Tunawa da Holocaust Memorial Yad Vashem - Ba Wanda Zai Manta
Yad Vashem rukunin tunawa ne na Holocaust wanda aka gina don girmama jaruntaka da jaruntakar jama'ar yahudawa. Gidan kayan tarihin yana cikin Urushalima akan Dutsen Tunawa. An kafa jan hankali a tsakiyar karni na 20. Knesset ce ta yanke shawarar kafa abin tunawa don adana tunanin yahudawan da suka kamu da cutar Fascism a tsakanin shekarun 1933 zuwa 1945. Gidan ajiyar kayan tarihi na Yad Vashem da ke Urushalima girmamawa ce ta girmamawa da bauta ga mutanen da suka yi jaruntaka suka yaƙi tsarin fasikanci, waɗanda suka taimaki al'ummar Yahudawa, ta hanyar jaruntaka da rayukansu. Hadadden yana daukar sama da masu yawon bude ido miliyan daya a kowace shekara.
Babban bayani game da Yad Vashem - Museum of Holocaust in Israel
Sunan abin tunawa a Isra'ila yana nufin "hannu da suna". Al’umma da yawa suna amfani da kalmar “Holocaust”, wanda ke nufin bala’in da ya faru da yahudawa gabaɗaya, amma a Ibraniyanci ana amfani da wani kalmar - Shoah, wanda ke nufin “masifa”.
Yawancin yawon bude ido suna zuwa Dutsen Tunawa da Isra'ila don ziyartar Gidan Tarihi na Bala'in Holocaust, amma jan hankali wani yanki ne na tunawa da ƙasa da ya bazu a wani yanki da yawa. Akwai abubuwa da yawa da aka gina anan waɗanda ke tunatar da ƙarnin ƙarni na kisan ƙabilar yahudawa a kowane minti. Wani gidan adana kayan tarihi a Isra’ila ya tunatar da cewa bai kamata a maimaita irin wannan lamari ba kamar kisan kare dangi.
Mahimmanci! Ziyarci gidan kayan gargajiya na Yad Vashem a Isra'ila kyauta ne, kodayake, dole ne ku biya adadin alama. An biya filin ajiye motoci kusa da jan hankalin, an kuma ba da jagorar mai jiwuwa don shekel 25. Hakanan kuna buƙatar biyan kuɗin katin.
Ginin gidan kayan gargajiya a Urushalima an yi shi ne da kankare a siffar alwatika uku na isosceles. A bakin kofar shiga, an nunawa baƙi shirin fim game da rayuwar yahudawa. Tsarin cikin gida yana nuna yanayi mai nauyi kuma yana wakiltar mawuyacin tarihin al'ummar yahudawa yayin Holocaust. Da kyar rana ta karya ta cikin kananan tagogin. Yankin tsakiyar dakin an katange shi tare da abubuwan baje koli don baƙi suyi tafiya ta cikin ɗakunan da ke duhu kuma gaba ɗaya nutsuwa cikin yanayin baƙin ciki.
Kyakkyawan sani! Gidan tarihin Holocaust a cikin Urushalima yana da manyan hotuna goma, kowanne an sadaukar dashi zuwa takamaiman matakin tarihi a rayuwar mutanen yahudawa. An haramta ɗaukar hoto a cikin zauren.
Farkon gallery ya faɗi game da ƙwace mulki daga Hitler, yana shirin mamaye duniya, shirin siyasa na Nazi. Anan ga munanan abubuwan da Hitler yayi niyyar yi wa yahudawa. Baje kolin ya nuna karara yadda rayuwar Jamus ta canza a tsawon shekarun mamayar mulkin fascism - jamhuriya ta dimokiradiyya a cikin 'yan shekaru kawai ta rikide ta zama mulkin kama-karya.
Dakunan da suka biyo baya an keɓe su ne ga lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, tare da ba da kulawa ta musamman don kame ƙasashe maƙwabta da kuma hallaka yahudawa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! Fiye da ghettos dubu ɗaya da Jamusawa suka ƙirƙira a yankin Turai.
Galleryaya daga cikin hotunan an keɓe shi ne a ghetto a Warsaw. Sake buga babban titin ghetto - Leszno. Babban abubuwan da suka faru a rayuwar yahudawa sun faru anan. Baƙi na gidan kayan gargajiya na iya tafiya tare da duwatsu masu duwatsu, duba keken amalanke wanda aka ɗauke gawawwakin. Duk abubuwan da aka gabatar na gaske ne, waɗanda aka kawo daga babban birnin Poland. Wannan ɗakin ya ƙunshi takaddar musamman - umarni don tilastawa Yahudawa korar su zuwa cikin ghetto yayin Holocaust. Takardar ta ce ƙirƙirar ghetto ɗayan matakai ne kawai na shirin, kuma babban burin shi ne a hallaka yahudawa gaba ɗaya.
Zaure na gaba na Gidan Tarihi game da Holocaust a Isra'ila an keɓe shi zuwa matakin ƙirƙirar sansanonin tattara hankali... Yawancin bayanan an mamaye su ne game da Auschwitz. Daga cikin abubuwan baje kolin akwai tufafin zango, har ma da karusa inda aka kai mutanen yahudawa. Wani ɓangare na nune-nunen an sadaukar da shi zuwa sansanin taro mafi girma - Auschwitz-Birkenau. A cikin zauren akwai wata shimfidar abin hawa, a ciki wanda mai saka idanu ke aiki a ciki, wanda a kansa ake nuna tunanin waɗanda suka tsira waɗanda suka yi hanyar zuwa sansanin taro. Har ila yau, an gabatar da cikakkun bayanai game da shinge wanda ya kewaye sansanin, hotunan sansanin sansanin, wanda ke nuna mummunan aikin kisan gillar.
Wani gidan wajan an keɓe shi ne ga jarumawan jarumawa waɗanda suka shiga cikin ceton mutanen yahudawa. Jagorar odiyo ta faɗi irin aikin jaruntaka da mutane suka tafi, mutane nawa ne aka sami ceto.
Wani gidan tarihin shine Hall of Names. Fiye da sunaye da sunayen dangin mutane miliyan uku waɗanda suka kamu da cutar a lokacin mulkin kama karya a lokacin Holocaust ɗin an jera su a nan. An tattara bayanai daga dangin wadanda abin ya shafa. Baƙin jakunkunan baƙaƙe suna kan bango, suna ƙunshe da takardun tarihi na asali tare da shaidar shaida, cikakken bayanin rayuwar mutanen da suka mutu. A cikin zauren, an sare katon mazugi daidai a cikin dutsen. Tsayinsa mita 10 ne, zurfin ya kai mita 7. Ramin ya cika da ruwa, yana nuna hotunan 600 na yahudawa waɗanda suka zama yan Nazi. Akwai cibiyar kwamfuta a cikin wannan ɗakin, inda ake adana bayanai game da waɗanda aka kashe a lokacin Holocaust. Masu ziyara za su iya tuntuɓar ma'aikatan Cibiyar, waɗanda za su sami bayanai game da mutum.
Zauren Epilogue Hall a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya a Isra'ila shine daki daya tilo a cikin gidan kayan tarihin inda ake mai da hankali na musamman kan motsin rai da ji. Ganuwar tana ba da labarin mamacin, wasu bayanai daga abubuwan tuni, abubuwan rubutawa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! Gidan kayan gargajiya ya ƙare da tashar kallo, daga inda zaku iya ganin Urushalima daidai. Shafin yana nuna ƙarshen hanya mai wahala, lokacin da yanci da haske ya zo.
An bude wani taron tunawa da yara a Yad Vashem da ke Kudus, wanda aka sadaukar da shi ga miliyoyin yara da aka kashe a sansanonin maida hankali yayin Holocaust. Abun jan hankali yana cikin kogo, hasken rana kusan bai kai nan ba. An ƙirƙira hasken ta kyandirori masu haske waɗanda aka nuna a cikin madubai. Bayanin ya nuna sunayen yaran, shekarun da yaron ya mutu. Yawancin yawon bude ido sun lura cewa yana da matukar wuya a zauna a wannan zauren na dogon lokaci.
A yankin Gidan Tarihi na Holocaust a Isra'ila, akwai majami'a inda ake hidimtawa kuma ana tunawa da waɗanda aka kashe.
Bangaren gidan kayan tarihin da aka sadaukar da shi ga Holocaust yana da mafi girman tarin abubuwa na musamman, abubuwan marubuta, hotuna, takardu wadanda ke ba da labarin munanan shafukan tarihin yahudawa. Ana nuna abubuwan fasaha da fursunoni suka kirkira a sansanonin taro da kuma ghettos a nan. Akwai baje kolin dindindin da na ɗan lokaci a cikin rumfunan baje kolin, samun damar yin amfani da takardun tarihi da kayan bidiyo yana yiwuwa.
Mahimmanci! Lokacin buɗewa na Gidan Tarihi na Yad Vashem Holocaust a Urushalima: Lahadi-Laraba - daga 9-00 zuwa 17-00, Alhamis - daga 09-00 zuwa 20-00, Juma'a - daga 9-00 zuwa 14-00.
Sauran abubuwa na tunawa da Holocaust a cikin Isra'ila:
- obelisk ga sojoji;
- alley - an dasa bishiyoyi don girmamawa ga talakawa waɗanda, a lokacin shekarun yaƙin, suna saka rayukansu cikin haɗari, da son rai suka ceci da kuma ba da kariya ga yahudawa, masu ceto da dangin waɗanda abin ya shafa sun dasa shukoki;
- abin tunawa ga sojojin da suka yi nasara ga maharan, suka shirya tawaye;
- abin tunawa ga sojoji;
- Filin Janusz Korczak - akwai wani sassaka na shahararren malamin Poland, likita, marubuci Heinrich Goldschmidt, ya ceci yara daga Nazis, da yardar rai ya karɓi mutuwa;
- Kwarin theungiyoyin - wanda yake a yammacin ɓangaren hadadden a cikin Isra'ila, an girke ganuwar sama da ɗari a nan, inda aka lasafta al'ummomi dubu biyar da 'yan Nazi suka lalata a lokacin Holocaust, a cikin Gidan Al'ummomin, akwai nune-nune masu taken.
Kyakkyawan sani! Musamman ma mutane masu ƙwarewa da masu saurin hankali ba'a ba da shawarar ziyarci gidan kayan gargajiya ba.
Cibiyar koyar da kisan kiyashi da kisan kiyashin da aka yiwa yahudawa tana aiki a harabar tunawa da Isra'ila. Aikin ma'aikatan Cibiyar shine fadawa game da bala'in, kar su bari duniya ta manta da wannan mummunan lamarin.
Dokokin ziyartar Tunawa da Yad Vashem na Holocaust a Isra'ila
An ba da izinin ƙofar gidan hadadden tarihi game da Holocaust a Isra'ila don baƙi sama da shekaru 10. Masu yawon bude ido tare da ƙananan yara na iya ziyarci sauran nune-nunen da kayan aiki.
Akwai wasu takunkumi akan yankin:
- an hana shiga da manyan jakunkuna;
- an hana shiga cikin tufafi masu haske, masu da'a;
- babu hayaniya a farfajiyar;
- an hana daukar hoto a gidan kayan gargajiya;
- haramun ne shiga cikin abinci tare da abinci.
Entranceofar yankin gidan kayan tarihin ya ƙare sa'a ɗaya kafin rufe hadaddun abubuwan tunawa.
Gano Farashi ko sanya kowane masauki ta amfani da wannan fom
Bayani mai amfani
Lokacin buɗewa na Gidan Tarihi na Yad Vashem
- Lahadi zuwa Laraba: 8-30 zuwa 17-00;
- Alhamis: daga 8-30 zuwa 20-00;
- Juma'a, ranakun hutu kafin: daga 8-30 zuwa 14-00.
Mahimmanci! An rufe Memorialungiyar Tunawa da Yad Vashem a ranakun Asabar.
Theakin karatu yana karɓar baƙi daga ranar Lahadi zuwa Alhamis daga 8-30 zuwa 17-00. Umarni don takardun tarihi da littattafai ana karɓa har zuwa 15-00.
Kayan more rayuwa
Akwai cibiyar bayanai a Yad Vashem a cikin Kudus, a nan za su ba da cikakken bayani game da nune-nunen, lokutan aiki. Ana samun abinci a cikin gidan kafe (a ƙasa na cibiyar bayanai) ko kuma cikin gidan cin abinci na madara. Shagon yana ba da wallafe-wallafe mai mahimmanci, banɗaki na jama'a da ɗakunan ajiya don abubuwan sirri.
Jagorar sauti
Kudin jagorar mai jiwuwa na sirri shine 30 NIS. Duk wani baƙo zuwa Yad Vashem Museum a Isra'ila na iya siyan shi. Jagoran mai jiwuwa yana gayawa masu yawon bude ido game da baje kolin, kuma yana bayar da bayani ga masu saka idanu 80. Ana ba da belun kunne a ofishin "Audioguide" da kuma tebur don yin odar rangadin balaguro.
Mahimmanci! Ana bayar da jagorar odiyo a cikin Turanci, Ibrananci, Rasha, Spanish, Jamusanci, Faransanci, da Larabci.
Yawon shakatawa
Kuna iya ziyartar Tunawa da Yad Vashem Holocaust a cikin Urushalima da kanku, ko kuma ɓangare na ƙungiyar yawon shakatawa. Labarin yana cikin yare da yawa. Don gaya wa yawon shakatawa a cikin takamaiman yare, kawai kuna buƙatar kiran gidan kayan gargajiya (waya: 972-2-6443802) ko tuntuɓi ta gidan yanar gizon gidan kayan tarihin. Af, hanyar hukuma tana ba da damar zaɓar yaren da ake gudanar da labarin, yin odar jagorar odiyo da sauran ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka. Wasu nune-nunen ana iya kallon su akan layi.
Kwatanta farashin Masauki ta amfani da wannan Fom din
Yadda za'a isa Yad Vashem a cikin Urushalima
Tafiya daga tsakiyar Urushalima, kayi tafiyar kimanin kilomita 5 yamma. Akwai jigilar jama'a a kan hanya kowace rana. Babban alamar ita ce Dutsen Herzl.
Motocin Egged suna gudu zuwa gidan kayan gargajiya, wannan babban jigilar jama'a ne. Kuna iya ɗaukar motar jigilar kaya kyauta tsakanin Yad Vashem Museum da Dutsen Tunawa.
Hakanan akwai tarago mai sauri daga Urushalima zuwa gidan kayan gargajiya. Kuna buƙatar zuwa tashar ƙarshe. Daga nan, ana saukar da baƙi ta ƙaramar bas zuwa abubuwa takwas na rukunin gidan kayan gargajiya.
Mahimmanci! Kuna iya shiga gidan kayan tarihin Holocaust daga mahadar Goland, wanda ke tsakanin gangaren zuwa Ein Karem, da kuma babbar ƙofar zuwa Dutsen Herzel.
Duk wata motar bas da zata doshi Dutsen Herzel a cikin Urushalima za ta kai ku gidan kayan gargajiya. Af, akwai motar yawon bude ido mai lamba 99 a cikin Kudus, wanda ke kawo baƙon Isra’ila kai tsaye zuwa gidan kayan gargajiya.
Idan kuna tafiya a mota, bar abin hawanku a cikin filin ajiye motoci ta ƙasa, dole ne ku biya kuɗin wannan sabis ɗin. Motocin yawon bude ido sun tsaya a mashigar Yad Vashem Memorial.
Gidan Tarihi na Yad Vashem Holocaust a cikin Urushalima yana da girma sosai, kafin tafiya, ziyarci kayan aikin hukuma www.yadvashem.org/yv/ru/index.asp, karanta bayanai masu amfani, wurin manyan abubuwa. Don yawon buɗe ido a cikin Urushalima, zaku iya ware kimanin awanni uku cikin aminci.