Ajanta, Indiya - asirin gidajen ibada na kogo

Kogon Ajanta suna ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan ban mamaki da ban sha'awa na Indiya. An samu kwatsam a cikin karni na 19, har yanzu basu bayyanawa duniya duk sirrinsu ba. Kowace shekara dubun dubatan yawon buɗe ido suna zuwa nan waɗanda suke magana game da ƙarfin ƙarfin wannan wurin.

Janar bayani

Ajanta tsohuwar hadaddiyar majami'ar Buddha ce a cikin jihar Maharashtra. Bambancin wannan wurin ya ta'allaka ne da cewa gine-ginen addini (akwai 29 daga cikinsu a nan) an sassaka su daidai cikin dutsen. Kogon farko sun bayyana a nan a karni na 1 BC, kuma na ƙarshe - a cikin ƙarni na 17.

Tsohuwar hadadden tana cikin wuri mai ban sha'awa, amma wurin da ba za'a iya shiga ba. Nisa zuwa garin Kuldabad mafi kusa shine kilomita 36.

Abin sha'awa, kusa da kogon Ajanta Ellora - wani hadadden gidan ibada ne na karkashin kasa.

Tunanin tarihi

Ambaton farko na hadadden gidan sufi ya samo asali ne tun daga karni na 1 BC. A waccan lokacin, sufaye suna zaune a nan, waɗanda suka gina sababbin wuraren bautar. Koyaya, wannan ya kasance har zuwa ƙarni na 10-11 - a lokacin musulmai sun zo yankin Indiya ta zamani, kuma addinin Buddha na Indiya ya daina zama sananne tsakanin mazauna yankin (har ma a yau ana yinsa da ƙasa da 2% na yawan jama'a). Haikali na musamman na kogo an watsar dashi an manta dashi tsawon shekaru 800.

Wannan alamar ta sami iska ta biyu ne kawai a tsakiyar ƙarni na 19 - sojojin Ingila na yau da kullun, suna farautar damisa, ba zato ba tsammani suka gano wannan tsarin mai ban mamaki. A cikin kogon, sun gano wani hoto mai ban mamaki: frescoes a bango da ginshiƙai, stupas na dutse da mutum-mutumin Buddha.

Daga wannan lokacin zuwa, aikin hajji na yau da kullun na masana kimiyya da yawon bude ido zuwa Ajanta ya fara. Mafi tsananin bincike shine balaguron James Ferguson, wanda ya bayyana duk kayan adon kuma ya bayyana darajar al'adun wannan wurin ga duk duniya.

Bayan haka, masu zane-zane sun ziyarci ƙauyen fiye da sau ɗaya don sake yin wasu kyan gani. Effortsoƙarinsu ya ƙare da gazawa - duk zane-zanen sun ƙone yayin baje kolin. Mazauna yankin sun yi imani da cewa wannan ramuwar gayya ce ta alloli saboda tsoma baki cikin duniyar su.

Ba a warware yawancin asirin da ke tattare da kogo ba. Misali, masana kimiyya basu iya fahimtar yadda aka haskaka gine-ginen karkashin kasa ba. Dayawa sunyi imanin cewa sufaye sun “kama” rana ta amfani da madubai, amma har yanzu ba a tabbatar da wannan sigar ba.

Fentin da sufaye suka yi amfani da shi don zana bangon kuma ya haifar da tambayoyi - yana haskakawa cikin duhu, kuma ko da bayan shekaru 800 bai shuɗe ba. Masana kimiyya na zamani basu taɓa iya tantance ainihin abin da ya ƙunsa ba.

Hadadden tsari

Filin Ajanta a Indiya ya ƙunshi kogo 29, kowannensu yana da abin da zai gani.

Koguna A'a. 1,2,3

Waɗannan wasu sabbin ne (ƙarni na 12 zuwa 13) da kuma manyan koguna a Ajanta. An bayyana kusan cikakkiyar yanayin su ta gaskiyar cewa sufaye ne kaɗai ke da damar zuwa nan, kuma talakawa suna da 'yancin shiga cikin gine-ginen maƙwabta kawai.

Bambancin wannan ɓangaren haikalin yana cikin zane-zanen dutsen mai ban mamaki. Misali, a ɗayan bangon an sami hoton yara a makaranta, kuma a bangon maƙwabta - silhouettes na mata. Anan kuma zaku iya ganin frescoes masu haske akan taken addini da manyan ginshiƙai da aka zana waɗanda suke ba wa haikalin kyakkyawan kallo. Shahararrun hotuna:

• fresco na wani sarki mai zuriya;
• Sarki Sibi Jataka;
• Vajrapani.

Kogon lamba 4

Ita ce mafi girma (970 sq. M.) Kuma mafi ƙarancin kogo a cikin Ajanta. Ya ƙunshi Wuri Mai Tsarki, veranda da kuma babban zaure. A tsakiyar ɗakin yana zaune Buddha dutse, kuma a gefen akwai nymphs na sama.

Wani abin sha’awa shi ne, kogon ya kasance ya fi zurfi, amma bayan girgizar kasa a karni na 6, an tilasta wa masu sana’ar Indiya ɗaga hawa rufi don ɓoye babban fashewa a cikin dutsen.

Kogo mai lamba 5

Daya daga cikin kogunan Ajanta wadanda ba a gama su ba. An fara gina shi a cikin ƙarni na 3, amma ba da daɗewa ba aka watsar da shi. Babu frescoes da zane-zane a nan, amma akwai firam biyu wanda aka kawata shi da gwaninta.

Kogo # 6, 7

Gidan ibada ne mai hawa biyu tare da hotunan Buddha da yawa akan bango da rufi. Aya daga cikin manyan wuraren tsarkakakku na dukkanin hadaddun, inda masu bi suka zo yin addu'a.

Kogon lamba 8

A cewar masana tarihi, wannan ita ce tsoffin kogo, wanda, a lokaci guda, aka kiyaye shi da kyau. Tana can cikin zurfin zurfi fiye da na maƙwabta. A nan masu yawon bude ido na iya ganin mutum-mutumin Bayan Tunani da sassaka dutsen da yawa. Abin sha'awa, masana tarihi sunyi imanin cewa wannan ɓangaren haikalin a baya an taɓa yin shi da launi ja.

Koguna A'a. 9, 10

Kogo 9 da 10 ƙananan zauren sallah ne, a bangonsu an adana hoto na musamman: frescoes tare da Buddha, hotunan nymphs. Babban kayan ado na farfajiyar manyan ginshiƙai ne da kuma shingen da aka sassaka.

Kogo A'a. 11, 12

Waɗannan ƙananan gidajen ibada biyu ne, an gina su a ƙarni na 5 zuwa 6. A ciki, akwai dogon benci na dutse, kuma a bangon zaka iya ganin frescoes da ke nuna Buddha da sufaye. Wani ƙaramin ɓangare na haikalin ya lalace, dalilin da ya sa ba shi da matukar farin jini ga masu yawon bude ido.

Kogo 13, 14, 15

Waɗannan ƙananan gidajen ibada ne guda 3, waɗanda ba a kammala su ba saboda dalilai na halitta. Masana tarihi sun ce a da babu shakka akwai zane-zane a nan, amma yanzu kuna iya ganin bango kawai.

Kogo # 16, 17

Waɗannan sune manyan kogunan Ajanta guda biyu. Masana tarihi sun shafe fiye da shekara ɗaya a nan, kuma suna faɗin cewa waɗannan sune tsakiya, sabili da haka manyan sassan hadaddun. Da gaske akwai zane-zane da frescoes da yawa a cikin waɗannan ɗakunan: mu'ujizar Shravasti, mafarkin Maya, tarihin Trapusha da Bhallika, bikin noman garma. A gefen bangon dama zaka iya ganin hotunan al'amuran rayuwar Buddha.

Kogon lamba 18

Smallan ƙarami ne amma kyakkyawa ƙwarai tare da ginshiƙai da baka. Aikinsa har yanzu ba'a gama fahimtarsa ​​ba.

Kogon lamba 19

Babban abin jan hankalin zauren shine hoton Naga, wanda ke kare Buddha. Tun da farko, a cewar masana kimiyya, ana iya ganin mandalas da hotunan Yaksha nan. Decoratedofar wannan ɓangaren haikalin an kawata shi da kayan kwalliyar furanni da gumakan gumaka.

Koguna A'a. 20-25

Waɗannan ƙananan kogo ne, ɗayan na ƙarshe da za a gina. Sufaye sun rayu kuma sunyi aiki a wannan ɓangaren hadadden; lokaci-lokaci, farfajiyoyin suna aiki a matsayin mafaka. Wasu ɗakunan suna da ɗaki ƙarƙashin ɗaki da ɗakuna.

An kawata dungeons kamar haka:

• hotunan furanni a bangon:
• frescoes tare da Buddha;
• Rubutun Sanskrit;
• an zana kayan ado a bango da rufi.

Kogon lamba 26

Lambar kogo 26 wuri ne na bautar Buddha da doguwar addu'o'i. Abubuwan da aka sassaka a cikin wannan ɓangaren hadadden sune mafi girman hadadden zamani. Don haka, a nan za ku iya ganin Mahaparinirvana (Buddha da ke kwance), kuma a ƙafafunta - silhouettes na 'ya'yan Maryamu. A tsakiyar apse akwai wata dutsen da aka sassaka a cikin dutsen. A bangon haikalin akwai rubutu da yawa a cikin Sanskrit.

Kogo # 27-2929

Kogo 27, 28 da 29 tare sun kasance ƙananan amma ana yawan ziyartar gidan sufi. Babu kayan ado da yawa a nan, saboda haka yawon buɗe ido ba kasafai suke shiga wannan ɓangaren rukunin Ajanta ba.

Yadda ake zuwa can

Ta bas

Akwai motocin bas na yau da kullun zuwa ƙauyen Ajanta daga garin Aurangabad (nesa - kilomita 90). Lokacin tafiya zai kasance ƙasa da awanni 3. Farashin tikiti shine rupees 30.

Kuna iya zuwa Aurangabad kanta daga kowane babban birni a Indiya ta jirgin ƙasa ko bas.

Ta hanyar taksi

Tafiya ta taksi a Indiya zai fi zama mai sauƙi da sauri. Babban abu shine direban tasi ya san hanyar daidai. Kudin daga Aurangabad - 600-800 rupees.

Bayani mai amfani

Wuri: Ajanta Caves Road, Ajanta 431001, India.

Lokacin aiki: 08.00 - 19.00, Litinin - hutun kwana.

Kudin shiga: rupees 250 - don baƙi, 10 - ga mazauna karkara. Hakanan zaka iya sayan tikiti ɗaya don ziyartar Ajanta da Ellora a Indiya akan rupees 350.

Farashin kan shafin don Oktoba 2019 ne.

Kwatanta farashin Masauki ta amfani da wannan Fom din

Amfani masu Amfani

1. An girka bututu a sassa daban-daban na hadaddun Ajanta, wanda ruwan famfo yake gudana daga gare shi.

2. A cikin gidajen ibada na cikin ƙasa tare da kyawawan frescoes, hasken wuta yayi ƙasa ƙwarai, don haka yawon buɗe ido ya ba da shawarar ɗaukar fitila tare da ku don ganin duk bayanan.
3. Yi shirin tafiya cikin yanayi mai ɗumi, amma ba yanayi mai zafi ba - wurin yana da ban sha'awa sosai, amma da rana mai ƙuna, da ƙyar za ku iya zagaya komai. Hakanan, kar a zo nan da yamma - da rana duwatsun suna zafi sosai.
4. Kafin shiga haikalin kogon na Ajanta, dole ne ku cire takalmanku.
5. An hana ɗaukar hoto mai walƙiya a cikin gidajen ibada.
6. Tunda hanyar Ajanta doguwa ce, an shawarci masu yawon bude ido ko dai su tafi tare da hukumar tafiye-tafiye, ko kuma su yi hayar jagora a Indiya da kansu (mutane da yawa sun san yare da yawa).

Kogon Ajanta na ɗaya daga cikin wuraren da ke da kuzari a Indiya.

Kogin Ajanta - abin mamaki na takwas na duniya:

Kalli bidiyon: Painting of India - Enchanted Ajanta (Yuni 2024).