Mayu 1 hutu - tarihi, abin da za a bayar
Ranar Mayu, Ranar Mayu! Wane hutu ne? “Ina zana da jan alli da ƙarfin gwiwa: salama, aiki da Mayu ...” Sau ɗaya a kowane lokaci, kowace shekara a safiyar ranar Mayu, waɗannan layukan suna yin sauti daga duk bakin bakin babbar ƙasarmu, kuma miliyoyin mutane sun tafi zanga-zangar ranar Mayu, suna farin ciki, sun sami hutawa, suna gaskanta da ƙarfin kansu, 'yanci da rashin nasara.
Tabbas, zamanin Tarayyar Soviet da kyawawan manufofin kwaminisanci sun shuɗe daga abubuwan da suka gabata. Amma a zamaninmu, 1 ga Mayu - Ranar Bazara da Kwadago, ranar hadin kan ma'aikata - daya ce daga cikin ranakun hutu na Russia.
Ranar Mayu ita ce farkon watan bazara na ƙarshe, lokacin da aka daɗe ana jiransa, fure mai lilac, da tsammanin lokacin rani mai zafi da taushi. 1 ga Mayu ita ce rana ta farko a cikin jerin hutu da miliyoyin ke so, dama don shakatawa, hutawa tare da iyalinka, halartar zanga-zanga, farati da sauran abubuwan ban sha'awa.
Amma idan tsoffin ƙarni har yanzu suna tuna asalin wannan ranar a cikin Tarayyar Soviet, to ga matasa ranar Mayu ba haraji ba ce ga al'adu da ƙa'idodin da suka gabata, amma ƙarin hutu ne kawai a cikin layin aiki. Daga ina wannan hutun ya fito? Kuma shin a Rasha ne kawai ake yin bikin?
Tarihin hutu
Idan kuna tunanin cewa ranar Mayu ta samo asali ne daga Tarayyar Soviet, kuna kuskure. A zahiri, yana da tarihi hutun Amurkawa. A cikin 1886, a ranar 1 ga Mayu, yajin aiki na ma'aikata ya faru a garin Chicago na Amurka: mutanen da suka gaji da aiki na tsawon awanni 15 sun bukaci sassauta yanayin aiki, ranakun hutu na doka da kuma lamuni na zamantakewa.
Yajin aikin bai kawo sakamakon da ake nema ba: hukumomin Amurka sun wulakanta taron, da yawa sun ji rauni har ma an kashe su. Koyaya, daga wannan ranar, ranar 1 ga Mayu ta kafu sosai a kalandar Amurka: a kowace shekara, maaikata a duk faɗin ƙasar sun fara fitowa kan tituna, suna neman a nuna adalci ga aikinsu. A cikin 1889, Majalisar Dokokin Paris ta amince da wannan ranar a matsayin hutu kuma ta ba ta sunan hukuma na farko: Ranar Haɗin Kai na Ma'aikata.
A cikin 1890, wahayi daga misalin ma'aikatan Chicago, sun halarci zanga-zangar ranar Mayu a Warsaw. A cikin wannan shekarar, ƙananan ayyukan farko sun faru a Tsarist Russia. Manyan zanga-zangar da aka samu ta 1897: sannan dubunnan mutane sun hau kan titunan ƙasar. Jan tutoci ya kaɗa, taken taken neman sauyi ya kaɗa. A cikin 1917, a jajibirin shahararren juyin juya halin Oktoba, miliyoyin mutane sun halarci zanga-zangar a duk faɗin Rasha. A cikin wannan shekarar ne bikin 1 ga Mayu ya sami irin wannan halin, wanda muka sani daga hotuna da bidiyo na tarihin Soviet.
Bayan kifar da gwamnatin tsarist da kuma zuwan kwaminisanci, hutun ya ɗan canza vector ɗinsa. Yanzu, mutane masu aiki da ke rayuwa a cikin babbar kasa, mai 'yanci da kyakkyawar makoma ba sa bukatar kare hakkokinsu: sun yi gwagwarmaya don daidaito da sauran al'ummomin da ake zalunta, don zaman lafiyar duniya, sun yi shelar' yanci kuma sun tashi tsaye don gina kwaminisancin duniya.
Zanga-zangar ranar Mayu ta kwaminis ta ƙarshe da aka yi a 1991. Bayan rugujewar Tarayyar Soviet, an sauya wa hutun suna ranar bazara da ranar ma'aikata. A yau ana yin bikin ne a kan ƙaramin sikelin kaɗan, amma duk da haka ita ce mafi 'yanci da mafi' yanci-tunani a cikin grid ɗin mutanen Rasha. Bangarori da kungiyoyi da dama sun fito don yin gangami tare da bukatunsu, zanga-zanga kala kala, kide kide da wake-wake, ana aiwatar da ayyuka a duk faɗin ƙasar, kuma komai ya ƙare da wasan wuta mai haske.
Bidiyon bidiyo
Kamar yadda aka yi bikin ranar 1 ga Mayu a wasu kasashen
Shahararren ranar Mayu ana yin bikin ba kawai a cikin Amurka, Rasha da Poland ba. Kusan ƙasashe 150 a duniya sun fito kan tituna a ranar 1 ga Mayu don shelar ra'ayoyinsu na kyauta, suna ihu da manyan kalmomi kuma kawai ku huta da annashuwa. A cikin ƙasashe daban-daban ana kiranta daban: a Kazakhstan ita ce Ranar Haɗin Peoplesan Adam, a Spain ita ce ranar furanni, kuma a cikin dayasar Italiya ranar da ta fi kowa farin ciki a shekara suna ne mai ban mamaki, dama? - amma asalinsu kusan iri daya ne: wannan hutu ne da aka keɓe ga bazara, 'yanci da daidaito.
Ana bikin ranar Mayu ta hanyoyi daban-daban a kasashe daban-daban. A Jamus, ana gudanar da baje kolin launuka da yawa, kuma akwai wata al'ada mai taɓawa: namiji mai ƙauna zai iya shuka ɗanɗano a ƙarƙashin tagogin budurwarsa. A cikin Sweden, a daren ranar 1 ga Mayu, datti da aka tara a lokacin hunturu ya ƙone. A Girka, wannan ranar alama ce ta canjin yanayi (daidai da irin tatsuniyar Demeter da Persephone), kuma 'yan mata suna sakar furanni na furannin daji. A Faransa da Italiya, a wannan rana, ana shirya duka bikin furanni, kuma dukkan mutane suna ba da furanni ga juna, kuma a Holland a ranar 1 ga Mayu ana yin bikin tulip, kuma dubban masu yawon buɗe ido daga ko'ina cikin duniya suna zuwa wannan ƙasa kowace shekara don ganin wani abin kallo mai kayatarwa.
Bidiyon bidiyo
Yadda ake taya abokai da abokan aiki murna, me za a bayar
1 ga watan Mayu biki ne mai nasaba da tarihi dangane da hakkoki da yanci na yan kasa, don haka mafi kyawu abin da zaka iya yi a wannan rana shine ka sami hutu sosai. Taya dangi da abokai ta hanyar gayyatar su zuwa yawon buda ido a yanayi ko zuwa gasa a kasar. Idan babu hanyar fita daga gari - je zuwa zanga-zanga tare, sayi tutoci da launuka masu launuka iri iri, da kuma wani abu mai daɗi a cikin tantuna masu yawa.
Yana da al'ada don ba da wani abu mai amfani a ranar 1 ga Mayu. Ana iya gabatar da manajan ko darektan tare da littafin rubutu, mai shiryawa ko kalandar asali. Idan fahimtar juna da kyakkyawar ma'amala suka kasance, za ku iya yin 'yar raha: ba da kyautar abin wasa ga "Babban Shugaba" ko alama a ƙofar ofis ɗin "Don Allah kar a damemu - shugabannin sun janye kansu." Akwai kayan tarihi masu yawa da yawa a cikin shagunan kyauta.
Abokan aiki - suna gabatarwa kan batutuwa na kwararru: saitin jar alkalami ga malami, kyakkyawar harka don kayan aikin agaji na farko don likita, alkalami mai tsada don lauya ko ɗan kasuwa. Kula da abubuwan nishaɗin abokan aiki: mai kula da lambu zai yi farin ciki da kayan aikin lambu, tsaba da tsire-tsire, da mace mai allura - tare da sabon zaren ko saitin masu zane. Babban abu shine ya zama mai kyauta da asali!
Ranar Mayu ita ce ranar da mata da miji za su iya, ba tare da lamirin lamiri ba, ba wa juna kayan dafa abinci, kayan aikin gida da kayan aiki. Hakanan zaka iya yin kyauta ta alama: misali, ba da tsintsiya tare da koren harbe da aka toka a ciki.
Kuna iya ba abokan ku saiti don hutun bazara: misali, barbecue tare da skewers, kwandon fikinik, bargo mai hana ruwa ko wurin zama tare da laima. Nishaɗi, ƙananan abubuwa masu dacewa kuma sun dace: kite, gungu na farin, shuɗi da ƙwallan ja (tutar Rasha), wasannin jirgi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa dangane da hutun
A tsawon lokaci, tarihin duniya, Ranar Mayu ta sami cikakkun bayanai masu ban sha'awa. Zan lissafa wasu daga cikinsu.
- Bikin farkon bazara ya koma zamanin maguzanci: misali, alamar tsohuwar bikin Celtic Beltane ita ce maypole, a kusa da ita suna rawa da ribbons, kuma wannan yana nuna farkawa ta yanayi;
- An kuma sanya wa watan Mayu kansa sunan aljannar arna Maya, wacce ke da alhakin haihuwa; don faranta mata rai, mutane sun kawo kyaututtuka na karimci kuma suna daga murya da murnar shigowar watan bazara na ƙarshe;
- A lokacin Tarayyar Soviet, da yawa sunayen da ba a saba gani ba tare da yanke hukuncin "kwaminisanci": Vladlen - Vladimir Lenin, Staliv - Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich, akwai kuma sunan Dazdraperma - "Ran Mayu ya daɗe".
Idan babu manyan tsare-tsare, kuma ba zaku tafi zanga-zanga ko fikinik ba, kuna iya biyan haraji ga al'adu da manufofin zamanin Soviet kuma ku kalli tarihin bidiyo na zanga-zangar farko, saurari waƙoƙin da aka taɓa yin su a wannan ranar bazara mai ban sha'awa, ko ku saba da fina-finan zamanin Soviet.
Haka ne, Ranar Mayu muhimmiyar rana ce da hutu ga kowane mazaunin duniya. 1 ga Mayu ba kawai ranar hutu ba ce, rana ce da ke da dumbin tarihi da al'adu masu ban mamaki. Ranar 1 ga Mayu alama ce ta 'yanci, daidaito da' yan uwantaka. Kuma duk wani mutum mai mutunta kansa da dan kasa lallai ne ya san kadan game da wannan hutun.