Fasali na kwamitocin kwarara laminar, fasalin samfuri
Rarraba kayan aikin - wani bangare na cikakken saitin dakin gwaje-gwaje, likitanci, kimiyya, wuraren bincike. Shigowa kamar laminar flow cabinet ya zama dole don samun yanayi mai karɓa yayin aiki tare da nazarin halittu, nanotechnological, chemical da sauran kayan bincike. Sakamakon wucewar iska mai karfi, samfuran suna shan cikakken tacewa da kuma tsaka tsaki kafin tuntuɓar muhalli.
Alkawari
Laminar ya kwarara hoods yana cikin rukunin kayan kayan ɗaki na musamman tare da ƙananan aikace-aikace. Samfuri tare da saukowar iska shine halayen halayen cibiyoyin likitanci, kamfanonin magunguna, sassan bincike na cibiyoyi na musamman, ƙungiyoyi, harabar dakin gwaje-gwaje na kamfanoni waɗanda ayyukansu ke da alaƙa da nazarin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, samfuran ƙwayoyin cuta, gwaje-gwajen da gwaje-gwajen. Dalilin samfuran shine kamar haka:
- bincike-bincike (haɗin silsilar polymerase);
- nazari, gwaje-gwaje tare da samfuran, samfuran a cikin yanayin da aka lalata cuta;
- tabbatar da ingantaccen kariya daga samfurin daga gurbatawa;
- amintaccen kariya na ma'aikacin dakin gwaje-gwaje (ma'aikata) daga wakilai;
- wahalar UV mai ƙarancin matsakaici a cikin yankin aiki na ɗakin;
- shirya yanki na bakararre don aiwatar da gwaje-gwaje;
- aiki tare da al'adun ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta na kamuwa da cuta daban-daban;
- keɓance ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, flora, bioagents.
Amfani da akwatunan kwarara na laminar, akwatina, matsuguni yana ba ku damar tsara yanayi na tsabtar da ake buƙata don kare ma'aikatan dakin gwaje-gwaje daga tasirin microflora na cuta, don keɓance alaƙar samfuran bincike tare da yanayin waje. Duk kayan kayan kwalliyar laminar ana rarraba su ta hanyar aji. A tsakanin tsarin aji daya da nau'I, ayyukan samfurin sun banbanta - wasu kwalaye ana yinsu ne kawai don kare kwayar kayan binciken, wasu kuma don kare masu amfani da kwayoyin cutar, wasu kuma don gurbata iska a cikin dakin.
Tsarin aiki
Irin
Kayan aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje suna wakiltar samfuran samfuran da suka dace. Cikakkun tsarin samfuran ya dogara da takamaiman yanayi, fasali na ayyukan bincike. Dogaro da aikin aiki, matakin kariya, kayan aiki tare da abubuwa na musamman, ɗakunan laminar masu gudana suna cikin nau'ikan da yawa:
- na'urori tare da iska mai gudana da iska mai gudana. Misalan allurar a tsaye sun sami babban aiki, tunda ba su da saurin ƙirƙirar yankunan rikici a cikin yankin aiki;
- ta hanyar zane, laminar gudana ministocin don disinfection sun kasu kashi daban-daban wadanda aka tanada da bangarorin gefe da madaidaiciya, sanye take da tashoshi guda daya ko biyu na masu gudanar da aiki, sanye take da kafafuwa masu tsayayye da na wayoyi, sanye take da filtata, compresres;
- gidajen laminar - ana amfani dashi don samun tsabta, yanayin iska mara tsabta. Tabbatar da amincin samfuran bincike kawai, amma ba a amfani da su don kare ma'aikatan dakin gwaje-gwaje da mahalli;
- akwatunan tsaro - kabad wadanda ake amfani dasu don keɓe ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta daga filin aiki. Kayan aikin lokaci guda yana lalata abubuwa masu haɗari, muhalli, da kuma kiyaye ma'aikata.
Don manufar amfani, laminar flow hoods ana rarraba su azaman likitanci da tsarin halitta. Cikakken saitin ya dogara da yanayin aikin kayan aiki. Kusan dukkanin samfuran suna da kayan aiki tare da abubuwan sarrafawar gani na aikin aiki, fitilu, hasken ultraviolet. Babban aikin shine ƙirƙirar yanayin da ake buƙata don gudanar da bincike akan samfuran.
Tsarin tace abu ne mai matukar muhimmanci na kabad din laminar. Ana ƙididdige sigogin fasaha da aiki na tsarin tacewa a matakin ƙira kuma suna ƙayyade ajin lafiyar halittu na akwatin.
Mahalli
Akwatin tsaro
Fitar iska a tsaye
Raba zuwa aji
Lokacin zabar ɗakunan dakunan gwaje-gwaje, ya zama dole a la'akari da waɗanne yanayi za a yi amfani da kayan ɗakunan, abin da wakilai suke buƙatar bincika. A cikin al'adun duniya da na gida, akwai bambance-bambance a cikin rabe-raben ɗakunan kwalliyar laminar bisa ƙa'idodin Amurka, Turai, Jafananci, Australiya. Abubuwan da ke tattare da lafiyar halittu sun kasu kashi uku:
- Kayan aiki na Aji na 1 yana tabbatar da amincin mai aiki da tsire-tsire da mahalli don kauce wa gurɓataccen haɗari (haɗuwa, haɗuwa, haɗuwa) a cikin ɗakin;
- laminar flow cabinet na aji na biyu - akwatin matakin kariya mafi girma, sanye take da matatun HEPA. Ajin ya haɗa da nau'ikan kabad guda huɗu tare da ƙarin kariya daga samfuran gwajin;
- kayan laminar masu gudana na aji na uku - samfura waɗanda ke ba da kariya da amincin samfurin bincike, muhalli, mai aiki.
A cikin rabe-raben gida da na waje, kabadn laminar masu gudana a aji ɗaya suna da tsari daban. Bambanci da matsayin duniya yana haifar da buƙatar ƙarin rarrabuwa na kayan aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje a cikin akwatunan tsari da akwatunan kariya na ƙwayoyin cuta na aji uku.Ana amfani da kabad na Laminar na rukunin farko don aiki tare da jami'ai masu haɗari, na biyu - tare da ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta, radionuclides, cytostatics, abubuwa masu guba na yanayin sunadarai, na uku - tare da ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta na matakin haɗari mafi girma.
Kayan masana'antu
GOSTs da SanPin ne ke tsara samar da kwalaye, cikakken saiti na samfurin ya dogara da takaddun zane na tsirar masana'antar, matakin kariya, ayyukan kayan aikin microbiological. Dangane da aikin mutum, ana iya wadatar da kayan aikin tare da ƙarin abubuwa. Babban kayan aiki da bangarorin akwatin kariya na ilmin halitta:
- Yankin aiki na kayan dakin gwaje-gwaje an yi shi ne da karfe mai inganci - kayan bakin ciki;
- bangarorin gefe, bango na gaba an yi su ne da gilashi mai zafin gaske, kaurinsa ya dogara da samfurin siffofin zane;
- casing na waje anyi shi ne da karfe mai birgima mai sanyi, epoxy ko foda mai rufi;
- an saita kayan aiki - HEPA matattarar tsarin (girman kwayar halitta ya bambanta), tsarin kula da saurin gudu;
- sarrafawa - tsarin microprocessor, Nunin LCD, cibiyar sarrafawa, mai kunna fitilar lokacin aiki;
- aminci - tsarin kare motar fan, toshe na'urori, ƙararrawa mai ji, masu auna firikwensin;
- gani - fitilu masu kyalli, fitilun ultraviolet, manuniya masu nuna kristal.
Gidan laminar biosafety yana da darajoji da dama na kariya - rashin isasshen iska, gurbataccen aikin tace abubuwa, tozartar gilashin gaban, keta kariyar ilmin halitta a cikin akwatin, toshewa ta atomatik idan akwai ƙarfin lantarki, siginar ƙararrawa lokacin da saurin iska ke sauka. Kayan aikin lantarki na lantarki yana ba da nunin alamun aiki a kan zane mai zane, adana bayanai a cikin takamaiman tsari.
Cikakken saiti da kayan aikin kere kere sun dogara ne da rarrabuwa na samfurin, takaddun zane na kamfanin masana'antun, saboda haka don kwafi daban-daban jerin abubuwan wasan dambe sun banbanta, yana yiwuwa a girka ƙarin kayan aiki.
Siffofin aikace-aikace
Zai yiwu a yi amfani da kayan aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje don binciken ƙwayoyin cuta kwatankwacin daidaitattun ƙa'idodin tsabtace jiki. Tunda masana'antun daban suna tsunduma cikin zane da kuma samar da kwalaye, sanya kayan aikin azaman laminar masu kwalliyar kwalliya don kare lafiyar ilmin halitta, ya zama dole a tantance akwatunan daidai don kaucewa aikin ba daidai ba na na'urorin. Aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace:
- matsugunai sun dace don ƙirƙirar yanayin antibacterial ba tare da kariya daga ma'aikata ba, ciki na dakin gwaje-gwaje;
- lokacin aiki tare da microflora mai cutarwa, kuna buƙatar amfani da kayan aiki na aji na biyu;
- yayin gudanar da bincike kan masamman masu haɗari (ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙwayoyin cuta), ana amfani da akwatina na aji na 3 tare da cikakken keɓewa;
- kafin aiki, ana sanya abubuwan da ake buƙata a cikin kyamarar a bayan gilashin gaba, ana saka safar hannu;
- Mataki na gaba shine kashe kwafin aikin, bangon ciki, kunna akwatin, fara bincike;
- dole ne ma'aikaci ya ci gaba da zama daga dakin, ba za a rufe giragizan shan iska ba, ana sanya buhunan da ke shara-shara a tsakiyar majalisar ministoci
Babban abin da ke tantance ikon amfani da takamaiman kayan aiki shine matakin tsafta a cikin ɗakin, girman haɗarin gurɓatarwa tare da wakilin, buƙatar kiyaye samfurin daga ƙazanta, da kuma yiwuwar samuwar iska. Laminar cabinet da ake amfani da magani, pharmaceuticals, forensics, microbiology, kayan aikin, masana'antu sunadarai. Zaɓin yana ƙayyade maƙasudin, ƙira, aji, aiki, girman samfurin.