Masada - "sansanin soja na masu tsananin wahala" a Isra'ila

Ana iya kiran Gidan Masada ɗayan manyan alamomin mutanen yahudawa. Duk da cewa al'amuran da suka danganci wannan ginshiki sun faru ne sama da shekaru dubu 2 da suka gabata, suna ci gaba da sanya zuciyar ba kawai masoyan tarihi ba, har ma da 'yan ci rani na yau da kullun.

Janar bayani

Idan ka nemi sansanin soja na Masada akan taswirar Isra’ila, za ka lura cewa tana bakin kogin kudu na Tekun Gishiri kusa da Arad. An banbanta shi da sauran ire-iren wadannan gine-ginen ta hanyar wani yanki wanda ba a saba da shi ba - an kafa bastion din a saman wani babban tsauni, wanda aka kiyaye shi daga duniyar ta waje ta wasu tsaunuka da kuma katangun duwatsu masu kauri wadanda ke kewaye da tsaunukan tare da kewayen yankin.

Ga Isra’ilawa, wannan wurin yana da darajar tarihi sosai, domin a nan ne manyan abubuwan ban tausayi suka faru a rayuwar yahudawa, amma game da su ba da jimawa ba. A halin yanzu, mun lura cewa a karo na farko an sami rusassun kagara a ɗan kwanan nan - a cikin 1862. Gaskiya ne, farkon fara haƙo ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan jan hankali na Isra’ila ya jira na shekaru 100.

A yau Masada tsohon birni ne na gaske wanda aka haɗa shi a cikin jerin UNESCO. A ƙasan dutsen, ana yin bukukuwa da kide kide da wake-wake, wanda wakilan duniya ke nuna kasuwancinsu.

Tunanin tarihi

Tarihin katafaren Masada a Isra'ila cike yake da tatsuniyoyi, tatsuniyoyi da hujjoji marasa gaskiya. Duk ya fara ne da Hirudus, wanda a cikin 25 BC. an tilasta masa neman mafaka don kansa da danginsa a tsakiyar filin tudu mai wahalar shiga. Koyaya, ƙaddara ta yanke hukunci cewa mutumin da ya ci amanar abokan aikinsa ba kawai ya zama ɗan gudun hijira ba, amma kuma an naɗa shi sarkin Yahuza.

Hirudus ya koma Urushalima yana mai nasara, tare da runduna biyu na Roma. Gaskiya ne, duk da wannan, yana tsoron a kashe shi, don haka ya ba da umarnin gina kagara a kan dutsen, wanda a Ibraniyanci yake nufin Masada. An aiwatar da umarnin, kuma katanga da kanta an tanada kuma an wadata ta da duk abin da ɗimbin sojoji za su buƙata idan an kewaye shi da dogon lokaci. Amma Hiridus ya kasa gwada ƙarfin sansanin soja - ya mutu tun kafin maƙiyan farko su farma dutsen.

Tsawon lokacin wanzuwar ta, bastion din ya sami damar canza masu shi da dama, daga cikinsu akwai wadanda suka ci nasara a kan Rome da kuma yahudawa. Dukansu sun sami sha'awar ingantaccen wurin Masada da wadatar kayan aiki kwata-kwata maras kyau a lokacin.

Mazaunan ƙarshe na sansanin sansanin su ne 'yan tawaye, waɗanda bayan faɗuwar Urushalima suka mai da ita matattarar ƙarfin juriyarsu ga mamayewar baƙi. 'Yan tawayen sun sami nasarar riƙe tsaron har tsawon shekaru 3, amma Romawa sun fi dabara. Sun fara kai hari ganuwar katanga da katafila wanda aka ɗora a kan dutsen da ke kusa. Lokacin da wannan bai kawo sakamakon da ake tsammani ba, sai rundunonin sojan suka sanya wuta a daya daga cikin bangon, kuma dole ne iska ta yada wutar a duk yankin.

Fahimtar cewa ba zai yuwu a guji kamawa ba, duk masu kare Masada 960 ko ressarfin ofaukacin Maraƙin sun yanke shawarar zuwa mutuwa. Don aiwatar da wannan manufa, 'yan tawayen sun jefa ƙuri'a, bisa ga abin da aka zaɓi masu aiwatar da wasiyya ta ƙarshe. Dole ne su soki takobi ba kawai abokan aikinsu ba, amma duk mazaunan kagara, gami da yara da mata. Da safe, lokacin da Romawa suka hau dutsen ta ramin da aka huda a bango, sai aka yi musu shiru. Ta haka ne ba kawai gwagwarmayar shekaru 7 da yahudawa suka yi wa zaluncin Roman ba, amma har da tarihin kagara.

Abun takaici, wannan sigar ba ta taɓa samun tabbaci na tarihi ba, saboda ba a taɓa samun rami ko kaburbura a yankin sansanin soja ba. Koyaya, koda wannan gaskiyar bai sanya Masada ya zama sananne ba. Akasin haka - ana ɗaukar wannan ginshiƙi ɗayan da aka fi ziyarta a duniya.

Gano Farashi ko sanya kowane masauki ta amfani da wannan fom

Me za'a gani a Masada a yau?

Dutsen Masada a cikin Israila sananne ne ba kawai don wadataccen tarihinsa da kyawawan hotuna ba, har ma da abubuwan jan hankali da yawa. Bari mu ɗan kalli wasu daga cikinsu.

Bangon garu

Esaddamarwa guda biyu ko bangon kabuɗi wanda ke kewaye da Masada babban tsari ne mai ɗauke da rufi. Tsawon wannan tsohon tsarin, wanda aka tsara ta umarnin Hirudus da kansa, yakai mita 1400. A ciki zaku iya ganin shinge na musamman, waɗanda a wani lokaci suka taka rawar ɗakunan ɗakunan makamai, da masu makoki da wuraren ajiye abinci. Latterarshen ya ƙunshi manyan giyar giya, gari da mai. Kari akan haka, kusan an bude kofofin shiga 7 a bangon - wasu daga cikinsu suna aiki.

Fadar yamma

Wani muhimmin abin jan hankali na sansanin Masada a Isra'ila shine Fadar Yamma ko haArmon haMaaravi, wanda yankinsa ya fi muraba'in mita dubu 4. m. Yau gidan sarautar yana cikin mummunan yanayi, amma daga cikin burbushinsa har yanzu zaka iya gane dakunan kwana, zauren karbar baki, bandakunan masarauta, bitoci da kuma wanka, wadanda aka yi layi da mosaics.

Fadar Arewa

Fadar rataye ko haArmon haTzfoni ana iya kiran shi ɗayan kyawawan abubuwan tarihi na wancan lokacin. Ginin marmari, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin gidan Sarki Hirudus, yana kan dutse, wanda hanya madaidaiciya kuma ba ta dace ba. Wataƙila saboda wannan dalili ne yasa ba a ɗauki haArmon haTzfoni ba kawai mazaunin mai mulki na mai mulki ba, har ma da mahimmin wuri mai mahimmanci. Kuna tambaya, shin da gaske babu sauran wuri? A zahiri, abubuwa 3 masu mahimmanci ne suka jagoranci Hirudus. Da fari dai, akwai wuraren ajiyar duwatsu a cikin wannan ɓangaren dutsen. Abu na biyu, kusan arewacin katanga ba ta fuskantar rana kuma an rufe ta da iska koda a cikin ranaku mafiya zafi. Abu na uku, ya kasance da wahalar kusanci katafaren gidan, don haka mazaunansa ba sa iya jin tsoron wani hari ba zato ba tsammani daga makiya.

Amma masu sha'awar yawon bude ido ba su da sha'awar tarihin Fadar Arewa kamar yadda yake. Ka yi tunanin kawai - wannan tsarin ya ƙunshi matakai guda 3, a warwatse a kan matakan dutse 3 tare da bambancin tsayi kusan na tsawon mita 30. A lokaci guda, saman bene, wanda ke saman dutsen, ya mallaki gidan masarautar kanta. Ya kunshi daki mai dakuna, zauren bikin, fili ga masu gadin fada da kuma burtalin farfajiya wanda mutum zai iya ganin ba kawai ƙananan matakan fadar ba, har ma da yankin da ke kewaye da shi. Kari akan haka, hanyar Roman ta kasance a bayyane daga nan, tana haɗa sansanonin sojoji da tushen Zeelim. Har yanzu tana da ramuka da ɗaruruwan duwatsu zagaye waɗanda aka yi amfani da su don harbi.

A tsakiyar matakin haArmon haTzfoni akwai matakai na ciki, sauka wanda zaka iya ganin abin da ake kira mikvah, wuri ne na alwala mai alfarma. Wannan bangare na gidan sarauta babban zaure ne zagaye da layuka guda biyu na marmara. Abun takaici, yanzu ginshiki ne kawai ya rage daga cikinsu.

Game da matakin ƙarshe, yana kama da zauren rectangular na yau da kullun, wanda aka yi wa ado da tsofaffin frescoes kuma an tsara shi da ginshiƙai masu ɗaukaka. A nan ne, a cikin wani ɗaki na ƙasa, da masana kimiyya suka gano hadadden gidan wanka wanda ya ƙunshi baho mai zafi da tafkuna biyu don ruwan sanyi da ruwan zafi. Tsarin wannan wanka yana da ban sha'awa da gaske. Iska ya yi zafi ta wurin murhu a bayan bango. Sannan aka wuce ta ƙarƙashin marmara na wanka, wanda ginshiƙan yumbu ɗari biyu suka riƙe. Abin takaici, kusan babu abin da ya rage a cikin bene, amma har yanzu ana iya ganin ginshiƙan ginshiƙan.

Majami'a da ɗakin sujada

A kan Dutsen Masada, akwai wani tsari mai mahimmanci ga Isra'ila - tsoffin majami'ar, wanda za a iya kwatanta shekarunsa da Gamla, wanda ke cikin Golan Heights. A nan ne aka samo bayanan, tare da taimakon wanda masana kimiyya suka sami nasarar dawo da tarihin wannan wuri mai ban mamaki. A halin yanzu, ana amfani da ginin majami'a don bikin mashaya, ranar da samarin yahudawa suka manyanta.

Amma ga ɗakin sujada, sufayen Byzantine suka gina shi a cikin karni na 5. Sun ce waɗannan masu bautar su ne mazaunan ƙarshe na sansanin soja.

Tsoffin ɓoye

Za a iya samun ragowar raƙun laka 11, da ake kira ostracons, a kudu da Fadar Hanging - a kan wani ɗan ƙaramin dandamali wanda ya kasance wurin taron 'yan tawayen. Babban fasalin su shine sunayen da aka rubuta a cikin rubutun hannu ɗaya. Daya daga cikin wadannan sunaye na Ben-Yair, mutumin da ya jagoranci kare Masada. Saboda wannan, masana kimiyya suna da niyyar yin imani da cewa an yi amfani da wadannan sifofin ne yayin zana kuri'a daga wadanda suka yi rantsuwar ta karshe.

Madatsun ruwa na dutse

Wataƙila mafi kyawun jan hankalin Masada a cikin Isra'ila shi ne manyan wuraren waha na dutse, waɗanda ke tattarawa da ƙara kiyaye ruwan sama. Godiya ga wadannan wuraren ajiyar, masu kare sansanin katanga sun riƙe tsaro na shekaru da yawa.

Bayani don yawon bude ido

Ginin Masada a Isra'ila ana buɗe kowace rana. Lokacin ziyarar ya bambanta dangane da lokacin:

• Afrilu - Satumba - daga 8 na safe zuwa 5 na yamma;
• Oktoba - Maris - daga 8 na safe zuwa 4 na yamma.

Rikicin ya rufe mintuna 60 a baya a ranakun Juma'a da hutu.

An biya ƙofar sansanin soja:

• Manya - 30 ILS;
• Yara - 12 ILS.

Akwai rangwamen kuɗi don tsofaffi da ɗalibai.

Ga waɗanda suke shirin tsayawa a Isra'ila na ɗan lokaci, zaku iya siyan katin yawon buɗe ido wanda aka tsara don yawan ziyara a lokaci ɗaya:

• Shudi (ziyara 3) - 78 ILS;
• Green (ziyara 6) - 110 ILS;
• Orange (babu iyaka) - 150 ILS.

Katunan suna aiki na sati 2 daga ranar amfani da farko. Farashin daidai yake da dukkanin shekaru.

Amma game da waƙa, ana gudanar da shi kowace rana ban da Juma'a. A lokacin rani - daga 8.00 zuwa 16.00, a cikin hunturu - daga 8.00 zuwa 15.00. An sayi tikitin funicular daban:

• Manya - 80 ILS;
• Yara - 40 ILS.

Ya kamata kuma a sani cewa ana yin nunin haske a kan dutsen a ranar Talata da Alhamis (a lokacin rani - a 21.00, a lokacin sanyi - a 20.00). Farashin - 41 ILS. Bugu da kari, a ƙofar sansanin soja, zaku iya yin odar yawon shakatawa mai jagora, wanda yakai 45 na ILS kowane mutum.

A bayanin kula! Kuna iya bayyana bayanin akan gidan yanar gizon Masada - www.parks.org.il/en/.

Yadda ake hawa dutsen?

Idan kana son zuwa Masada National Park a mota, yi amfani da ɗayan hanyoyi 2.

Hanyar 1. Daga Urushalima

Isowa zuwa ƙofar garin tare da Babbar Hanya 1, matsa zuwa Tekun Gishiri daidai da alamun hanya. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar wucewa mahaɗan Tzomet haGiva haTzorfatit, bi babbar hanya don ɗan fiye da kilomita 30 ka sauka zuwa bakin tekun. Bayan haka, a mahadar Tzomet Beyt haArava, juya kudu kuma kai tsaye zuwa Eastofar Gabas a Masada.

A bayanin kula! Idan kuna kan hanya madaidaiciya, a kan hanyar zaku haɗu da Almog, Ein Gedi, kibbutzim, Mitspe Shalem da KALIA.

Hanyar 2. Daga Arad

Masu yawon bude ido da suka isa Masada daga arewacin Isra’ila sun nufi Beersheba. A wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar zuwa mahadar Tzomet Lehavim, juya kan babbar hanya 31 kuma ku isa Tzomet Zohar, wanda ke zuwa kai tsaye zuwa Tekun Gishiri. Sannan kuna buƙatar matsawa zuwa arewa kuma bayan kimanin kilomita 20 juya hagu (za a sami alamar alama).

A bayanin kula! Idan kun bi umarnin da aka ba ku, to a kan hanyar za ku ga ƙauyukan Bedouin da Tel Arad, tudun archaeological wanda ya ƙunshi abubuwan tarihi na lokacin Talmudic.

Ga waɗanda ke shirin amfani da jigilar jama'a, motocin bas masu zuwa sun dace:

• A'a. 421 - daga tashar Arlozorov da ke Tel Aviv zuwa wurin shakatawar Ein Bokek. Tafiya tana ɗaukar kusan awa 3. Farashin tikiti - 88 ILS;
• Lamba 486, 444 - daga babbar tashar mota a Urushalima zuwa Masada Center. Lokacin tafiya shine awa 1.2. Farashin tikiti 37 ILS.

A bayanin kula! Ana iya samun jadawalin bas din akan gidan yanar gizon kamfanin sufuri "Egged" - www.egged.co.il/en/.

Dutsen kansa ana iya hawa dutsen a kan locatedofar Gabas, kuma a ƙafa - tare da hanyar macijin da ta samo asali daga ƙarshen yamma na Masada kuma ta bi ta Bangon Osadny. Yin tafiya a hankali cikin nutsuwa yana ɗaukar ɗan sama da sa'a ɗaya, zuriya - mintuna 40-45.

Idan ka hau kan dutsen don ganin haske da sautin da ake yi, yi amfani da babbar hanyar da aka zana musamman daga gefen Arad. Ba za ku ɓace a nan ba - akwai alamu a gaba dayan hanyar.

Kwatanta farashin Masauki ta amfani da wannan Fom din

Amfani masu Amfani

Kafin tafiya zuwa Dutsen Masada, lura da waɗannan kyawawan shawarwari:

1. Tafiya a cikin wurin shakatawar tarihi yayi alƙawarin zama ba mai tsanani kawai ba, har ma mai gajiyarwa, don haka don kauce wa damuwa, kula da kyawawan takalma, sanya hula da ɗaukar ruwa tare da ku;
2. Idan yayi zafi sosai a waje, sake tsara lokacin ziyarar ka zuwa sansanin soja zuwa wata rana - a cikin buɗaɗɗun wuraren da zaka iya ƙonewa ko samun zafin rana. Af, ko da a watan Oktoba yana da zafi sosai a Isra'ila - kusan + 30 ° C;
3. Lokaci mafi dacewa don yawon shakatawa shine wayewar gari (kai tsaye bayan buɗewa) - a wannan lokacin har yanzu ba a sami touristsan yawon buɗe ido a nan ba;
4. Kada ku rage kuɗi don mai ban dariya - yana ba da kyakkyawan ra'ayi game da kewaye;
5. A ƙofar sansanin soja, zaku iya yin odar jagorar kanku ko siyan ɗan littafin a cikin yaren da kuke buƙata;
6. Kuna buƙatar ciyar aƙalla awanni 3-4 don sanin wannan jan hankalin.

Adaarfin Masada wuri ne mai ban mamaki da gaske, wanda ke cike da yanayi na tarihi da nutsar da masu yawon buɗe ido a cikin abubuwan da suka gabata.

Don ƙarin cikakkun bayanai na tarihi game da sansanin soja da abin da zaku iya gani akan yankin gani yau, duba bidiyon.

Kalli bidiyon: Bayanai kan masallacin Al- Aqsa (Satumba 2024).