Muna aiwatar da dasawar gloxinia daidai

Gloxinia shukar ƙasa ce ta gidan Gesneriev. Wurin asalin - gandun daji na kudancin Brazil. A farkon karni na 18, an kawo dangi na gloxinia, kyakkyawar ma'amala, zuwa Turai. Wannan ƙananan tsire-tsire masu ba da ganyayyaki sun haifar da gloxinia ta zamani.

Fiye da shekaru 200, ana aiwatar da aikin kiwo don haifar da nau'ikan nau'ikan gloxinia, bayyanar su yanzu ba ta da daidaito, kuma yawan nau'ikan nau'ikan da kuma tarzoma na launuka ba za su iya barin masu sha'awar sha'anin furanni ba. Domin tsiro ya farantawa ido rai na dogon lokaci, kuna buƙatar sanin duk dabarun kulawa na gida da dasawa akan lokaci.

Bayani

Gloxinia itace tsire-tsire mai tsire-tsire wanda ba shi da tushe ko gajere tare da harbe-harben nama har zuwa santimita 25 a tsayi. Ganyayyaki manya ne, duhu ne masu duhu, masu ɗaci da taɓawa, ana iya ganinsu a waje a kansu ƙaramin balaga, saboda wannan sai su zama ba su da ban sha'awa.

Bar ganye ne na yau da kullun kuma yana iya zuwa tsawon santimita 20. Furannin suna da girma, burodi kamar ƙararrawa. Furen, kamar ganye, yana da velvety. Gefen petals ya yi kwalliya. Furanni na iya zuwa santimita 8-12 a diamita. Launuka na irin waɗannan kararrawa na iya bambanta, kuma ana yin furanni da sura gefen gefen petals ko masu dabbare-dabbare. Mai tushe gajere ne, ya karkata zuwa cikin laima, kowane fure a kan wata sifar daban.

A bayanin kula. Lokacin furannin daga watan Maris ne zuwa Yuni, har zuwa furanni 40 zasu iya yin furanni akan shuki ɗaya a lokaci guda.

Yaushe ake bukata?

Ana buƙatar dasawar Gloxinia a lokuta da yawa:

• bayan dormancy, shukar ta farka sai ƙaramar tsiro ta bayyana, amma ganye bai bazu ba;
• lokacin sayen kananan tsiro a cikin kwantena mara dacewa don rayuwar shuka;
• lokacin sayen tubers wadanda basu riga an dasa su a cikin ƙasa ba;
• a cikin yanayi na gaggawa, lokacin da tsire-tsire ke da saukin kamuwa da kwari (gizo-gizo mites, mealybugs) da ke zaune a cikin ƙasa - a wannan yanayin, kuna buƙatar cire tubers daga ƙasa mai gurɓata kuma ku tsabtace shi gaba ɗaya daga ragowar, kuyi maganin ƙwanƙwasa ta hanyar jiƙa shi a cikin maganin potassium permanganate ko ma'ana - Epin da Zircon , cire sassan sassan tuber da wuka kuma bushe da tokar itace;
• a cikin yanayin ci gaban cututtukan fungal na shuka.

Yaushe ya kamata ku bar fure a cikin tukunya ɗaya?

Idan a farkon watan Fabrairu matasa masu ganye tare da ganye suna bayyane a cikin tukunyar inda tubers suka kwana, to, tubers, bayan dormancy, suna jin daɗi a cikin ƙasarsu ta asali kuma basu buƙatar dasawa. A wannan yanayin, bai kamata ku ciyar da gloxinia kai tsaye tare da takin mai magani ba, ko kuma a'a, ƙirƙirar yanayin Spartan don shuka. Sanya tukunyar a kan windowsill kusa da gilashin, kuma don guje wa yanayin sanyi, sanya kwandon kumfa a ƙarƙashin tukunyar.

Shin ana iya yin hakan yayin fure?

A lokacin shudewar furannin gloxinia, dajin ta kamar tana da girma da yaduwa. Yana iya zama alama ga wasu masanan da basu da ƙwarewa cewa shukar ta kasance cikin ƙunci a cikin tukunya, amma wannan zato ne na kuskure.

Mahimmanci! Babu ta yadda za a dasa furan gloxinia, ana iya yin magudi bayan lokacin fure.

Zata rasa dukkan furanninta da kwalliyarta, kuma tsangwama mara kan gado yayin aiwatar da ciyar da tsiron na iya haifar da cikakkiyar mutuwar tubers.

Mafi kyawun lokaci

A cikin lamuran gaggawa, idan kwaro ko cutuka suna barazanar shuka, zaku iya dasawa a kowane lokaci na shekara. Idan shuka ba ta cikin haɗari, to ya kamata a dasa shi bayan tsarin mulki, kuma wannan yana a ƙarshen Fabrairu - farkon Maris.

Bayan furannin karshe ya fure, gaba dayan sashin gloxinia yakan dusashe ya mutu. Duk sassan da suka mutu na shuka, bayan mutuwarsu, ya kamata a cire su a hankali. Ya kamata a saka tukunyar tare da tubers a cikin ƙasa a cikin duhu, wuri mai sanyi tare da zafin jiki na iska na 10-15 ° C. Saboda haka, kuna buƙatar adana shuka har zuwa farkon Fabrairu. Idan harbe-harben tsire-tsire ba su bayyana ba a ƙarshen Fabrairu, to, lokaci ya yi na dasawa.

Firamare

Don dasa shukokin gloxinia, ƙasar da ake amfani da ita don yin violets ta dace. Zai zama mai kyau don ƙara foda yin burodi zuwa ƙasa - vermiculite, perlite, moss sphagnum. A gida, zaku iya shirya naku cakuda.

Wannan na buƙatar haɗawa:

• Piecesauren ƙasa 3 daga kowane itaciyar bishiya, sai dai itacen oak;
• 3 sassan peat;
• 2 yashi.

Don yin ƙasa mai amfani kamar yadda ya yiwu, yana da daraja ƙara gram 200 na humus ga kowane lita 5 na ƙasa. Wannan aikin zai taimaka wa mai tsirar ya yi ba tare da ƙarin subcortex na gloxinia na dogon lokaci ba. Hakanan mahimmin mataki shine maganin cututtukan ƙasa, ana iya yin hakan tare da Maxim da aka siya (ampoule 1 na lita 2 na ruwa).

Kyakkyawan magudanar ruwa na taka muhimmiyar rawa a dasawar gloxinia. Ya dace da wannan - polystyrene, faɗaɗa yumbu, dutsen da aka niƙa. Mafi girman tukunyar, mafi girman matakin magudanar ruwa, har zuwa 1/3 na ƙimar ƙasa gaba ɗaya.

Zaɓin jirgin ruwa

Tukunya don ci gaban ci gaba da ci gaban gloxinia ya kamata ya fi santimita 4-6 faɗi fiye da tuber ɗin da aka dasa.

Magana. Tsayin tukunyar yakamata ya iya ɗaukar santimita 2-3 na magudanar ruwa da kuma wata ƙasa ta ƙasa wacce za a sa tuber gaba ɗaya kuma kada ya fita waje.

Lokacin da ka dasa daga wata tukunya zuwa wata, ka tuna cewa dole ne ya zama akwai wadatacciyar ƙasa tsakanin magudanar ruwa da tuber don haɓaka da ci gaban tushen tushen shukar. Siffar tukunya don girman gloxinia ba shi da mahimmanci. Yana da mahimmanci a bi ƙa'idodin tsayinta don kada ganyen shukar su faɗi ƙasa kuma kada su taɓa farfajiyar da aka ɗora tukunyar. Zai fi kyau yin magudanan ruwa sama da tsire-tsire masu laushi zai fara mutuwa daga alaƙar da ba'a so tare da abubuwan kewaye.

Nasihun Gida

Cikakkun bayanai game da dasa shuki da dasa shukokin gloxinia:

1. Lokacin dasa shuki a tuber, duba mutuncin sa da ingancin sa. Kyakkyawan tuber ya kamata ya zama mai yawa, ba mai fa'ida ba, diamitarsa ​​aƙalla santimita 4. Kada a sami alamun juzu'i ko ruɓaɓɓe akan tuber.
2. Cire dukkan gashi da ragowar ƙasa daga tuber, tunda tuber yakamata ya zama mara kyau sosai kafin a dasa shi (kamar dankali).
3. Sanya malalewa a kasan tukunyar.
4. Cika ƙasa a kan magudanar.
5. Yi ƙasa kamar yadda ya yiwu kamar yadda ya yiwu, zaka iya ƙara capsules na hydrogel don riƙe danshi.
6. Yi ƙira a cikin tsakiyar ƙasa kuma saka tuber a ciki.
7. Rufe tuber da ƙasa, kada a latsa ƙasa ko taɓawa.
8. Idan akwai ɗan ƙaramin harbi akan tuber, yana yiwuwa ba a rufe shi da ƙasa ba, amma lokacin shayarwa, a nan gaba, guji samun ruwa a kai.

Yadda ake zama?

Gloxinia za a iya yada shi kuma a dasa shi ta hanyoyi biyar:

Petiole

1. Don shuka fure daga ganye, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar ganye ɗaya daga ƙasan shuka a watan Yuni-Yuli.
2. Sanya sandar ganye a cikin kwandon ruwa domin ya nutsar cikin ruwa da santimita 1.5-2.
3. Kada a canza ruwan, amma lokaci-lokaci a sama.
4. Rike ganyen a cikin ruwa har sai samari sun fara samuwa a kan makunnin.
5. Bayan wannan samuwar, dasa saurayi a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin santimita 2-3. Don kyakkyawan rooting, rufe yankan da gilashin gilashi ko jakar filastik.

Kalli bidiyo game da haifuwar gloxinia ta hanyar yankan ganye:

Kara yanka

Yanke ƙananan harbe na gefe tare da ganye da yawa a cikin girma gloxinia. Sanya shi a cikin kwandon ruwa har sai Tushen ya nuna, kamar yadda lamarin yake da ganye. Bayan bayyanar asalinsu, dasa shukar da asalinsu, ta hanyar ƙirƙirar tasirin greenhouse tare da gilashi ko jaka.

Takardar

1. Yanke takardar a ƙasan mafitar.
2. Yanke farantin ganye daga gefen baya a fadin jijiyoyin da ke fitowa a cikin wuraren kaurin.
3. Saka takardar a ƙasa mai laushi kuma latsa cuts ɗin zuwa ƙasa.
4. Irƙiri sakamako na greenhouse tare da fim.
5. A wuraren yankan, saiwoyi zai bayyana ba da daɗewa ba, kuma bayan wannan ƙananan ƙananan, waɗanda sai an dasa su gwargwadon tsarin ƙira.

Kara karantawa game da yaduwar ganyen gloxinia nan.

Rarraba tubers

1. Sai kawai manyan tubers waɗanda ke da matakai biyu ko fiye suna ƙarƙashin rarraba. Ana yanka shi da wuka don a sami toho a kowane ɓangare.
2. Yankakken ya kamata a yayyafa da gawayi a bushe shi tsawon kwana 3-5.
3. Shuka a cikin ƙasa mai danshi, kamar duka tubers.

Tsaba

An shuka zuriyar shuka ne ta hanyar ƙarancin roba. A rana ta biyu bayan furewar toho, kana buƙatar canja wurin pollen zuwa fure tare da ɗan goga. Tsaba tayi a cikin kwalaye cikin watanni 2. Ana danshi tsaba Gloxinia kuma an rufe shi da gilashi har sai samari sun fara fitowa. Makonni 2 bayan tsirowa, an cire gilashin kuma an sa ƙwayoyin a cikin haske.

A bayanin kula. Gloxinia na iya nutsewa bayan bayyanar ganye cikakke akan itacen.

Munyi magana dalla dalla game da yadda ake shuka fure daga tsaba a cikin wannan labarin.

Kulawa

Akwai dokoki da yawa don kula da gloxinia a duk matakan ci gabanta da ci gabanta.

Girman zafin jiki

Wannan alamar na iya bambanta a ƙarƙashin yanayi daban-daban:

• a mataki na germination na tubers, yawan zafin jiki ya zama - + 25 ° C;
• bayan rooting - + 18оС - + 22оС;
• a farkon matakin ciyayi - ba ƙasa da + 18 ° C ba;
• yayin lokacin girma mai girma - daga + 22 ° C zuwa + 25 ° C.

Danshi mai iska

Gloxinia yana jin daɗi sosai tare da hucin iska na 50%, ba ƙasa ba. Idan ba zai yiwu ba don tsara irin waɗannan sharuɗɗan, to iyakokin da aka halatta na wannan alamar suna 70-80%. Don kara karatun danshi, sanya tukunyar tare da itacen akan pallet:

• tare da rigar da aka faɗaɗa yumbu;
• tare da ruwa;
• tare da gansakuka.

Kada a fesa ƙasa daga cikin tsiron, saboda gloxinia za ta kamu da rashin lafiya, raƙuman busassun launin ƙasa za su bayyana a ganyen kuma zai mutu.

Shayarwa

Lokacin shayarwa, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da ruwa mai laushi kawai (ruwan sama, narkewa, dafaffen, tace). Ruwa daga pallet ko gefen bakin tukunya don kaucewa fantsama akan shuka. Ruwa don ban ruwa ya kamata ya zama digiri na biyu fiye da zafin jiki na iska. Minti 30 bayan shayarwa, sauran ruwan dole ne a tsame shi daga pallet.

Top miya

Babu buƙatar yin takin farko na watanni 2 na farko bayan shuka. Ya kamata a ci gaba da ciyarwa sau 1 cikin kwanaki 10. Kafin buds sun bayyana, takin gargajiya yana canzawa tare da takin nitrogen.

Lura! Bayan samuwar buds, takin gargajiya madadin tare da phosphorus. Idan ba a yi haka ba, to ci gaban tsire-tsire na iya tsayawa yayin da yake cikin yanayin ɓullar ciyawar ciyayi.

Yadda ake dasawa Gloxinia:

Kammalawa

Kowace shuka tana buƙatar kulawa mai kyau, dasawa akan lokaci da ciyarwa. Babu matsaloli cikin nasarar noman furen gloxinia. Hasaya ne kawai ya fahimci gwargwadon iko da ƙarancin wannan tsire-tsire kuma a cikin gidan hayaki na gida za a sami tarzoma ta launuka, a cikin fasalin launuka iri-iri da nau'ikan gloxinia iri-iri.

Kalli bidiyon: Deba Lachi Zoungou - Ouzouri Wa Mtroumché (Mayu 2024).