Dutsen Kilimanjaro - dutse mafi tsayi a Afirka

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A yankin arewa maso gabashin kasar Afirka ta Tanzaniya, tsakanin tsibirin Serengeti da Tsavo, akwai Dutsen Kilimanjaro, wanda ya ba da sunan wurin shakatawa na kasa daya tilo a Afirka. Girman dutsen yana gasa tare da takwarorinsa na sauran nahiyoyi: Kilimanjaro shi ne tsauni na hudu mafi tsayi daga cikin "kololuwa bakwai". Bata da wani kwatankwacinta a nahiyar, don haka ta sami karɓar laƙabi "Rufin Afirka". Bugu da kari, Kilimanjaro shine babban tsauni mafi tsayi a duniya: tushensa yana da nisan kilomita 97 da fadi 64 kilomita.

Janar bayani

Taron Dutsen Kilimanjaro ya kunshi tsaffin tsaunukan tsaunuka guda uku na shekaru daban-daban lokaci guda. Tsayin dutsen ya kai mita 5895, don haka ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa a ɓangarensa na sama akwai dusar ƙanƙara duk shekara. Daga yaren Swahili, wanda shine harshen ƙasa a Tanzania, kalmar "kilimanjaro" ana fassara ta da ma'anar "dutse mai walƙiya". Al’ummomin yankin, wadanda a al’adance suke zaune a yankunan da ke kusa da dutsen tsaunin Kilimanjaro kuma waɗanda ba su taɓa sanin dusar ƙanƙara ba, sun yi imani cewa dutsen an rufe shi da azurfa.

Ta fuskar yanayin kasa, Kilimanjaro yana kusa da layin kwata-kwata, amma, manyan bambance-bambance a tsaunukan tsaunuka sun kaddara canjin yanayin yanayi, wanda aka bayyana a ci gaba da daidaita jinsunan halittun da ke wasu yankuna. A hakikanin gaskiya, shin Kilimanjaro wani dutsen mai fitad da wuta ne ko wanda ya kare? Wannan tambayar wani lokacin takaddama ce, tunda mafi karancin shekaru daga asalinsu a wani lokacin tana nuna alamun ayyukan aman wuta.

Wani fasalin Dutsen Kilimanjaro shine saurin narkewar murfin dusar ƙanƙara. Fiye da shekaru dari na lura, farin murfin ya ragu da fiye da 80%, kuma a cikin rabin karnin da ya gabata, dutsen Afirka ya rasa mafi yawan dusar kankararsa. Akwai ragowar abubuwan da suka rufe dusar kankara a kololuwa biyu, amma su, a hasashen masana, za su yi asara gaba daya cikin shekaru 15 masu zuwa. Dalilin da masana kimiyya suka ce dumamar yanayi ne. Hotunan Dutsen Kilimanjaro daga shekaru daban-daban na ƙarni na ƙarshe da kyau suna nuna raguwa da ɓacewar sannu-sannu sannu a saman duwatsu.

Flora da fauna

Gandun tsaunukan suna cike da gandun daji masu zafi kuma an kewaye su da savannas na Afirka marasa iyaka. Fure da fauna na Gandun dajin na Tanzania suna da wadatattun nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu a waɗannan wurare, da kuma na musamman da waɗanda ke cikin haɗari, saboda don haka ne aka ƙirƙiri wurin ajiya.

Babban yankin dutsen, mai tsayi da tsawo, ya ƙunshi kusan dukkanin yankuna da ke halayyar manyan tsaunukan Afirka:

an rufe sassan kudu tare da savannas masu tsayi daban-daban har zuwa hawan 1000 m kuma kusan a tsawan kilomita daya da rabi a kan gangaren arewa;
gandun daji
gandun daji - daga 1.3 zuwa 2.8 km;
subalpine marshy makiyaya;
mai tsayi tundra - mafi girma a Afirka;
Hamada mai tsayi tana saman dutsen.

An haɗa gandun daji da ke sama da mita 2,700 a cikin yankin kariya na gandun dajin ƙasar. Ciyawar dutsen tsaunin Kilimanjaro ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman. Gida ne ga nau'ikan da yawa waɗanda ke da alaƙa da sararin samaniya na arewa da yawa, da kuma tsoffin da siffofin shuke-shuke. Wannan shi ne croton, calendron a cikin gandun daji na sassan arewa da yamma na dutsen (a tsawan daga 1500 zuwa 2000 m), cassiporea ya yadu har ma ya fi haka. A gefen gangaren tsauni, ocotea (ko itaciyar kafur ta Gabas ta Afirka) tana da irin wannan tsaunuka. A cikin yankunan da ke sama da su akwai ƙarancin bishiyar bishiyar, waɗanda girman su ya kai mita 7.

Dutsen Kilimanjaro ba shi da bel na gandun daji na gora da ake samu a wasu wuraren masu tsaunuka irin wannan a Afirka. Yankin da ke ƙasa daban-daban an rufe shi da ciyayi mai yawa na hagenia da podocarp. Alpine tundra ya bambanta sosai a cikin bayyanar da yawan kwayoyin halittu. Shuke-shuke da suka dace da yanayin tsauni mai tsauri sun mamaye nan - heather, immortelle, adenocarpus, gumi Kilimanjar, waxweed, myrsina na Afirka, da kuma ganyaye da yawa daga dangin masu tsaurin kai.

Fauna na dutsen tsaunin Kilimanjaro a cikin Tanzania ba ƙasa da ban mamaki da ban mamaki. Daya da rabi nau'in dabbobi masu shayarwa - kusan 90 daga cikinsu suna zaune a dazuzzuka. Waɗannan sun haɗa da rukunin birai da yawa, da nau'ikan nau'ikan masu farauta, dabbobin daji, da jemage. Mafi yawan gaske a cikin dazuzzuka: damisa, birai, galago, bauna da sauransu.

Giwayen Afirka ɗari biyu suna tafiya a cikin kogin Namwai da Tarakiya, suna hawa lokaci-lokaci zuwa tsaunukan Kilimanjar masu kyau. Inda gandun daji ke ƙarewa, ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa suna rayuwa. Gangar tsaunin tsaunin Kilimanjaro cike da tsuntsaye iri-iri. Akwai nau'ikan tsuntsaye kusan 180, gami da: ungulu-rago, ko gemu mai gemu, tsabar kudi mai launi daya, Hunter's cysticola, zaren sunflower mai zaren zane, hankaka mai yalwa.

Dutsen Kilimanjaro yanayin yanayi

Yankin yanki na hadadden yanayin Kilimanjaro a Afirka yana bayyana a cikin gwamnatocin zazzabi da yanayin yanayi gabaɗaya. Lokacin damina an bayyana shi sosai a nan, yanayi yana iya canzawa, yanayin zafi yana canzawa sosai a wurare daban-daban, ya danganta da lokacin rana. Don ƙasan dutsen mai fitad da wuta, 28-30 ° С na al'ada ne, kuma tuni ya fara daga mita dubu uku zuwa sama, sanyi a ƙasa zuwa –15 ° С ya saba. Wadannan wurare masu zaman lafiya masu rarrafe ana rarrabe su a kan gangaren dutsen.

Yankin gandun daji yana da yanayin yanayi mai dumi da danshi. Akwai ciyayi da yawa anan, kuma iska tana dumama har zuwa 25 ° C mai dadi yayin rana (a kan kimanin 15 ° C).
Tsaunin tundra na Afirka ya ƙunshi kusan babu danshi, kuma zafin yana ƙasa da degreesan digiri.
Hamada mai tsayi za ta faranta ran masoya hunturu tare da yanayin zafin rana na farko, kodayake da rana yanayin zafin rana yana jin daɗin waɗannan wurare.

Babban dusar kankara ta Dutsen Kilimanjaro a Tanzania tana ba da matsakaita zafin -6 ° C. Iska mai sanyi tana sarauta a nan, kuma sanyi na iya kaiwa -20 ° C da daddare.

A lokuta daban-daban na shekara, ya danganta da gangare da tsawo, akwai yanayin girgije da ya sha bamban, ƙaruwa ko matsakaicin ruwa, da kuma tsawa. Duk wannan yana shafar ganuwa da jin daɗin kasancewa a kan gangaren - dutsen tsaunin Kilimanjaro a Afirka wuri ne da aka fi so don hawa tsaunuka masu kyan gani.

Hawa Dutsen Kilimanjaro

An yi imanin cewa ana samun damar hawa kololuwar Dutsen Kilimanjaro a Tanzania duk shekara. Koyaya, akwai lokutan da suka fi dacewa hawa, wahala da ma haɗari. Lokutan da suka fi dacewa sune daga watan Yuli zuwa Satumba da Janairu zuwa Fabrairu. A wannan lokacin, yanayin yanayi ya fi dacewa, kuma watanni suna dacewa da lokacin bazara ko lokacin hutu na Sabuwar Shekara na yawon bude ido. Yawon bude ido a cikin Tanzania ana samun su daga wurare daban-daban a ƙafa. Galibi suna yin kwanaki 5 zuwa 8.

Hanyoyi sun banbanta saboda fadakarwar yankuna da aka keta, sanin saba da halaye na kowane yanki na canjin yanayi. Zagaye-tafiye zuwa mafi girman wuraren tsaunuka masu aman wuta sun ƙare a lokacin kallon fitowar rana, bayan haka dawowa ta fara. Akwai hanyoyi 6 gaba ɗaya, galibi da sunan ƙauyukan da suka samo asali:

Marangu;
Rongai;
Umbwe;
Machame;
Lemosho;
arewa ta ratsa

An ba da balaguro zuwa bakin rami azaman ƙarin hanya.

Ba a yin yawon shakatawa a cikin Tanzania shi kaɗai. Kowane dutse babban gwaji ne ga masu hawa hawa, koda tare da ƙwarewar shekaru masu yawa. Bugu da kari, don cin dutsen, kuna buƙatar kayan aiki na musamman da kayan aiki, wanda nauyinsa koyaushe ya fi kyau a raba tare da wani. Duk da cewa hawa dutsen abu ne mai yuwuwa ta hanyar Kenya (gangaren arewa) da Tanzania, ta hanyar yarjejeniya tsakanin jihohin, hanyoyin Tanzania ne kawai aka shimfida kuma aka kiyaye su. Rashin gangaren Kenya ba shi da kayan aiki masu dacewa.

Domin shawo kan dukkan matsaloli da cikas kan hanyar cin nasarar taron kolin, ya zama dole a kiyaye muhimman yanayi.

Halartar jagora da mataimaka (aƙalla mutane 1-2), ba tare da su ba zai yiwu a hau ba.
Kayan aiki masu dacewa, takalma na musamman, tufafi na zafin jiki (mai yiwuwa fiye da saiti ɗaya), abubuwan rufi da abubuwan hana ruwa.
Fitnessarancin lafiyar jiki, ƙarancin kwayar halitta, ƙaƙƙarfan rigakafi, halayyar ɗaukar nauyi ga lafiyar, ƙwarewar rarraba ƙarfi da ƙarfi.

Kari kan haka, zaku buƙaci abinci, kayayyakin tsabtace kanku, abubuwa don tabbatar da jin daɗin rayuwa. An gabatar da cikakken jerin abubuwan da suka wajaba don hawa a shafin yanar gizon kamfanin shirya rangadi a Tanzania. Hakanan akwai jerin abubuwanda aka bada shawarar waɗanda suke kyawawa, amma ba lallai bane. Don haka, ban da tufafi da abubuwa masu dumi, dole ne ku kasance da jakar barci, tabarau, babbar fitila, sandunan tafiya, da kwalban ruwa. Baya ga wannan, kamfanin shiryawa yawanci yana samar da tanti, shimfidar shimfida, abinci, da kayan zama.

Kudin da aka kiyasta ya dogara da hanya, tsawon lokacin hawan, yawan mutanen da ke cikin rukunin, yanayin tattaunawar daban. Adadin yana farawa daga dala 1350 (hanyar Marangu, kwana 8) kuma ya tashi zuwa dala 4265 (hanyar mutum 1 tare da balaguro zuwa rami). A lokaci guda, dole ne mutum yayi la'akari da inda Dutsen Kilimanjaro yake - sabis na kamfanin na iya haɗawa da canja wuri daga tashar jirgin saman Tanzania ko kuma kai kanka can.

Nemo Farashin kuɗi ko ajiyar kowane masauki ta amfani da wannan fom

Wasu abubuwa masu ban sha'awa

Idan aka kwatanta da sauran tsaunuka na dutse, Volimanano mai suna Kilimanjaro ba ze zama babban cikas irin wannan ba, amma, kashi 40% na masu hawa dutsen ne kawai suka kai matuka.
Dutsen ba kawai masu cikakken yawon bude ido suka shawo kansa ba: a shekara ta 2009, makafi 8 masu hawan dutse sun sami damar hawa zuwa samansa, wadanda, tare da ayyukansu, suka taimaka wajen samar da kudade ga yara makafi 52.
Babban mai hawan dutse a kan Kilimanjaro yana da shekaru 87.
Kowace shekara kimanin mutane dubu 20 suke ƙoƙarin hawa dutsen.
Kusan mutane 10 ake kashewa a nan kowace shekara yayin hawan.

Dutsen Kilimanjaro ba kawai wani keɓaɓɓen filin shakatawa ne mai cike da halittu masu ban mamaki ba, har ma da haƙiƙa na gaske. Kuma don jin ɗimbin motsin zuciyarmu, don zama mallakin ƙwarewar da ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba, don taɓa ɗaukakar Afirka - saboda wannan kuna buƙatar ziyarci Tanzania da kanku ku tabbatar da halaye marasa kyau na Kilimanjaro.

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