Hoto da bayanin nau'in aphid. Asexual, kabeji da sauransu
Aphids kwari ne wanda duk yan lambu da masu lambu basa kaunarsa. Kwarin na hayayyafa da sauri kuma suna iya lalata amfanin gona a cikin greenhouse da kuma cikin filin fili.
Aphids suna sauka akan shuka kuma suna shan ruwan da ke ciki. Kwarin sun ninka cikin sauri kuma sun mamaye amfanin gona a yankuna da yawa.
Akwai nau'o'in aphids da yawa, yawan nau'in ya kai ɗari da yawa. A cikin labarin za mu gaya muku abin da kwari suke, nuna hoton kabeji da sauran nau'ikan da yawa.
Kabewa ko kokwamba
Jikin yana da tsayi kaɗan, baya yana nuna da launi a launuka daban-daban na kore. Gira-gwui da gwaiwa baƙaƙe ne. Zauna ko'ina. Mafi sau da yawa akan samu akan:
- kankana da goruna;
- kokwamba;
- beets;
- taba;
- gyaɗa;
- 'ya'yan itacen citrus;
- sesame;
- eucalyptus.
Siffofin ci gaba: haifuwa wani bangare ne na halittu, ci gaba rashin tsari ne da bai kammala ba. A lokacin kakar, al'ummomin 2-3 na budurwai masu canzawa. Daga mace ɗaya, har zuwa mutane 50 ke haɓaka. Wannan nau'in yana daya daga cikin cutarwa. Babban haɗarin shine yawan haihuwa da yaduwa cikin sauri.
Asexual
Ko da irin wannan aphid din tana da yawa. Wannan nau'in haifuwa ana kiransa partogenesis. Idan baku fara yakin ba cikin lokaci, kwaro zai lalata amfanin gonar baki daya.
Babban hatsi
Yana lalata amfanin gonar da yawa (yana shafar hatsi, sha'ir, alkama, hatsin rai da sauran hatsin daji), ciyawar ciyawa da ciyawa. Kwari basu da fikafikai. Jinsin yana da komai.
Sake haifuwa wani bangare ne na jinsi da kuma iskanci. Tsarin ci gaban bai cika ba. Har zuwa ƙarni na 30 suna haɓaka yayin lokacin kunnawa... Suna fitowa daga kwai, kuma suna hirar can. Qwai suna da fari a farko, tare da ci gaban aphids, ya zama mai haske da baƙi.
Cherry
Karin kwari na amfanin gona na 'ya'yan itace. Na mallakar nau'in dioecious ne.
Tsarin rayuwa shine tsararraki daban-daban. A lokacin girma, yakan ninka duka sassan jiki da kuma masu jinsi. Hakanan masu hibernates a cikin ƙwai. Karin kwari ba tare da fuka-fuki ba... Fuka-fukai suna girma zuwa kaka.
Gallic
Ya bambanta a jikin mai siffa mai kama da inuwa mai haske kore ko rawaya. Antennae suna da tsayi, baƙi ko launin ruwan kasa masu duhu. Mata masu fuka-fukai suna haɓaka fuka-fuki a bayyane. Adadin tsaran aphids bai wuce 3 mm ba.
Mafi yawan lokuta, kwari sukan kai hari ga currant ta hanyar cin farantin ganyenta. A cikin karamin lokaci, za su iya lalata daji baki ɗaya. Aphids sun yadu ko'ina. Parasites suna shan ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga ganye, a wannan gaba, kumburin rawaya ko launin burgundy - galls - form.
Wake
Kwan ya yi baƙi, mai siffar sujada. Wanda ya kirkira da budurwar suna da yanayin jiki mai ƙyalli wanda yake taɗi a gefuna. Jiki yana da launin kore, ruwan kasa ko ma baƙi... An rufe shi da fure mai haske.
A cikin mutane masu fikafikai, jiki ya fi sauƙi. Babban cutarwa ana yiwa 'ya'yan itacen da kansu. Bayan harin na parasites, ramuka sun bayyana akan peas, sun zama rawaya kuma sun bushe.
Koren
Kwaro yana da jikin koren haske tare da ɗan ƙaramin ruwan hoda da rawaya. Tsawon jiki bai wuce 2.5 mm ba. Gidaje - Asiya, Turai da Amurka. Babban manufar koren aphid:
- plums;
- ceri plum;
- kabeji;
- dankali;
- taba;
- peach;
- fure;
- dill;
- barkono;
- faski;
- amfanin gona na greenhouse.
Zlakovaya
Akwai rukuni-rukuni sama da 20 na wannan nau'ikan a cikin duniya.Mutane daban-daban suna da iko na musamman don dacewa da kowane yanayi mara kyau. Yana nufin nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu, ci gaba bai cika ba. A lokacin girma, har zuwa ƙarni 30 sun bayyana.
Kabeji
An rarrabe parasite ɗin ta wata faffadan jiki mai launin shuɗi mai launin shuɗi. Gajerun eriya suma suna nan. An rarraba shi a duk yankuna, banda subtropics. Ana zaune yawanci tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire, galibi ana samunsu a kan radishes da kabeji.
A cikin yankuna masu yanayi mai ɗumi, ci gaba bai cika ba; a wasu yankuna, cikakken zagaye na ci gaba. Kimanin ƙarni 15-25 suke bayyana a kowane yanayi. Babbar cutarwa ita ce cewa ta yawaita gaba daya, tana manne da al'ada, baya barinta ta ci gaba kuma tana haifar da mutuwa.
Tushen
Jiki yana da launin rawaya, fari ko kore. Siffar ta ba ta da kyau. A lokaci guda, kan, eriya da nono sun bambanta da launi - suna launin ruwan kasa. Duk jiki an rufe shi da fure mai haske, kwatankwacin kakin zuma. An rarraba a cikin duk nahiyoyi. Za a iya samo shi a kan kowane tsire-tsire.
Mata suna yin hunturu a cikin ƙasa, tare da isowa lokacin bazara suna sa ƙwayoyin da ake haifar borna offspringan su. Babbar cutar ita ce suna tsotse ruwan daga asalinsu, ta hakan ne suke toshe kwararar abubuwan gina jiki ga dukkan tsiron.
Cochineal
Wannan rukunin ya hada da kananan kwari. An samo wani abu na musamman daga aphids mata, wanda shine fenti na halitta. Abphids suna mannewa da tsire, suna tsotse dukkan ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga gare ta. A lokaci guda, mazaunin mazauna baya canzawa. Taki kan ganye daya, yayi kwai kuma ya mutu.
Ja
Jikin jan-kasa-kasa yawanci ana ɓoye shi a cikin ƙaramin tangle na farin zaren. Tsawon kwari bai wuce mm 2 ba, jiki kamar kwai ne. Kirji, kai, ciki da kafafu a bayyane suke a jiki. Matan manya suna da ovipositor. Mafi yawanci yakan kai hari ga bishiyoyi, wanda daga shi yake tsotse ruwan itace.
Redgall
Pananan kwari, tsayinsu ya kai 2.5 mm. Jiki rawaya-kore ne. Haka kuma, kirji da kai launin toka-launin ruwan kasa ne. Larananan tsutsa suna ƙananan ƙananan, fararen launi. Har zuwa larba 50 na iya ci gaba akan ganye ɗaya.
Suna cin currant da itacen apple. Sun zauna a bayan ganyen suna tsotse ruwan daga gare su. Abubuwan da abin ya shafa sun daina bada fruita fruita, ganyensu ya fadi, in babu magani, zasu iya mutuwa.
Masara
Sunan na biyu shi ne dawa. Jikin yana oval, elongated, launin toka-kore. Afafu da eriya suna da duhu - kusan baƙi. A tsakiyar kaka an mamaye shi a kan noman bazara da damuna. Suna zaune ne a cikin sifofin ganyayyaki na sama.
Suna son iska mai ɗumi - har zuwa digiri 25-28, ƙarancin iska mai kyau a gare su shine 65% -75%. Aphids yana bayarwa har zuwa ƙarni 12 a kowace kaka.
Peach
Mata suna da jiki zagaye mai ruwan kasa, tsawonsa ya kai 5 mm. Kan ya bambanta - yana da baƙar fata tare da raƙuman duhu. Namiji yana da launi iri ɗaya, amma girmansa karami ne. Sanya ƙwai na launin ruwan lemo, wanda ƙarshe ya yi duhu zuwa launin ruwan kasa, kuma bayan wasu kwanaki 2-3, kwan ya zama baƙi. Rarraba a cikin yankuna steppe da Crimea. Itatuwan 'ya'yan itace da kwayoyi sun fi cutuwa.
Wannan nau'in aphid yana da komai, saboda lokacin hunturu sun kasance a cikin ƙwai, waɗanda suke ƙarƙashin ƙwarin bishiyoyi ko a cikin rassan. A tsakiyar lokacin bazara, larvae sun fara bunkasa sosai, a cikin wata guda sun zama cikakkun kwari.
Gwoza ganye
Jikin ruwan kasa ne ko baƙi, an rufe shi da fure mai haske. A cikin mutane masu fukafukai, eriya, ƙafa da fikafikai sun fi sauƙi. An rarraba a Turai, Arewacin Amurka, Asiya ta Tsakiya da Caucasus.
Kashewa:
- dankali;
- beets;
- sunflower;
- kayan bazara;
- poppy;
- raspberries;
- legumes.
Mulkin mallaka Aphid yana haifar da murdawar ganyaye da wrinkling, wanda duk tsiron ya daina girma sannan ya mutu.
Baƙi
Inseananan ƙwaro tare da jikin duhu har zuwa 5 mm tsawo. Yana ciyar da ruwan 'ya'yan itace ganye da harbe. Zaɓi tsire-tsire wanda ya ƙunshi yawancin carbohydrates da amino acid. Mace tana yin ƙwai, saboda wannan ba ta buƙatar saduwa da namiji. Suna hibernate a cikin ƙwai a kan tsire-tsire.
Sadovaya
Ya shafi galibi amfanin gona. Tsawon jiki bai wuce 2.5 mm ba. Tana kan ƙananan gefen faranti na ganye, suna zaune a cikin manyan yankuna. A tsawon rayuwarsu, ba sa motsi zuwa wasu ganye.
Yawo
Wannan nau'in aphid yana da fukafukai masu kyau, musamman ga mata. Jiki haske ne a launi, tsawon dr 3 mm. Samun ikon motsawa zuwa wasu faranti na ganye har ma da wasu tsire-tsire.
Aphids kwari ne da ke saurin yaduwa. saboda haka lokacin da aka sami kwaro, kana buƙatar fara faɗa nan da nan - maganin jama'a ko kuma ta wata hanyar. In ba haka ba, aphids za su ci duk albarkatu.
Muna ba ku don kallon bidiyo game da nau'in aphids: