Koyi game da tsire-tsire gidan Streptocarpus: yanayin sanyi da sauran shahararrun samfuran zamani
A karo na farko, an gano nau'in halittar daji na streptocarpus kusan shekaru 200 da suka gabata (a cikin 1818) kuma ya kasance tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire tare da furanni masu launin shuɗi shuɗi mai shuɗi mai shuɗi biyar.
Diamita na furannin bai wuce 2.0-2.5 cm ba. A halin yanzu, tare da taimakon zaɓin, ana kirar matasan da ke da diamita na furanni har zuwa 12-14 cm.
Launi mafi yawan gaske na furannin streptocarpus sun kasance masu lilac da shuɗi-shuɗi, amma a lokaci guda akwai nau'ikan da keɓaɓɓun fentin da aka zana a dukkan launuka na bakan: daga farin-dusar ƙanƙara zuwa baƙar fata, daga ruwan hoda mai launin ruwan hoda zuwa ja-ja-ja, da ma kirim, lemun tsami, ruwan kalar lemu. Launin furanni a cikin haɓakar da ke haifar da launuka iri ɗaya, biyu da uku.
Babban kwatancen zaɓi
An samo asalin farko na kusan shekaru 40 bayan gabatarwar streptocarpus a cikin rijistar nau'in (a cikin 1855) a cikin Burtaniya. Selectionarin zaɓi ya ci gaba a cikin hanzari ba sauri ba har zuwa 60s da 70s na karnin da ya gabata.
Sannan wannan furen kwatsam ya shigo cikin yanayin, wanda ya zama dalilin tsananin aikin masu kiwo don samun sabbin launuka masu launuka na streptocarpus. A cikin Burtaniya guda ɗaya, kuma musamman a cikin Amurka, streptocarpus suna girma akan sikelin masana'antar noman furanni.
Tabbas, wannan tsiron ya sami kyakkyawar shahara a duniya! Nau'ikan nau'ikan suna birgewa.
Fiye da nau'in 1100 an bred (an samo nau'in 134 a yanayi) kuma wannan ba shine iyaka ba.
Akwai nau'ikan terry da semi-terry iri daban-daban masu launi na rubutu, mai lankwasa, tare da ruffles, fantasy tare da alamu (raga, haskoki) akan fentin da launi mai launi mai ban mamaki.
Daban-daban a cikin sifa da girman bakin. Aturearami da ƙananan ƙananan matasan. Iri-iri tare da koren kore mai haske da kuma ganyayyaki daban-daban (masu rarrafe) sune mashahuri musamman.
Babban kwatancen kiwo streptocarpus a halin yanzu:
- Halittar nau'ikan launuka biyu tare da bambancin wuya da baki.
- Raunin streptocarpus daban-daban.
- Rara rubutun fata.
- Theara ninki biyu na fure.
- Theara girman fure.
- Hyananan matasan.
Babban aikin masu shayarwa a cikin yankuna kamar:
- Mai sauƙin tsabta, mai tsayayya ga mummunan yanayi da safara.
- Tsarin kwance na ganye.
- Gefen ciki na ganyayyaki ja ne, duhu ko fasali, gefen waje yana sheki.
- Doguwa da wadataccen furanni.
- Untataccen peduncles tare da furanni biyar ko fiye.
Iri
Yawancin nau'ikan streptocarpus suna da ban mamaki: shekara-shekara da shekara-shekara, shuke-shuken shuke-shuken shuke-shuke, mazaunan gandun daji masu inuwa da savannas masu bushewa, suna girma akan duwatsu da bishiyoyi ...
Koyaya, duk ana iya raba su zuwa manyan nau'ikan uku:
Nau'in-ganye guda. Tana da babban ganye mai tsayi 60-90 cm tsayi, fadin 10-15 cm, da babba babba. A wasu lokuta ba safai ba, daya ko biyu na karin ganye na iya girma. Babban ganye yana da matukar mahimmanci ga rayuwar dukkan tsiron. Idan ya mutu, dukkanin tsiron suma zasu mutu.
- Nau'in kara, a wasu kalmomin, multivalent. Yana da guda ɗaya ne kawai wanda aka rufe shi da ganye. Har zuwa peduncles 5 suna girma daga bishiyoyin ganye. Wannan nau'in, kamar na baya univalent, ana samun sa sau da yawa a cikin yanayi fiye da a cikin gidajen masu saro furannin fure.
- Nau'in Rosette. Ganyayyakin wannan nau'in suna da maɓuɓɓuka guda ɗaya masu girma a tsakiyar tushen tsarin kuma, suna girma, suna yin rosette, wanda anan ne asalin sunan ya fito. Kadan ya bata
Nau'in rosette na streptocarpus ya shahara a cikin tarin masu noman fure, saboda ana rarrabe shi ta hanyar saurin samar da daidaitattun matasan da ke da karfi da kuma adadi mai yawa na manya.
Shahararrun iri
Kamar yadda aka ambata, kiɗan streptocarp yana ta ƙaruwa, musamman a Amurka da Burtaniya. Manyan shahararrun masu kiwo daga Amurka sun haɗa da:
- Ralph Robinson (Bristol jerin, bred tun 1982).
- Dale Marten (ƙwararre ne a cikin asalin jerin silsilar Iced iri daban-daban) da J. Ford, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Paul Sorano, wanda ya gaji ɗakunan ciyawa da wuraren shan ruwa tare da Saintpaulias daga kakansa a 1993.
- A Japan, kyawawan nau'ikan jinsuna daga Toshihiro Okuto (kiwo tun 1985) abin birgewa ne.
A Rasha, mafi mashahuri sune:
- Iri iri-iri tare da manyan furanni masu haske, wanda aka samo daga Peter Kleszczynski (Poland).
- Doguwa da yalwar flowering streptocarpus daga Pavel Yenikeev (Ukraine).
- Kayan marmari da na ban mamaki wadanda suka fito daga Vyacheslav Paramonov (Russia), Dmitry Demchenko (Russia) da Tatiana Valkova (Russia).
Petr Kleszczynski ta haɗuwa
| Mai kiwo | Iri-iri | Faɗuwar furanni, cm | Bayani |
| Piotr Kleszynski | Hermann | 7–7,5 | Manyan bishiyoyi na sama suna da launin lilac, ƙaramin creamy-yellow an rufe shi ta hanyar burgundy raga wanda ya juya zuwa cikin asalin, iyakar lilac. Rippled gefuna na petals. |
| Draco | 7–8 | Leanƙara, ɗan ganye mai launin ruwan hoda mai ɗan kaɗan, ƙananan masu rawaya mai rawaya mai haske mai haske (kamar wuta daga bakinsa). Girman gefen petals. | |
| Fikinik | 6–7 | Blue raga a kan dukkan petals. Bango na sama fari ne, na ƙasa yana rawaya. Faduwa da sauri. |
Daga masu kiwo na Rasha
| Mai kiwo | Iri-iri | Faɗuwar furanni, cm | Bayani |
| Vyacheslav Paramonov | Tsarin sanyi | 7–8 | A kan farin fatsi mai ɗamara, raga mai ruwan shuɗi. Haske mai duhu mai duhu a wuya. Ganyen koren matsakaiciya ne, mai ƙyalƙyali. |
| Dmitry Demchenko | Black Swan | 8–9 | Ruffy manyan furannin wavy masu launin purple purple, purple-black (farare haskoki a cikin cikin wuya). Fure baƙi |
| Tatiana Valkova | Tsuntsun VaT | 8 | Bambanci mai haske tsakanin saman mai haske mai tsami da na ƙasa tare da wadataccen duhu mai ruwan hoda mai juyawa zuwa babban sautin. Petunƙun daɗaɗɗen furanni tare da bakin ciki. |
Daga Pavel Enikeev na m inuwa
| Mai kiwo | Iri-iri | Faɗuwar furanni, cm | Bayani |
| Pavel Enikeev | Crystal yadin da aka saka | 6,5 | Ruffled gefuna, super ruffle. A kan farin baya na babba na sama, akwai iyaka mai shuɗi mai haske, a kan ƙananan petals ɗin akwai siririn raga mai launi na lilac-shuɗi a bango mai ɗan kaɗan. Ganye masu tauri ne, ba rataye ba. Karamin soket. |
| Himalayas | 10 | Manyan furanni, corrugated. Manyan leda na sama sune launin ruwan kwai mai haske, a kan ƙananan farin haske mai haske mai ruwan hoda. | |
| Kwakwalwar ruwa | 7–8 | Shudi, ko da furannin lilac masu kyan gani a cikin manyan furanni a saman, ƙananan petals: a lilac raga akan farin fari. Kar ka fadi tsawon lokaci. Outofar kyau. | |
| Yawan ruwa | 9–10 | Manyan furanni masu fararen dusar ƙanƙara tare da gefen kwalliya mai ƙarfi. |
Mai launi
| Mai kiwo | Iri-iri | Faɗin diamita, cm | Bayani |
| Pavel Enikeev | Mafarki mai ruwan hoda | 9 | Furanni masu laushi masu laushi a cikin ɓangaren sama tare da murfin kwalliya, a ƙananan ƙananan bishiyoyi akan bango mai ruwan hoda, raga mai launi. M, karamin kanti |
| FIFA | 7–8 | Fure-fure-fure-fure-fure-fure biyu-biyu, ƙananan raƙuman ruwa a kan farin fage suna da ƙamus ɗin kirim da iyaka. Kar ka fadi tsawon lokaci. | |
| Yarinya budurwa | 8 | Fure mai launin shuɗi mai launin ruwan hoda a ɓangaren sama tare da raɗaɗin jan ja a ƙananan ɓangaren farin. | |
| Kaza | 7,5 | Babban launi mai launin lemo-rawaya; gefuna ya zama mai tsufa da shekaru. Akwai shuɗi mai haske a wuya. | |
| Karamar | 5–6 | Pinkananan ruwan hoda mai haske, rawaya rawaya, ƙasan caramel-creamy, shuɗi mai haske. Sautunan ruwa mai laushi, kayan kwalliya. | |
| Kalahari | 7,5 | Manyan furanni ja-rawaya. Rabin na sama duhu ne mai duhu, na ƙasa yana da rawaya mai ƙyalƙyali da wutsi mara kyau. | |
| Lena | 6,5–7,5 | Fure mai furanni biyu tare da haske mai banbanci mai haske. A sama: raga mai laushi a kan farin fari, ƙasa a cikin kirfa mai haske. Iska. | |
| Margarita | 10 | Flowersan fure fure mai jan yaƙutu. M ruwan inabi mai launi. Manyan motocin daukar kaya. | |
| Strawberry | 7–8 | Fari tare da dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa, wucewa kusa da wuya a cikin atamfa. Suna kama da yanke strawberries. Undedunƙun kanana. | |
| Furen Jauhari | 5–6 | Undedananan jan fentin, farin wuya. .Arami. | |
| Kata Tjuta | 10–13 | Waarfi mai ƙarfi, gefen kwalliya; manyan leda na mulufi ne, na kasa kuwa rawaya ne tare da siririn kyaun raga. Raysarin haske da ake gani zuwa wuya. | |
| Jam'iyyar Hawaiian | 5–6 | Fure mai kama-da-biyu mai hade da yaƙutu-Cherry raga da specks, ciki corolla. |
Duhu da zurfin zurfin inuwa mai duhu
| Mai kiwo | Iri-iri | Faɗuwar furanni, cm | Bayani |
| Pavel Enikeev | Mozart | 10 | Manyan flounces, saman shudiya-shuɗi ne, a ƙasa kan bangon rawaya mai ƙyalli shine raga mai laushi da kan iyaka mai ruwan hoda. Babban soket. Furanni suna kiyayewa na dogon lokaci. |
| Whirlpool | 7,5–8 | Furanni suna da shuɗi mai duhu tare da gefen kwano mai walƙiya. Shukayen shuɗi. Ganye mai fadi, gajere zagaye. | |
| Hypnosis | 7–8 | Manya manyan motocin shuki, duhu masu duhu da shuɗi mai haske a bango mai launin shunayya-baƙar fata, wuya mai fararen haske. | |
| Mai Mulki | 6–7 | Dark purple velvety corollas. wuya yana da haske tare da ido mai launin rawaya, geza a gefen gefunan petals, mai daɗaɗɗen corrugated. | |
| polar dare | 12 | Furanni masu zurfin duhu shunayya launi, velvety. | |
| Siberiya | 10–12 | Fure-fure masu launin shuɗi-shuɗi masu ɗaci tare da gefen ruɓaɓɓe. | |
| Ucan Caucasian | 8–9 | Manyan motocin daukar kaya. Babban launi mai ƙarfi na manya. A kan farin baya, ƙananan suna da raga mai shunayya, a cikin wuya akwai rawaya mai launin rawaya da ruwan hoda. | |
| Swallowtail | 7 | Manyan furen sama masu tsananin launin shuɗi, a kan raƙuman rawaya mai ƙanƙan da na ƙananan, raga mai haske mai ruwan hoda. | |
| Ruwan Meteor | 5–6 | Coananan corollas, wavy. A saman yana da shuɗi mai ɗigon ruwan tsami, ƙasan rawaya ne mau kirim mai iyaka mai shuɗi. |
Hoto
A cikin labarinmu kuma zaku iya ganin hotunan nau'ikan nau'ikan wannan tsirrai mai ban mamaki, kamar:
- Fure mai launi?
- Fursunan Caucasus:
- Richelieu:
- Dimetris:
- Da sauransu:
Kulawa
Yawancin jinsunan streptocarpus sun samo asali ne daga gandun daji na wurare masu zafi (haske mai yaduwa, iska mai danshi, yayin lokacin girma, ruwan sama mai yawa, yanayin matsakaici har zuwa 24 ° C).
Akwai jinsunan savanna tare da gajerun ganye masu kauri, wadanda suka fi gandun daji gajere (kuma zasu iya fuskantar hasken rana kai tsaye na wani lokaci, suna jure fari, suna jure fari da kuma lokacin girma, yanayin zafi har zuwa 30 ° C).
Don haka dukkan nau'ikan sun fi son ƙasa mai sauƙi da ƙasa (iska, jikewa da tushen tushen tare da oxygen). Sun kuma yi haƙuri dan kadan overdrying na kasar gona da substrate. Ba sa son hasken rana kai tsaye (musamman a lokacin rani), ba sa haƙuri da sanyi da zane.
A cikin yanayin sanyi, tushen sai ya fara rubewa. Ba shi da kyau a fesa. Ci gaba da ɗumi a cikin ɗumi lokacin bazara. Mabudin nasara: matsakaiciyar zafi (har zuwa 24 ° C), matsakaiciyar ƙasa mai ɗumi (shayar sau 2-3 a mako), iska mai danshi.
A lokacin hunturu, streptocarpus yana bacci ba tare da haske ba. Lokacin hutawa yana ɗaukar watanni 1-2 (Disamba-Fabrairu). Yawan zafin jiki na wannan lokacin ya sauka zuwa 15-18 ° C, an shayar da ruwa sau 1 a kowane mako (yayin da ƙasa ke bushewa).
Sannan suna motsa fure (galibi don baje koli), suna ƙaruwa da hasken rana zuwa awanni 14 ta amfani da fitila-fitila da fitilu mai kyalli. An ɗaga zafin jiki zuwa 24-25 ° C ta shayar sau 2-3 a sati.
A lokacin furannin, yin takin mai da ma'adinai ya zama dole (tsire-tsire da sauri sun lalata ƙasa), an cire busassun furanni da ganye a kan lokaci. Lokacin datsa tsofaffin ganye, streptocarpus yayi girma da sauri kuma yana bada ƙarin peduncles. Yawancin jinsuna suna fure daga farkon bazara zuwa kaka (daga Mayu zuwa Oktoba-Nuwamba).
Munyi magana dalla dalla game da girma streptocarpus da kula da tsire a gida a cikin wannan kayan.
Wurin zama da kiwo
A dabi'a, streptocarpus yana hayayyafa ko dai ta tsaba ko ta hanyar harba shi. A cikin dakunan gwaje-gwaje masu shayarwa suna amfani da nau'ikan nau'ikan streptocarp guda huɗu:
- Tsaba.
- Rarraba kayan lambu na matakai.
- Yanyan ganyen kayan lambu.
- Microclonal dilution.
Sai kawai tare da gicciye da karɓar tsaba yana yiwuwa a sami matasan da sabbin tsaba. Amma haifuwa (mai shuke-shuke) haifuwa na rike da halaye iri-iri na nau'ikan halittu. Tare da kiwo na microclonal, zai zama mai yiwuwa a adana nau'ikan da ba su da haɗari, don inganta lafiyar su.
Don haifuwa na streptocarpus ta hanyar kumburi, ana yanka ganye tare da kaifi mai kaifi ko dai tare da babbar jijiyar zuwa rabi biyu (hanyar gasa burodi), ko zuwa sassa uku tare da tushe tare da fadi mai fadi.
Kuma zaka iya dasa shi tare da yankan ganye, yankan ƙarshen abun yankan yadda yake. Duk sassan sun bushe kuma an yayyafa su da gurɓataccen carbon. Dasa a cikin ƙasa cakuda peat da perlite tare da kaifi tip saukar. Bayan wata daya, tsiron 'ya mace ya bayyana.
Don rarrabuwa ta hanyar harbewa, ya zama dole a sami ƙarin maki da yawa na ci gaban ganye akan uwar jikin, samar da sabbin rotse, sama.
Kafin fara aikin, dunƙulen ƙasa ya zubo da ruwa mai ɗumi, an cire shi daga tukunyar kuma a hankali ya karye ko kuma yanke shi gunduwa-gunduwa, kowannensu ya kamata ya sami ganye da yawa. An bushe sassan kuma an yayyafa su da gurɓataccen carbon ko biostimulant (tushe).
Bayan watanni 1-2, tsire-tsire da aka sasanta sun haɓaka nasu tushen tushen da ganye 15 cm.
Munyi magana game da sifofin haifuwa na streptocarpus da yanayin yadda za'a dasa shi anan, kuma daga wannan labarin zaku koyi yadda fure zata tsiro daga tsaba, guntun ganye da kuma ta hanyar raba daji.
Cututtuka da kwari
Matsayi mai amfani, streptocarpus tsire-tsire ne masu ƙaranci da wadataccen isa. Amma kuma suna da matsaloli na yau da kullun - cututtuka da kwari:
- Grey rot a kan tushen da ganye tare da wuce kima watering da zayyana. Streptocarpus mazauna ƙasa ne marasa ƙarfi da ƙeƙasasshe, toshewar ruwa da ƙasa mai nauyi suna lalata su. Add peat, perlite, sphagnum gansakuka a cikin cakuda ƙasa. Bi da sassan tsire-tsire marasa lafiya tare da maganin jan ƙarfe na ƙarfe da sabulun potassium.
- Bushewa daga ganye, thrips (a bushe iska da kuma yawan zafin jiki). Ana buƙatar maganin 2-3 kowane kwana 5-7 tare da phytoverm ko acarin.
- Red gizo-gizo mite. Bi da magungunan phytoverm ko fugicide. Sanya tsire-tsire marasa lafiya a cikin jakar filastik kuma a ɗaure su sosai don kwanaki 1-2, maimaita bayan kwanaki 7-10. Yana da kyau a ware mai haƙuri kuma a kula da tsire-tsire maƙwabta.
- Maganin fure. Irin wannan maganin gama gari ne: acarin + ruwan dumi + zooshampoo don kaska. Yana da kyau a gudanar da aiki a waje da falo, a baranda, a cikin bandaki mai iska mai kyau (sunadarai). An rufe tsire-tsire mai tsananin gaske tare da fim don kada ya yada spores tare da furen foda, kuma ya hallaka.
- Bayan baje kolin, ana ba da shawarar aiwatar da magani tare da maganin fufunon a cikin ruwan dumi, wanda ya zama dole a tsoma ɓangaren tsire-tsire a cikin maganin kuma a bar digo ya zubo a ƙasa.
- Don maganin kamuwa da cuta, kowane magani na sati 4-6 tare da phytoverm.
Streptocarpus asalinsa an same shi ne a lardin Cape na Afirka ta Kudu kuma ana ɗaukarsa ƙasarsu ta asali a Afirka, Indochina da Thailand, amma yanzu an rarraba su a duniya, saboda albarkatun masu karɓar furannin.
Streptocarpus (Richelieu, Dimetris, da dai sauransu) dangi ne na kusa da violet ɗin Uzambara kuma suna cikin dangin Gesneriaceae. Amma suna da banbanci: daga bakin ganye daya na streptocarpus 6-10 peduncles yayi girma, violet din tana da guda daya.
Wannan tsire-tsire yana da kyawawan kaddarorin ado, babbar dama don kiwo sabbin iri, rashin tsari da wadataccen furanni.