Bright ja da ɗanɗano beets masu dadi: halaye da hotuna, namo, nuances na kulawa, girbi da adana amfanin gona
Bordeaux beets sune nau'in gwoza gama gari. An bambanta shi da launi mai haske na tushen amfanin gona, wanda ba ya canzawa koda lokacin da aka gasa shi a cikin tanda da lokacin girki.
Labarin ya bayar da cikakken kwatancen nau'ikan, hoto, yana fada game da abubuwan daban daban, gami da fa'idodi da rashin amfani, sannan kuma ya zayyana yadda ake shuka beets, tarawa, adanawa da amfani dasu, kuma tabbas, ana ba da bayanai game da kowane irin kwari da cututtuka, tare da Nasihu don kawar da su.
Fasali da Bayani
Bordeaux nau'ikan kanti ne. Beets suna zagaye kuma an dan daidaita su. A diamita daga cikin tushen ne 10-15 cm, da kuma nauyi ne 350-500 g. Naman yana da yawa kuma yana da laushi, launinsa mai haske ja. Fatar jiki tabbatacciya ce. Ganyayyaki ruwan hoda ne mai duhu, kuma petioles na burgundy ne. Duwatsu masu duhu ja a warwatse akan saman farantin ganye. Tsawon ganyayyaki shine 35-40 cm. Daga 1 m2 zaka iya girbi 4-8 kilogiram na beets.
Bordeaux galibi ana kiransa iri ɗaya, saboda shuka ɗaya ce ke iya girma daga ɗayan.
Hoto
Mai zuwa hoto na shuka:
Tarihin kiwo
Nau'in ya samo asali ne daga masu shayarwa a cikin karni na 20. An yi shi don namo a kudancin tsakiyar Rasha da ƙasashen Turai.
Menene banbanci da sauran nau'o'in tushen asalinsu?
Bordeaux ba shi da kariya daga cututtuka (ban da peronosporosis da cercosporosis), halayen halaye masu kyau da dandano mai kyau.
Fa'idodi da rashin amfani na wannan tebur iri-iri
Kyakkyawan halaye na iri-iri:
- girma iri iri;
- kyakkyawan kiyayewa;
- juriya fari;
- rigakafi ga cututtukan fungal;
- kiyaye dandano da ƙamshi yayin tsawan ajiya.
Bordeaux kusan ba shi da wata matsala, sai dai cewa tsire-tsire suna jin tsoron zayyanawa da yanayin sanyi.
Don menene kuma a ina ake amfani dashi?
Bordeaux beets ana amfani dasu sosai wajen dafa abinci don shiri na borscht, salads da ruwan 'ya'yan itace da aka matse. Ana amfani da iri-iri a magani don magance:
- atherosclerosis;
- hauhawar jini;
- matsalolin hanji;
- cututtukan jijiyoyin jini.
Umurnin mataki zuwa mataki don girma
Ina kuma nawa za ku sayi tsaba?
Ana iya siyan 'ya'yan Bordeaux a shagunan musamman ko shagunan kan layi. Kudin shine:
- Moscow - 3 g - 9 rubles, 1 kg - 880 rubles.
- Saint Petersburg - 2 g - 7 rubles, 1 kg - 790 rubles.
Lokacin shiga jirgi
Kuna iya shuka tsaba a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa a kowane lokaci na shekara:
- A lokacin bazara... Lokaci mafi kyau shine Afrilu, lokacin da ƙasa ke ɗumi har zuwa + 9 ... 10 digiri.
- Bazara - a watan Yuni.
- A lokacin kaka - a watan Oktoba da farkon Nuwamba. Irin wannan dasawar ana bukatar mulmula shi da dutsen da allurai.
Zabar wurin shuka
Ya kamata shafin ya kasance da haske sosai kuma hasken rana ya dumi shi. Ba a yarda da zane da inuwa ba. Abinda ya faru na ruwan karkashin kasa dole ne yayi zurfi. Da farko dai, kuna buƙatar shuka tsiro wanda bai wuce yanayi 4 a jere ba.
Bai kamata ku dasa Bordeaux bayan wasu nau'o'in gwoza da kabeji ba, kuma magabata na iya zama: tumatir, kokwamba da dankali.
Menene ya kamata kasar gona?
Theasa ya kamata ya zama mai ni'ima kuma ya kwance. An ba da izinin acidity mai sauƙi ko tsaka tsaki, in ba haka ba 'ya'yan itacen za su kasance ƙananan da fibrous.
Saukowa
Kafin shuka, an ba da shawarar yin takin ƙasar tare da mullein. Bayan haka sai a tono yankin a kan bayonet ɗin shebur. Da ake bukata rabbai:
- Nisa tsakanin tsaba da aka shuka shi ne 8-10 cm;
- tsakanin layuka - 25-30 cm.
Zazzabi
Bordeaux ne mai-fari-resistant matasan. Fitowar sa ya fara ratsawa a zafin jiki na + 4 ... 5 digiri. Ya kamata ƙasa ta warmed har zuwa + 12 ... digiri 15. Plantsananan shuke-shuke na iya jure yanayin zafi na aƙalla digiri 2.
Shayarwa
Lokacin da yanayi yayi zafi a lokacin bazara, ana shayarwa kowace rana ko kowace rana. Bushewar ƙasa ba shi da karɓa, in ba haka ba ƙwayoyin da ke tsirowa za su mutu. Yi nome amfanin gona manya sau ɗaya a mako. Yi amfani da ruwa mai kyau.
Top miya
Kuna buƙatar yin abinci sau 3 a kowane yanayi:
- A matakin farko na ci gaba, yi amfani da takin nitrogen.
- Lokacin da ganyen suke rufe da juna, ana kara alli nitrate da phosphorus. Yayyafa a wurin, sannan kuma saka toka a ƙasa. Don 1 m2, 100 g na abu ya isa.
- A watan Agusta, zuba shukar da jiko na toka (kilogiram 1 na ash da lita 10 na ruwa).
Sauran matakan kula da kayan lambu
Lokacin da 'ya'yan itaciyar suka kyankyashe, suna bukatar a yankasu. Har ila yau, mulching wajibi ne don beets, wanda ya rage yawan weeds, yana kare kariya daga zafi fiye da kima. Don waɗannan dalilai, zaka iya amfani da:
- bambaro;
- nettles;
- ciyawa;
- ciyawa;
- ganye;
- kwali;
- polyethylene.
Ana buƙata don sassauta ƙasa da sako a kai a kai. Amma tushen amfanin gona baya batun tudu.
Girbi
Idan waɗannan yankuna ne na arewa, to tsaftacewa ya zama dole a farkon Satumba. A kudanci da tsakiyar, ana girbe amfanin gona a ƙarshen Oktoba, lokacin da zafin rana ba ya wuce digiri 5. Beets ana girbe shi ne kawai a cikin yanayin rana.
Ma'ajin girbi
Tushen da aka tattara ya kamata a adana su a cikin cellar a zafin jiki na -1 ... + 2 digiri har zuwa watanni 5. Don adanawa, zaku iya amfani da kwalaye tare da yashi mai yashi, kwanduna. Za a iya cakuda beets da dankali.
Cututtuka da kwari
Bordeaux iri-iri yana da tsayayyar phomosis, wanda ke kan tushen amfanin gona a lokacin ajiyar hunturu. Amma don rigakafi, ya zama dole don sarrafa acidity na ƙasa, tun da cutar ta bazu cikin sauri a cikin ƙasan alkaline. Ana cire tushen da abin ya shafa daga yankin ajiya. Wani iri-iri ne mai ban mamaki:
- Cercosporosis... Wannan cutar fungal ce wacce ke shafar saman tsiron. An rufe ganye tare da tabo mai ruwan toka mai launin ja da ruwan kasa. Ba shi yiwuwa a warkar da cutar, amma don rigakafin ya zama dole a kiyaye juyawar amfanin gona da kuma kashe ƙasar.
- Ciwon mara... Wannan naman gwari yana faruwa ne akan ganyayyaki da kafafun kafa, sakamakon haka sai saman ya zama kodadde, kuma gefunan farantin ganye ke juyawa. Rigakafin ya haɗa da lalata ƙasa da kiyaye juyawar amfanin gona.
Na kwari, tsire-tsire na iya harba:
- weevil;
- ganye da tushen aphids;
- tashi;
- ƙuma;
- garkuwar ƙwaro;
- sumul mai cin nama.
Don magance kwari, kuna buƙatar bi da tsaba da ruwan Bordeaux kafin shuka. Don kashe kwari, ana amfani da ma'amala da magungunan kwari (Aktara, Lufoks).
Rigakafin matsaloli daban-daban
Lokacin da aka girbe amfanin gona, dole ne a cire dukkan saman. Wannan zai hana kwayoyin cuta da sauran kwayoyin cuta shiga cikin kasar gona. Haka kuma an tono kasar, ana gabatar da mullein sannan a duba kasar don asid.
Girma iri-iri na Bordeaux abu ne mai sauƙi, har ma don mai kula da lambu. Sirrin samun inganci da inganci shine daidai shiri na kasar gona, dasa kayan abu da kuma kulawa ta yau da kullun.