Yin kyawawan tsare-tsaren furanni a cikin lambun ko a farfajiyar lokacin dasa petunias a buɗaɗɗen ƙasa: nuances da kulawa

Petunia ɗayan ɗayan shahararrun shuke-shuke ne na ado, wanda ke da halaye da launuka iri-iri.

Shine amfanin gona na yau da kullun na dangin Solanaceae. Furewa tana farawa shekara mai zuwa bayan shuka.

Daga labarin zaku sami ƙarin sani game da petunia, yadda yake kama, waɗanne iri da zaɓuɓɓukan zane don tsarin fure. Hakanan zamuyi la'akari da yadda za'a magance cututtuka da kwari.

Bayani da tarihin abin da ya faru

Ba za a iya tantance asalin nau'ikan matasan zamani ba.... Gaskiyar ita ce cewa ana ketare su sau da yawa cewa tarihin kowane iri yana da rikicewa.

Lambun gidan gonar petunia mai rarrafe ne ko tsirrai tsaye. Tsayinsa ya kai cm 20-80. Siffar bushes tana da siffar zobe, girmanta ya daidaita. Furannin suna da kamshi da kamannin mazurai. Inflorescences suna cikin sandunan ganyayyaki akan gajeriyar sifar.

Magana! Idan an kula da shuka yadda yakamata, zai yi fure daga Yuni zuwa Oktoba. Don ƙarfafa rassan daji, ya zama dole a datsa tsire-tsire. Kuma cirewar lokaci na yanzu da ya shuɗe buds zai haifar da furanni masu aiki.

Iri-iri

Akwai adadi mai yawa na wannan shuka, za mu bayyana shahararrun su.

Superbissima

Wannan tsiron yana girma har zuwa 70-80 cm. Duk bishiyar an rufe ta da furanni... Girman su shine cm 12-15. Nau'ikan sun banbanta da launuka iri-iri masu haske na furanni da corrugated petals.

Pink sama

Gandun daji ya girma zuwa alama na cm 25-30. Furewa yana farawa daga Yuni zuwa Satumba. Launin furannin ruwan hoda ne, kuma yawansu yakai cm 7-10. Suna girma ne ta hanyar shuka. Ana shuka tsaba a ƙarshen Fabrairu - farkon Maris. Yi tsammanin harbe a cikin kwanaki 7-12. Shuka mai son haske ne, thermophilic. A gare shi, yana da daraja a shirya ƙasa mai sauƙi, mai daushin ƙasa.

Pikoti Corduroy

Wannan tsiron yana da furanni masu shunayya. Suna da farin iyaka, wanda ya ba daji da kyan gani.

Rashin wuta Kan-Kan

Wannan nau'ikan yana halayyar babban juriya da cuta.... Itace kuma tayi fure na dogon lokaci. Launi ja ne, girman fure 12 cm.

Toulouse

Haɗaɗɗiyar haɗuwa ce mai ban sha'awa da launuka iri-iri a cikin hoda mai haske da lemun tsami. Shuke-shuke cikakke ne don girma a waje da baranda.

Fasali na abun da ke ciki da ƙirar hoto

Ta amfani da petunia da nazarin hotunan da ke ƙasa, zaku iya yin zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don yin ado a cikin lambu ko farfajiyar.

Gadon filawa tsaye

Wannan zaɓin ya dace don bayarwa. Don yin wannan, yi firam daga raga ɗin da aka mirgine. Rufe shi da agrofilm daga ciki. Don haka, ana samun nau'in ginshiƙi, wanda dole ne a cika shi da ƙasa. Yi ramuka a cikin ramin raga, inda za a sanya tsirrai.

Itatuwan Petunia

Bishiyoyi daga petunias suna da ban sha'awa sosai. Wannan na buƙatar injin waldi, bututun ƙarfe na diamita daban-daban. Sanya bututu a ƙasa, sannan walƙiya ya tsaya daga gare shi daga bakin bututu. Za su kiyaye tukwanen fure. Yanzu walda ƙarshenta, kafa tsayuwa don akwati. Yi launi da akwati da rassan sakamakon itace kore.

Gadaje na furanni daga kwalaye

Wannan zaɓin yana da ban mamaki a ƙarƙashin windows na gidan ko kan shinge. Ba zai yi wahala a gina irin wannan tsarin ba. Kuna buƙatar samun kwalaye. Za su iya zama katako, yumbu, tare da ƙirƙirar ƙirƙira.

Gadon filawa

Wannan zaɓin yana ba ku damar fahimtar duk wani buri na mai fure. Gadon fure na iya zama mai hawa-hawa, zagaye, murabba'i, a cikin hanyar rafi... Ba damuwa komai girman yankin na birni, tunda koyaushe akwai wuri don abun.

Furen cascades

Ana yin su ne daga nau'ikan ampelous ko cascading. Don samun sakamako na asali, shirya furannin a cikin mai tsire su kuma rataye su. Irin waɗannan abubuwan haɗin gwanon sune shahararren fasaha yayin yin ado a gidan rani ta amfani da petunias. Kuna iya koyon yadda ake dasa shuki da tsiro a cikin tukunyar fure a nan.

Open ƙasa dasa hanya

Ya kamata a gudanar da abubuwan shuka a cikin Maris-Afrilu. Ana iya shuka tsaba kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa... Amma wannan hanyar koyaushe baya baka damar girma mai ƙarfi da kyau. Don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar yin aiki kaɗan kuma zaɓi ɗayan hanyoyin saukarwa masu zuwa:

1. Shuka a cikin akwati mara zurfi... Sanya kayan shuka a ƙasa kuma kar a binne su.
2. Peat Allunan... Suna bayar da kyakkyawan sakamako yayin shuka shuki. Bugu da ƙari, wannan hanyar ta ci nasara da amfani. Kowane kwamfutar hannu ya kamata a jiƙa da shi a gaba, sannan a sa iri 2-3 a ciki. Tsirrai na petunia a cikin allunan peat ba sa buƙatar ɗaukarwa. Ta amfani da wannan hanyar, ana dasa bishiyoyi zuwa cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa tare da allunan.
3. Kaset... Wannan wata hanya ce ta shuka mai dacewa. An sanya iri a cikin kwayar mutum (20x50 ml). Bayan kwanaki 20-30, dasa shukar cikin tukunya. A can, petunia zai yi girma har sai an fara yin burodin farko.
4. Shuka tsaba a cikin dusar ƙanƙara... Mahimmancin wannan hanyar ita ce cewa an shimfiɗa ruɓaɓɓen dusar ƙanƙan kan titi a saman ƙasa, kuma an zuba kayan shuka a kai. Da zaran dusar kankara ta fara narkewa, tana shanyewa kai tsaye tana jan hankalin irin a ƙasa.

A ƙasa zaku iya kallon bidiyon da ke nuna dasa petunia a cikin buɗaɗɗiyar ƙasa:

Tsarin yanayin zafi

Duk wacce aka zaba ta hanyar shuka, don cikar girma da ci gaban shukoki, tana buƙatar kiyaye tsarin zazzabi daidai - 23-25 ​​digiri Celsius. Ya kamata a kiyaye Seedlings a ƙarƙashin polyethylene, samar musu da ruwan sha na zamani.

Kasar gona

Za'a fifita ƙasa mai ƙoshin lafiya, haske da sako-sako. Matsayin pH bazai zama ƙasa da 5.5 ba kuma fiye da 7.0... Don dasa shuki, zaku iya amfani da ƙasar da aka siya ko shirya kanku. Don sanya shi numfashi da kuma gina jiki, sanya vermiculite ko perlite a ciki. Suna yin kamar foda yin burodi. Kuna iya kawar da babban acidity ta hanyar sanya ɗan lemun tsami a cikin ƙasa.

Don shirya kai na cakuda mai gina jiki, kuna buƙatar ɗaukar waɗannan abubuwan masu zuwa daidai gwargwado:

• peat;
• ƙasa mai ganye;
• humus.

Nasiha! Zaka iya ƙara iska a cikin matattarar ta ƙara ƙaramar yashi a ciki.

Haske da wuri

Cibiyar mu tana buƙatar haske. A lokacin hunturu, kwata-kwata bata da isasshen haske saboda hoursan gajeren lokacin hasken rana. Don haka dole ne ku yi amfani da fitila mai haske ko fitilar LED. Rana hasken rana zai zama awanni 12-14. Idan kun yi shuka a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa, to dole ne a sanya shi a cikin wani wuri mai haske, inda babu hasken rana kai tsaye. Lokacin girma a kan windowsill, zaɓi taga mai fuskantar kudu.

Yadda ake kulawa da kyau?

Shayarwa

Wajibi ne a jika ƙasa kai tsaye ƙarƙashin tushen... Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da hanyar ban ruwa ta amfani da sirinji na yau da kullun. Tunda tsiron baya son dusar ruwa, yakamata ayi shayarwa kawai lokacin da coma na ƙasa ya bushe. Yi amfani da ruwa mai laushi ko ruwa kawai don wannan.

Taki

Don samun ƙwaya mai ƙarfi da ƙoshin lafiya, dole ne a ciyar da ƙwaya mai ƙwaya. Lokaci na farko don ƙara mahaɗan nitrogen kwanaki 15-20 bayan samuwar harbe na farko. Wannan zai ba da damar shuka ta yi girman adadin kore. Sannan ya gabatar da abubuwanda aka tsara akan phosphorus. Yi haka sau 2 a wata.

Cututtuka da kwari

Idan aka karya dokokin ƙa'idodi, fure na iya kamuwa da cututtuka da kwari:

1. Useswayoyin cuta... Kwayar cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta suna bayyana kamar launuka masu launin rawaya waɗanda suka hana ci gaba. Babu magani, saboda haka dole ne ku rabu da furen mara lafiya.
2. Kwayar cuta... Ana iya gano shi ta hanyar kasancewar ƙwayoyin jiki masu haske akan tushe. Don magance ƙwayar cuta, cire ci gaban, kuma bi da shuka da irin waɗannan shirye-shiryen: Fitosporin-M, Alirin-B, Gamair, Binoram, Planriz.
3. Farin fure... Wannan cutar ta samar da wani farin hoda a ciki da wajen ganyen. Idan rauni ya yi rauni, to waɗannan magungunan za su taimaka: Fitosporin-M, Alirin-B. Amma tare da shan kashi mai ƙarfi, yana da daraja a bi da Topaz, Strobi, Tiovit Jet, Skor, Purest color.
4. Tsawon lokaci... Wadannan kwari suna lalata farantin ganye, wanda ke haifar da nakasa. Siffofin zane-zane a kan furanni, da launin ruwan kasa tare da gefuna. Ana amfani da wadannan magungunan kwari don yaki: Aktara, Akarin, Aktellik, Biotlin, Confidor, Fufanon. Bayan kwana 5, maimaita magani.
5. Ruwan toka... Tushen da abin ya shafa ya zama mai laushi da ruwa. A danshi mai danshi mai iska, launin toka mai launin toka. Ana amfani da shan kashi ga ganye, mai tushe, furanni. Don yakin, ana amfani da wadannan magungunan: Fitosporin-M, Alirin-B, Gamair, Planriz, Glyokladin, Sternifag.
6. Late bugun gari... Ana iya gane shi ta gaban tushe mai launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa. Saboda wannan, sun zama baƙi kuma sun rataye a gefen tukunyar. Ridomil, Zinare da Alet ana amfani dasu don yaƙi.
7. Aphid... Wannan karamin kwari ne wanda ke kamuwa da kumburi, ganye, furanni, sakamakon haka suka fara lankwashewa suka koma rawaya. Cire aphids ta hanyar kwayoyi masu zuwa: Antitlin, dusturar Taba, Aktellik, Fitoverm, Akarin, Aktara.

Hanyoyin haifuwa

Sake haifuwa na iya faruwa ta hanyar tsaba ko yanka.

Za a iya shuka tsaba a cikin Fabrairu. Tunda kayan dasa karami ne, bai cancanci zurfafa kasar ba, shuka ya kamata ya kasance a saman. Ba a ba da shawarar shuka petunia da yawa ba, in ba haka ba tsirrai za su tsoma baki tare. Dole ne a kiyaye shukar a ƙarƙashin fim, wanda dole ne a buɗe shi kowace rana don yin iska.

Lokacin dasawa, ya zama dole a yanka tsini tare da ganye 4-5 daga uwar shuka kuma saita shi a cikin ƙasa mai gina jiki. Bayan kwanaki 10-15, saiwar ta sami saiwa.

Mahimmanci! Shuka yankakken da aka yanke ba daga baya fiye da awa 1 daga baya, in ba haka ba ba za su sami tushe ba.

Matsaloli da ka iya faruwa

Babu wasu matsaloli na musamman dangane da haɓakar petunias. Suna tashi musamman tare da kulawar da ba ta dace ba:

1. Lalacewar tushen tsarin... Wannan matsalar na daya daga cikin wadanda aka fi sani. Yana faruwa ne saboda yawan danshi na kasar gona.
2. Lalacewar kwari da cututtuka... Akwai kuma ruwan inabin na mai shagon kansa, wanda ke kulawa da ƙarancin petunia.
3. Rashin furanni... Babban dalili shine yawan amfani da takin mai nitrogen. Ana iya amfani da su kawai kafin a ɗora ƙwayayen, bayan haka ya kamata a rage natsuwarsu zuwa mafi ƙaranci.

Lobelias, marigolds da pelargoniums na iya zama abokan nasara don petunias. Amma har ma a cikin tsire-tsire daban-daban, petunias suna da ban sha'awa sosai, musamman nau'ikan su biyu. Ka yi kokarin shuka iri kamar su Surfinia, Ramblin, Grandiflora, Opera, Wave, Tidal, Starry Sky, Typhoon Silver da Gioconda a shafin ka.

Petunia kyakkyawa ce mai ɗorewa wacce ake iya gani yau a kusan kowane gadon filawa. Kuma wannan ba abin mamaki bane, tunda yana cike da launi mai haske, mara kyau a cikin kulawa kuma yana ƙin cututtuka da kwari da kyau.