, ko Mammillaria gracilis (Mammillaria gracilis) nau'in cacti ne gama gari. Homelandasar ƙasar tsire-tsire ita ce jihar Hidalgo, Mexico. Shahararren mashahuri ne tare da manoman murtsunguwa, kodayake galibi ba za ku iya samun baligi ba, amma tsarin yara.

Theaƙan suna da maɓalli, suna da zurfin kore, suna iya kaiwa 4 cm a diamita. Tare da shekaru, mai tushe yana lanƙwasa kuma ya zama mai sakewa, kuma tare da kulawa mara kyau sun rasa tasirin ado. Wannan jinsin yakan fara daji tun yana karami, yana haifar da abin da ake kira mazauna.

Spunƙun suna kusa, fari ko rawaya-fari, ɗan ƙasa da cm 1. Tsayi har zuwa kasusuwa 20 na iya girma daga ɗayan layin. Furanni suna da kusan 1.5 cm tsayi, tare da farin petals. Lokacin da aka fadada gaba ɗaya, diamita na fure ɗin daidai yake da tsayinsa.

Ya banbanta da sauran nau'ikan a tsayin ƙaya, fure da kuma halin samar da yankuna saboda farkon rassa. A cikin mafi yawan dabbobi masu shayarwa, matakai suna bayyana a kasan tushe da kuma daga tushen; mammillaria siririya ce ke samar da abin da ake kira "jarirai" tare da dukkanin kwayar kuma kusa da koli.

Shuka hotuna

Anan zaku iya ganin hoton siririn mammillaria:

Yadda za a kula?

Mammillaria ba tsire-tsire mai wahalarwa bane, kodayake, shima yana da nasa dabaru na kulawa. Yawancin masu shuka suna noma matakan matasa ne kawai, ba tare da kawo shuke-shuke da kulawa ta gari ga tsofaffi. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa yana da matukar wahala ka sadu da babban mammillaria gracilis, duk da shaharar wannan nau'in.

Zazzabi

Tunda cacti asalin ƙasa ne ga ƙasashe masu zafi, suna son dumi. A lokacin rani, yanayin zafin jiki mafi kyau zai kasance + digiri 20-25. Tare da wannan, mammillaria yana iya jure yanayin rana mai zafi, kodayake bai cancanci barin shuka a rana a cikin zafi ba - kara zai iya samun kunar rana a jiki. A lokacin hunturu, ya zama dole a sauke zafin jiki zuwa + digiri 10-12. A wannan lokacin, shukar tana shiga cikin yanayin bacci kuma tana tara ƙarfi don fure mai zuwa.

Shayarwa

Mammillaria na buƙatar ƙaramin adadin ruwa - murtsunguwar ruwa na da laushi game da toshewar ruwa. A lokacin hunturu, an hana ba da ruwa, lokaci-lokaci zaka iya fesa shuka daga kwalbar feshi - ba fiye da sau ɗaya a wata. A lokacin rani, ba a shayar da shuka fiye da sau ɗaya kowane ɗaya da rabi zuwa makonni biyu. Idan kasar ta bushe da yawa (a bushe da lokacin zafi), zaku iya fesa mammillaria sau daya a sati tsakanin ruwa.

Haskaka

Tsirrai mai daukar hoto ne, amma ba a ba da shawarar wuri a rana mai haske a cikin hasken rana kai tsaye. Shaaramar inuwa yayin lokutan mafi zafi zai amfanar da murtsatsi. Matsayi mafi kyau ga mammillaria shine taga gabas ko yamma. A lokacin hunturu, hasken rana wanda ya fi guntu zai iya ba da murtsatsi ya isa sosai.

Haɗin ƙasa

Zaku iya siyan takaddar cactus ta musamman Ya kamata ku kula da abun da ke ciki - ya kamata ya zama ƙasa mai ƙoshin mai, mai talauci a cikin ƙwayoyin halitta. A substrate ya zama haske da friable.

Kuna iya shirya ƙasa da kanku. Don wannan:

1. Ana ɗauke da ƙasa mai laushi, yashi mai yashi da kwakwalwan peat a cikin rabo na 1: 1: 1.
2. Charararren daɗaɗɗen gawayi, yumɓu mai yalwa mai laushi, murƙusasshen tubali ko sauran abubuwan sassautawa ana ƙara su cikin cakuda.

Magana. Cacti ba sa son ƙasa mai guba ko kuma sinadarin alkaline. Ana kiyaye ma'aunin pH a tsakanin kewayon 5.0-6.0.

Yankan

Tare da kulawa mai kyau, Mammillaria gracilis baya buƙatar yankan. Tare da ƙarancin haske ko ruwan sha mai yawa, murtsunguwa yana ƙaruwa da curls, yana rasa tasirin adonsa. Wannan kuskuren da yawa daga manoman cactus. A wannan halin, yankan ba zai zama zaɓi ba - ba zai zama da wuya a dawo da kyakkyawa ga irin wannan murtsunguwar.

Wani lokaci ana amfani da pruning don adana tsire-tsire na uwar murtsattsun murtsattsen murtsatse, lokacin da saiwoyin suka lalace da tokawar launin toka ko kuma ɓarnar da sauran cututtuka.

1. Tare da wuka mai kaifi (zai fi dacewa a sha shi da giya), ana sare saman murtsunguwa kafin farkon lankwasawa. Yawancin lokaci wannan babban hat ne mai girman 5-6 cm.
2. Yankewa a kan hemp da yanke ana sarrafa shi da murƙushen gawayi ko carbon mai aiki. Kullun da aka yanke wani lokaci ana shafa shi tare da asalin tsohuwar.
3. Yankin yankan ya bushe na wasu kwanaki a wuri mai duhu mai duhu. Kuna iya ƙoƙarin tushen tushen kututturen daga gefen faɗuwar.
4. Bayan kwanaki 2-3, ana sanya saman da aka sare a cikin akwati da ruwa don haka akwai ɗan ƙaramin sarari tsakanin yanayin da aka yanke da ruwa.
5. Bayan samuwar asalinsu na farko da suka kai ruwa, sai a sanya abin yankan a kasa don samun rooting mai karfi.

Top miya

A yayin ci gaban aiki (daga tsakiyar bazara zuwa Oktoba), ana ciyar da tsiron fiye da sau ɗaya a wata. Ana yin takin na musamman don cacti, ma'adinai, ana amfani da su tare da shayarwa zuwa ƙasa nesa da asalinsu don kar a sami ƙonewar haɗari na tushen tsarin.

Wiwi

An zaɓi iko don mammillaria la'akari da girman tushen tsarin. Lsananan kwanukan yumbu sun dace da cacti matasa, mai faɗi da zurfi ga tsofaffi. Abun kayan shine yumbu, filastik abun so ne, saboda a yanayin zafi mai zafi a rana yana iya sakin abubuwa masu cutarwa ga murtsatsi a cikin ƙasa.

Canja wurin

Ana dasa tsire-tsire matasa sau ɗaya a shekara, manya (daga shekara 5-6) - sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 2-3 yayin da tushen tsarin ya bunkasa kuma ƙasa ta lalace.

1. Ana yin dashen ne a farkon bazara kafin matakin girma na aiki (Maris-Afrilu) bayan fure.
2. An shirya akwati, a ƙasansa an sanya ƙaramin layin magudanar ruwa. Ana zuba shi 2/3 na matattarar kayan, a barshi ya bushe na wasu kwanaki.
3. Ba a shayar da shuka kusan makonni biyu kafin dasawa.
4. A ranar dasawa, a hankali girgiza murtsatsi daga tsohuwar tukunya. An cire dukkan duniya, an bincika tsarin tushen.
5. Ana sanya murtsuntsatsin a cikin sabon akwati sai a yayyafa tushen a sauran dayan da ya rage na substrate.
6. An saka tukunyar tare da dasa murtsun daji a cikin duhu, wuri mai sanyi na wasu kwanaki.
7. Zaka iya shayar da mammillaria kwanaki 2-3 bayan dasawa.

Wintering

• Lokacin hutun shine Oktoba-Maris.
• Kusan ba a shayar da shuka - ana iya fesa shi a cikin busasshiyar iska ba fiye da sau ɗaya a wata ba.
• Yawan zafin jiki bai fi digiri + 12 ba.
• Yanayin haske - hunturu yamma ko taga ta gabas.
• Ba a taɓa tukunyar murtsunguwa ba, ba a motsa shi ko sake fasalta shi - tsiron yana buƙatar cikakken hutawa.

Sake haifuwa

Mammillaria tana yaduwa ta hanyar harbi da yara. Ana samun tsaba da wuya da wahala, saboda haka yara sukan yada shi sau da yawa.

Tsaba

Yaduwar givesa differenta yana ba da jinsin jinsin shuka daban-daban, wanda ke ba ku damar ƙyanƙyashe tsaba a baya. Samuwar iri a cikin mammillaria yana faruwa tare da gicciye-gogewa daga samfuran daban. A lokaci guda, yana da matukar wahala a samo tsaba.

1. Ana tsaba tsaba a cikin ruwan hoda mai haske na potassium permanganate na tsawon kwanaki 2-3.
2. Na gaba, ana sanya tsaba a cikin akwati tare da yashi kogin yashi kuma a yayyafa shi da sauƙi.
3. An rufe akwatin da gilashi ko polyethylene, suna yin nau'in greenhouse.
4. An sanya iska cikin iska sau ɗaya a mako, kuma ana fesa ƙasa sau ɗaya kowane mako biyu.
5. Bayan fitowar tsire-tsire, ana cire greenhouse a hankali, yana ba da damar soya don amfani da yanayin zafin jiki da yanayin zafi.
6. Ana dasa soya bayan ƙaya ta farko ta bayyana.

Yara

Sake haifuwa ta yara ita ce hanya mafi inganci da sauri don saurin samun matakan samari da masu narkar da cactus ke yabawa. Don samun ƙwararrun shuke-shuke masu ƙima, ana amfani da hanyar iri sau da yawa.

1. Jarirai masu bayyana "neman" suna rabuwa a hankali daga mahaifiya.
2. Yaran da suka rabu an yayyafa su da murƙushe kwal a kan sassan kuma an bar su bushe a cikin duhu, wuri mai sanyi na wasu kwanaki.
3. Abubuwan da ke faruwa an dasa su a cikin ƙasa mai danshi don cacti.
4. Ana sanya tukunyar tsiron a wuri mai dumi, mai inuwa.
5. Bayan ƙaya ta farko ta bayyana, ana dasa kowane murtsunguwa zuwa tukwane daban.

Cututtuka da kwari

Kwaroran da ke da haɗari sune ƙwayoyin gizo-gizo, ƙwayoyin ƙwaro ja, da ƙwayoyin katus. A cikin yaƙi da su, magungunan kwari, maganin actellik, tanrek, vertimek suna da tasiri.

Daga magungunan jama'a don kwari, maganin sabulu yana taimakawa - tukunyar fure:

1. Ana kula da taga taga tare da ruwan sabulu mai kumfa, an fesa shukar kanta.
2. Ana wanke sabulun sabulu bayan awanni 3-4.

Yakamata a gudanar da maganin kwari akalla sau 3. Kwayoyin ƙwari suna da tsayayya musamman ga lalacewa.

Lokacin ambaliyar ruwan sama, toka toka baƙi ne da ba a so. Yankan itace kawai zai iya ajiye murtsunguwa; dasawa ba shi da ƙarfi a mafi yawan lokuta.

Makamantan jinsuna

1. Mammillaria Wilda - karamin murtsatsi mai kauri tare da sandunan zinare. Yana furewa da furanni mai rawaya-rawaya ko fararen zinare mai kama da siririn mammillaria.
2. Mammillaria Carmen - ya banbanta da Gracilis a cikin fulawa mai tsami da kuma firayen fararen fata. Basal harbe
3. Mammillaria Baum - murtsattsen murtsattsen mai ɗakunan farin ƙaya da furanni masu launin rawaya mai haske.
4. Mammillaria ta yi tsawo - wani nau'in da galibi yake rikicewa da alheri. Cacti na manya suna da tsayi, tare da farin goshi kusa da kusa. Mammillaria gracilis ta samo irin wannan tsari tare da kulawa mara kyau. Yana fasalin furanni ja masu haske waɗanda ke samar da kambi a kan tushe.
5. Yaɗuwar ƙwayar Mammillaria - yana da tsayi mai tsayi tare da raƙuman rawaya masu launin rawaya, fure masu faɗi-fari-rawaya.

Daga cikin masanan-cactusists mammillaria sun mallaki wuri na musamman. Cactus ya sami wakilcin nau'ikan da yawa, daga samfuran da basu dace ba har zuwa wuya da kulawa. A kan rukunin yanar gizon mu zaka iya ganin kyawawan dabbobin mammillaria, kyawawan bokasana da kuma farinciki mai girma Zeilman.

Siririn mammillaria baya buƙatar wata kulawa ta musamman kuma ya dace har ma da masu farawa. Kuskuren ya ta'allaka ne da sha'awar haifar da cacti da yawa na jinsi iri-iri yadda ya kamata, ninka yaran da ke haifar da haka kuma baya barin cactus ya fito da tsarin mulkinsa mai siffa. Tare da kulawa mai kyau, ƙaya ta manya za ta fara samuwa, sannan kuma furannin furanni da furanni. Irin wannan shuka tana rayuwa na dogon lokaci kuma kowace shekara tana faranta ranta tare da ƙananan furannin hunturu.

Kalli bidiyon: My Mammilaria Cactus Plants in beautiful Flower in the Polytunnel (Yuli 2024).