Sigiriya - dutsen da kuma tsohuwar kagara a Sri Lanka

Sigiriya (Sri Lanka) dutse ɗaya ne mai tsayin mita 170 kuma an gina masa kagara a gundumar Matale, a tsakiyar ƙasar.

An gina kagara a saman dutsen, an zana bangonsa da frescoes na musamman. Wasu daga cikin mutanen sun rayu har zuwa yau. Rabin rabin zuwa sama, akwai wani tsauni inda manyan masu ƙofa ke tarbar masu shigowa ta hanyar kafa ta zaki. Dangane da wata sigar, an gina sansanin soja bisa roƙon sarki Kassap (Kasyap), kuma bayan mutuwarsa ba a komai a gidan sarautar kuma an yi watsi da ita. Har zuwa karni na XIV, wani gidan ibada na Buddha yana aiki a yankin Sigiriya. A yau jan hankalin yana cikin jerin abubuwan tarihi na UNESCO kuma yana karkashin kariyar sa.

Sigiriya wani jan hankali ne na musamman

Dangane da aikin tono kayan tarihi, a yankin da ke kusa da dutsen, mutane sun rayu a zamanin da. Yawancin ramuka da kogo sune tabbacin wannan.

Hotuna: Sigiriya, Sri Lanka.

A shekara ta 477, Kasyapa, wanda aka haifa daga talakawan sarki, ya karɓi gadon sarauta daga hannun halattaccen magajin Datusena, tare da neman goyon bayan babban kwamandan askarawan. Magajin gadon sarauta, Mugalan, an tilasta shi ya buya a Indiya don ceton ransa. Bayan ya hau gadon sarautar Kasyapa, ya yanke shawarar dauke babban birnin daga Anuradhapura zuwa Sigiriya, inda aka sami kwanciyar hankali da nutsuwa. Wannan matakin an tilasta shi ne, tunda wanda ya kira kansa sarki yana tsoron kada wanda yake gadon sarauta ya mallake shi. Bayan waɗannan abubuwan, Sigiriya ya zama ainihin hadadden birni, tare da kyakkyawan tsarin gine-gine, kariya, kagara da lambuna.

A cikin 495, an kifar da masarautar ba bisa doka ba, kuma babban birnin ya sake komawa Anuradhapura. Kuma a saman dutsen Sigiriya, sufaye masu addinin Buddha sun zauna shekaru da yawa. Zuhudun tana aiki har zuwa karni na 14. Game da lokacin daga ƙarni na 14 zuwa na 17, babu wani bayani game da Sigiriya da aka samu.

Legends da tatsuniyoyi

A cewar daya daga cikin tatsuniyar, Kassapa, mai son hawa karagar mulki, ya kashe mahaifinsa, ya ba shi rai da rai a cikin bangon dam. Kasan Kasyapa Mugalan, wanda sarauniya ta haifa, ya bar ƙasar, amma ya sha alwashin ɗaukar fansa. A Kudancin Indiya, Mugalan ya tara sojoji kuma, bayan ya dawo Sri Lanka, ya shelanta yaƙi da ɗan'uwansa ɗan halal. A lokacin gwagwarmaya, sojoji sun ci amanar Kassapa, shi kuma ya fahimci rashin begen halin da yake ciki, sai ya kashe kansa.

Akwai wata sigar cewa sojojin ba da gangan suka yi watsi da shugabanta ba. A yayin artabu na gaba, giwar Kasyapa ba zato ba tsammani ta juya zuwa wata hanyar. Sojojin sun dauki rawar gani kamar yadda sarki ya yanke shawarar guduwa suka fara ja da baya. Kassapa, an bar shi shi kaɗai, amma mai alfahari da rashin tawakkali, ya zare takobi ya yanka makogwaronsa.

Gwanin archaeological da abubuwan ban mamaki

Sanarwar Sigiriya (Lion Rock) ta Jonathan Forbes ta hannun wani sojan Burtaniya a cikin 1831. A wancan lokacin, saman dutse ya cika da daji sosai, amma nan da nan ya jawo hankalin masana ilimin tarihi da masana tarihi.

Haɗa rami na farko ya fara shekaru 60 daga baya a cikin 1890. An gudanar da cikakken rami a matsayin ɓangare na aikin gwamnatin Triangle Al'adu na Sri Lanka.

Sigiriya ita ce tsohuwar kagara wanda aka gina a ƙarni na 5. Yankin tarihi da kayan tarihi ya kunshi:

• fada a saman Dutsen Zakin;
• farfajiyoyi da ƙofofi, waɗanda suke kusan a tsakiyar dutsen;
• Gangar madubi wacce aka kawata da frescoes;
• ƙananan fadoji da aka ɓoye a bayan lambuna masu daɗi;
• Wuraren kagara da suke yin aikin kariya.

Masu binciken ilimin kimiyyar kayan tarihi sun lura cewa Sigiriya Fortress (Lion Rock) a Sri Lanka ɗayan ɗayan gine-gine ne masu ban mamaki a duniya, waɗanda suka fara daga karni na 1 kuma an adana su sosai. Tsarin birni yana ba da mamaki tare da banbancin ban mamaki na wannan lokacin da tunani mai ban mamaki. Dangane da shirin, birni yana haɗuwa da daidaito da rashin daidaituwa, gine-ginen da mutum ya ƙirƙira su da gwaninta cikin saƙo ba tare da tayar da hankali ko kaɗan ba. A ɓangaren yamma na dutsen akwai wurin shakatawa na masarauta, wanda aka ƙirƙira shi bisa ƙirar tsari mai tsauri. An kirkiro hanyar sadarwa mai hadadden tsari ta hanyoyin ruwa domin samar da shuke-shuke a yankin shakatawa. A ɓangaren kudancin dutsen akwai wurin ajiyar ruwa mai wucin gadi, wanda aka yi amfani da shi sosai, tunda Dutsen Sigiriya yana cikin ɓangaren busassun tsibirin Sri Lanka.

Frescoes

Yammacin gangaren Dutsen Lion lamari ne na musamman - kusan an rufe shi da tsoffin frescoes. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa ake kiran saman dutsen babban ɗakin fasaha.

A da, zane-zane sun rufe dukkan gangaren daga gefen yamma, kuma wannan fili ne na murabba'in mita 5600. Dangane da ɗayan fasali, an nuna 'yan mata 500 a frescoes. Ba a tabbatar da asalinsu ba; majiyoyi daban-daban sun ƙunshi ra'ayoyi daban-daban. Wasu na gaskanta cewa frescoes din suna dauke da hotunan matan kotu, wasu kuma na ganin cewa wadannan 'yan matan ne da suka shiga cikin al'adun addini. Abin takaici, yawancin zane-zane sun ɓace.

Bangon madubi da hanya zuwa frescoes

A lokacin mulkin Kasyapa, an goge bango a kai a kai don mai sarauta, yana tafiya a kai, ya ga abin da ya gani. Bangon an yi shi da bulo an rufe shi da farin filastar. Nau'in zamani na bangon yana ɗauke da ɓangarorin ayoyi da saƙonni daban-daban. Hakanan akwai rubuce-rubuce a bangon dutsen Zakin wanda ya fara tun ƙarni na 8. Yanzu ba shi yiwuwa a bar saƙo a bango, an gabatar da haramcin don kare tsoffin rubutu.

Lambunan Sigiriya

Wannan shine ɗayan manyan sifofin Sigiriya, tunda lambunan suna daga cikin tsoffin lambunan lambuna a duniya. Gidan lambun ya ƙunshi sassa uku.

Lambunan ruwa

Ana iya samun su a yammacin ɓangaren Lion Rock. Akwai lambuna uku a nan.

• Lambun farko an kewaye shi da ruwa, wanda aka haɗa shi zuwa yankin gidan sarauta da hadadden kagara ta hanyar madatsun ruwa 4. Abinda ya kebanta da shi shine an tsara shi bisa ga tsoffin samfurin kuma analoji da yawa sosai waɗanda suka wanzu har zuwa yau.
• Lambun na biyu an kewaye shi da wuraren waha inda koramu ke gudana cikin su. Akwai maɓuɓɓugan ruwa a cikin kwanukan zagaye, an cika su da tsarin lantarki na ƙasa. A lokacin damina, maɓuɓɓugan suna aiki. A ɓangarorin biyu na lambun akwai tsibirai inda aka gina fadojin rani.
• Lambun na uku yana sama da na farkon biyun. A cikin yankin arewa maso gabas akwai babban kwandon octagonal. A gabashin gonar akwai bangon kagara.

Lambunan dutse

Waɗannan manyan duwatsu ne tare da hanyoyin tafiya tsakanin su. Ana iya samun lambunan dutse a ƙasan tsaunin Zaki, tare da gangaren. Duwatsu suna da girma sosai cewa an gina gine-gine a kan yawancin su. Sun kuma yi aikin kariya - lokacin da abokan gaba suka kawo hari, an tura su kan maharan.

Gidan lambuna

Waɗannan su ne filaye kusa da dutsen kan tsaunuka na halitta. An yi su ne da bangon tubali. Kuna iya zuwa daga wannan lambun zuwa wani ta hanyar matattakalar farar ƙasa, wanda daga nan ne ya bi hanyar zuwa farfajiyar babban soro na Sigiriya Castle a Sri Lanka.

Yadda ake zuwa can

Kuna iya zuwa jan hankali daga kowane birni a tsibirin, amma dole ne ku canza jiragen ƙasa a Dambulla. Daga Dambulla zuwa Sigiriya, akwai layukan bas na yau da kullun mai lamba 549/499. Jirgin sama ya tashi daga 6-00 zuwa 19-00. Tafiyar tana ɗaukar mintuna 40 ne kawai.

Hanyoyi masu yuwuwa zuwa Sigiriya

1. Colombo - Dambulla - Sigiriya. Wannan hanyar ita ce mafi dacewa saboda zaku iya siyan tikiti don sauƙin kai tsaye na yau da kullun. Mafi yawan motocin bas suna tafiya daga Colombo zuwa sanannen Dambulla.
2. Matara - Colombo - Dambulla - Sigiriya. Akwai hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa da na bas daga Matara zuwa Colomba. Tafiya tana ɗaukar kimanin awa 4,5. Hakanan, daga tashar bas a Matara, lambar bas 2/48 ya tashi zuwa wurin canja wuri, jiragen saman kwandishan masu sanyin iska zasu dauke ku zuwa Dambulla cikin awanni 8. Za a iya amfani da irin waɗannan jiragen idan kun kasance a Panadura da Tangalle.
3. Kandy - Dambulla - Sigiriya. Mota daga Kandy suna gudana daga sanyin safiya har zuwa 21-00. Kuna iya isa can ta jiragen sama da yawa, bincika lambar kai tsaye a tashar.

4. Anuradhapura - Dambulla - Sigiriya. Daga Anuradhapura akwai hanyoyi 42-2, 43 da 69 / 15-8.
5. Trincomalee - Dambulla - Sigiriya. Motoci biyu na yau da kullun sun tashi don canja wurin - A'a. 45 da 49.
6. Polonnaruwa - Dambulla - Sigiriya. Kuna iya zuwa wurin canja wurin ta bas na yau da kullun A'a. 41-2, 46, 48/27 da 581-3.
7. Arugam Bey - Monaragala - Dambulla - Sigiriya. A cikin Arugam Bay kuna buƙatar ɗaukar lambar bas 303-1, tafiya tana ɗaukar awanni 2.5. Sannan a Monaragal kuna buƙatar canzawa zuwa lambar bas 234 ko 68/580.

Kwatanta farashin Masauki ta amfani da wannan Fom din

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa

1. A cewar ɗayan tatsuniyar, Kasyapa ya rayar da mahaifinsa yana raye a cikin madatsar ruwa lokacin da ya gano cewa bai da wadata kamar yadda yake.
2. Tabbacin bayyanar mutum na farko a Sigiriya an samo shi a cikin babban tsaunin Aligala, wanda ke gabashin gabashin sansanin dutse. Wannan ya tabbatar da cewa mutane a wannan yankin sun rayu kimanin shekaru dubu 5 da suka gabata.
3. Gateofar yamma na Sigiriya Castle, mafi kyau da kwarjini, an ba da izinin membobin gidan sarauta ne kawai.

4. Dutsen Sigiriya a Sri Lanka dutse ne wanda aka samo shi daga magama wani dutsen da yake aiki a dā. Yau ta lalace.
5. Masana sun lura da fasaha ta musamman wacce ake yin dukkan frescoes - an yi amfani da layukan ta hanya ta musamman don ba da zane zane. An yi amfani da fentin a cikin shanyewar jiki tare da matsin lamba ɗaya don launi ya yi wadata a gefen hoton. Dangane da fasaha, frescoes suna kama da waɗanda aka samu a kogon Ajanta na Indiya.
6. Kwararrun masana na Sri Lanka sun fassara ayoyi sama da 680 da rubuce rubuce akan bango daga ƙarni na 8 zuwa na 10 AD.
7. Lambunan ruwa na hadaddun suna daidaita daidai dangane da hanyar gabas da yamma. A ɓangaren yamma ana haɗa su da moat, kuma a kudu kusa da tabki na wucin gadi. An haɗa wuraren waha na lambunan lambuna guda uku ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa ta bututun mai.

8. Ana amfani da duwatsun, waɗanda yau sune lambun dutse, a baya don yaƙi da abokan gaba - an jefa su daga dutsen lokacin da sojojin abokan gaba suka kusanci Sigiriya.
9. An zaɓi siffar zaki don ƙofar saboda dalili. Zaki alama ce ta Sri Lanka, wanda aka zana akan alamomin ƙasa kuma yana nuna ɗan gidan Ceylonians.

Yana da ban sha'awa! Hawan saman dutsen Zakin yana ɗaukar awanni 2 a matsakaita. A kan hanya, tabbas za ku haɗu da garken birai na daji waɗanda ke roƙon magunguna daga masu yawon buɗe ido.

Bayani mai amfani ga masu yawon bude ido

Kudin shiga:

• balagagge - rupees 4500, kimanin $ 30;
• yara - rupees 2250, kimanin $ 15.

Admission kyauta ne ga yara 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 6.

Fadar dutse hadaddun ayyuka daga 7-00 zuwa 18-00. Ofisoshin tikiti suna buɗe kawai har zuwa 17-00.

Baƙon ya karɓi tikiti wanda ya ƙunshi sassa uku masu saurin cirewa. Kowane bangare yana ba da haƙƙin ziyarta:

• babbar mashiga;
• bangon madubi;
• gidan kayan gargajiya

Yana da mahimmanci! Nunin a cikin gidan kayan tarihin ba shi da ƙarfi kuma ba mai ban sha'awa ba ne, don haka ba kwa buƙatar ɓata lokaci don ziyartarsa.

Mafi kyawun lokacin balaguro shine daga 7-00, lokacin da babu zafin rana mai gajiya. Hakanan zaka iya ganin jan hankali bayan abincin rana - a 15-00, lokacin da adadin yawon bude ido ya ragu. Tabbatar ɗaukar ruwa tare, tunda zakuyi tafiya na aƙalla awanni 3, kuma ba a siyar da ruwa a yankin hadaddun

Mafi kyawun yanayi don ziyarar Sigiriya daga Disamba zuwa Afrilu ko tsakiyar rani zuwa Satumba. A wannan lokacin, ba safai ake ruwan sama a tsakiyar yankin Sri Lanka ba, yanayi ya fi dacewa don ziyartar gidan sarauta. Yawancin ruwan sama yana faruwa a cikin Afrilu da Nuwamba.

Yana da mahimmanci! Shahararren nishaɗi tsakanin masu yawon bude ido shine kallon fitowar rana a Sigiriya. Don wannan, an zaɓi lokaci mai kyau don kada sama ta lulluɓe da gajimare.

Sigiriya (Sri Lanka) tsohuwar hadaddiya ce a kan dutse, wanda aka yarda da ita azaman wanda aka fi ziyarta a tsibirin. Wannan babban abin tarihi ne na tarihi wanda za'a iya yaba dashi a yau.

Bidiyo mai ban sha'awa tare da bayanai masu amfani - kalla idan kuna son ƙarin sani game da Sigiriya.

Kalli bidiyon: SIGIRIYA ROCK, SRI LANKA TRAVEL GUIDE (Yuni 2024).