Bayani da kaddarorin amfani na begonia Fista. Tukwicin shuki da kulawa, hoton fure

Begonia tsire-tsire ne na musamman. Ana iya kiran shi duka leafy na ado da furanni na ado. Koda mafi kyawun kayan lambu zai iya samun wanda ya dace daga cikin manyan palette na iri. Daga cikin wannan nau'in, zaku iya samun shuke-shuke na ganye, da shuke-shuken shuke-shuke.

Begonia ba kawai kyakkyawa bane, amma kuma yana da amfani. Na farko, yana ƙara rigakafin duk wanda ke zaune a kusa. Abu na biyu, yana dawo da aiki kuma yana kawar da jin gajiya. Abu na uku, yana magance tashin hankali.

Tarihin asali

Jinsi na Begonia yana da kusan nau'ikan 1400, wanda za'a iya samu a yankuna masu zafi da kuma yankuna masu zafi, kuma musamman a cikin gandun daji na Kudancin Amurka, yankuna na Asiya, Madagascar, China da Sri Lanka. Wadannan furanni sanannu ne a duk duniya. Ana kiran su ne da sunan Bafaranshe Michel Begon, wanda ya zama mai tsarawa da kuma daukar nauyin balaguro zuwa Antilles.

Daya daga cikin mambobin balaguron Charles Plumier ya bayyana dalla-dalla tsiron da aka samo. A cikin karni na 18, an kawo Begonia zuwa yankin Turai. A tsawon lokaci, da yawa da yawa ire-irensu suka zo Turai, waɗanda masu kiwo suka fara sha'awarta. Kuma tuni a cikin karni na 19, yawancin ire-iren tsire-tsire da aka kirkira suka bayyana.

A rukunin yanar gizon mu zaka samu labarai da dama wadanda suke bada cikakkun bayanai da shawarwari domin bunkasa, hayayyafa da kuma kula da irin wadannan tsirrai: Metallic, Mason, Rex, Bolivian, Griffith, Griffin, Sizolistnaya, Coral, Elatior, Barshevikolistnaya.

Bayanin tsirrai

Begonia Fista tana da kitse, ganyayyaki masu zagaye, wadanda suma girman su girma ne, tsayi zuwa 15 cm a tsayi kuma zuwa fadin 12 cm.

Mai tushe gajere ne, amma na jiki ne kuma masu ƙarfi, koren launi mai launi. Ya yi fure a ƙananan ƙananan launuka masu ruwan hoda, amma Fista tana da daraja don ƙirar ganye na musamman. Tushen tsarin wannan fure yana da ƙarfi kuma yana haɓaka cikin sauri.

Bayyanar gida

Ganye a waje suna da launi mai haske na tagulla, kuma a ciki suna samun jan launi (saboda wannan, Fistu galibi ana kiransa jan-leda). Begonia koyaushe tana girma cikin daji mai daushin gaske. Amma yana girma sosai. Saboda irin waɗannan kaddarorin, furen yana da kyau a cikin ƙaramin tukunya a kan mazauni.

Hoto

Haɗu da fure a cikin hoton.

Bukatun saukowa

Yakamata a dasa matashiya sau daya a shekara (yana da kyau ayi hakan a bazara, amma kuma ana iya yin sa bayan fure idan wadannan kwanukan basu dace ba). Ana dasa bishiyar manya da suka balaga bayan saiwar ta cika duka tukunyar filawar (wannan yana faruwa kusan kowace shekara 3-4).

Abubuwan da aka ba da shawarar ƙasa: yashi, peat, humus, ganye da kuma turf ƙasa. Ya kamata ku sami sako-sako da iska mai numfashi. An zaɓi tukunyar ƙasa, amma faɗi, ba a rufe kwanten duka da ƙasa, amma suna yin hakan yayin da rhizomes suke girma.

Wajibi ne don aiwatar da aikin dashewa washegari bayan shayarwa. A wannan yanayin, kar a manta don yantar da asalin daga tsohuwar ƙasa kuma sanya su a cikin wani bayani mai rauni na potassium permanganate don hana cututtukan fungal. Tsaftace tushen ƙwallo daga tsofaffi da tushen cuta, kuma yayyafa abin yanke da gawayi.

Lura cewa a cikin kwanaki 30 na farko bayan "motsawa" zuwa sabon tukunya, begonia na buƙatar kulawa ta musamman. Shayar da fure a cikin watan farko ya zama kowane kwanaki 5-6, kuma an fesa shi kwata-kwata. Kare shukar da aka dasa daga hasken rana kai tsaye.

Wasu daga cikin masu lambun sun bada shawarar cire tukunyar filawar a wani wuri mai inuwa ba tare da zane ba na wasu 'yan kwanaki, to, ba shakka, mayar da ita asalin sa. Bayan kwana 30, zai zama dole a sha ruwa lokacin da saman saman duniya ya bushe. Tunda za'a tara kasar a kowane lokaci, kar a manta an cika ta har zuwa matakin da ake so.

Masana sun ba da shawara a datsa Fista kadan bayan dasawa don rage yankin ƙarancin ruwa da ba da siffar bushy.

Kulawa

Mun riga mun rubuta a sama cewa kuna buƙatar shayar da mu'ujizar ja-leda sau ɗaya a mako. Amma bari mu fayyace cewa wannan nau'ikan ban ruwa ya dace da lokacin bazara, yayin da lokacin sanyi ya isa wadatar da ƙasa a kowane kwanaki 10-14. Yi ƙoƙarin kiyaye ruwa daga ganye kai tsaye.

Shuka yana buƙatar ɗimbin iska mai ƙarfi duk shekara zagaye. Don kiyaye wannan yanayin, sau da yawa fesa iska a kusa da tukunyar ko sanya kwandon ruwa kusa da shi. A lokacin bazara, yanayin zafin iska ya kamata ya canza tsakanin digiri 20-22 sama da sifili. A lokacin sanyi, wannan adadi na iya raguwa zuwa digiri 16 a ma'aunin Celsius. Amma kar a bar iska ta dumama da ƙasa da digiri 15, wannan zai lalata furen.

Begonia tana buƙatar wuri mai haske; Yaɗuwa maimakon hasken rana kai tsaye shine mafi kyau. Tunda suna iya kona ganyen kuma su hana su haske da koshi. Amma koda tare da rashin haske, ganyayyaki sun fara kaɗewa. Idan ba za ku iya samun haske mai kyau ba, yi amfani da haske na wucin gadi.

Fistu yana buƙatar ciyarwa sau ɗaya a kowane mako biyu, da kuma lokacin sanyi sau ɗaya a wata. Amma yayin fure da ci gaban aiki, kara yawan abinci masu yawa har sau 3-4 a wata.

Saboda wannan, ana amfani da takin mai magani mai rikitarwa, wanda aka tsarma shi da ruwa a zazzabin ɗakin. Kayan kaji ma sun dace da ciyarwa (ana narkar da 500 g cikin lita 12 na ruwa). Hakanan zai takin ruɓaɓɓen taki (500 a kowace lita 5 na ruwa).

Yana da kyau kada a yi amfani da takin mai magani nitrogen: ganye zai yi kiba, kuma furanni zai ragu ko ya tsaya kwata-kwata. Lambu sun ba da shawarar sare bawon ayaba, bawon citrus, bawon albasa, toka, ganyen shayi da ƙara waɗannan abubuwan a cikin ƙasa.

A lokacin baccin, ba lallai ne ayi amfani da takin mai magani ba, kuma yakamata a sha ruwa sosai.idan Fista ta zubar da ganyenta a wannan lokacin, kada ku damu, amma kawai yanke saman furen.

Ba zai zama mai wuce gona da iri ba a ce Begonia ba ta yarda da kayayyakin lalata gas. Saboda haka, yana da kyau kada a sanya shi a cikin ɗakin girki. Ganyen wannan tsire-tsire yana da rauni, don haka kuna buƙatar yin taka tsan-tsan yayin da kuke zirga-zirga.

Cututtuka da kwari

• Maganin fure. Wannan cuta ce ta fungal wacce take bayyana lokacinda sandaro ya samu cikin rhizome. Farin furanni ya lullube ganye da tushe, yayin da ganyen suka rasa surarsu suka bushe, buds ɗin suna girma, amma basa buɗewa. Don magance wannan cutar, shigar da iska da kyau, kula da hasken ciki. Kuma kar ku manta da takin tsire-tsire, kuma ku bincika maƙwabta na Begonias, naman gwari na iya wucewa daga gare su.
• Grey rot (wasu kira ƙone monilial). Wannan cutar ta fi wacce ta gabata muni. Tabbas, tare da irin wannan cutar ta fungal, duk sassan Begonia suna wahala, wanda ke cike da mutuwarsa. Anan yana da mahimmanci a lura da matsalar cikin lokaci kuma a cire wuraren da abin ya shafa domin hana ruɓaɓɓen yaɗuwa. Kula da sauran sassan lafiya tare da ruwa 1% na Bordeaux. Matsakaici tsakanin hanyoyin hana yaduwar cutar ya kamata ya zama wata daya.
• Baya ga sulfur, tushen ruɓe na iya kai hari. Alamun cin kashinta launin ruwan kasa ne ko kuma burgundy. Idan ba a gano wannan cikin lokaci ba, cutar za ta bazu zuwa mai tushe. Hanyar hanyar gwagwarmaya ita ce kawar da tushen ruɓewa. Ana iya kaucewa wannan matsalar ta hanyar shimfida kyakkyawan ruɓaɓɓen magudanan ruwa a cikin tukunyar.
• Saboda ƙura da datti, mealybugs na iya bayyana akan sinus ɗin ganye. Yin rigakafin bayyanarsa zai sa fure ta kasance mai tsabta.
• Idan ganyayyaki ba su cika da launuka masu haske, wannan yana nuna ƙarancin haske. Kuma duhun tukwanen ganyayyaki suna nuna ƙarancin danshi a cikin iska ko ƙasa. Idan baku shayar da ruwa da haske ba, Begonia kawai zata zubar da ganyenta kafin lokacin bacci.
• Karin kwari na karshe akan jerinmu zasu kasance masu son aduwa da gizo-gizo. A matakin farko na rauni, zaku iya jimre wa maganin sabulu na yau da kullun. Idan halin da ake ciki ya samu gagarumar ƙarfi, zai zama dole a adana tsire-tsire tare da maganin fungicide.

Sake haifuwa

Fista ta hayayyafa ta hanyoyi biyu: yanka da ganye. Lokacin mafi dacewa don haifuwa shine farkon bazara, a lokacinne tsire-tsire ke fitowa daga dormancy.

Matakan yankewa:

1. Yanke wani tsari wanda yakai 6-9 cm tsayi kuma ka saukeshi ta wata hanyar da zata inganta rooting mafi kyau, ko kuma kawai a cikin ruwa, amma sai tsarin samuwar zai zama dan kadan a hankali.
2. Bayan bayyanar asalinsu na farko, an dasa yankan a tukunya, wanda diamitarsa ​​bai wuce 10 cm ba, tare da ƙasa mai yashi-peat. Kar a manta da layin lambatu!
3. Rufe shi da murfin gilashi ko murfin filastik, sanya itacen tsiro a wuri mai haske ba tare da hasken rana kai tsaye ba.
4. Makonni biyu bayan haka, a karo na farko ana ciyar dasu tare da hadadden ma'adinai, kuma bayan kwanaki 30 sai suka cire tulu suka shayar da furen sosai.

Amfani da ganye yana da kusan jerin masu zuwa:

1. Ana yanke takardar da aka yanka tare da jijiyoyin da ake iya gani sosai a ciki, bayan haka an shimfiɗa shi a kan ƙasa da aka shirya. Don matattarar yanayin ganye zuwa ƙasa, ana matse shi da ƙananan duwatsu.
2. Ana sanya akwati tare da ƙasa a wuri mai dumi. A hankali, saiwoyi sun bayyana a wuraren da aka sassaka, ƙananan seedlingsan tsirrai suna bayyana a saman ɓangaren ganye.

Abubuwa masu amfani

Ruwan ruwan wannan tsiro yana taimakawa wajen warkar da rauni, ƙonewa, marurai, da kuma cizon maciji. Don samun ruwan 'ya'yan itace, dole ne ganye:

1. Yanke, kurkura, bushe da niƙa a cikin abun ciki.
2. Matsi ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga sakamakon da aka samu sannan a matse shi.
3. Tsarma 1: 1 da ruwa.

Maganin yana riƙe da kaddarorinsa fiye da kwana uku idan an ajiye su a cikin firiji. Dumi a cikin wanka mai ruwa kafin amfani.

Tincture na ruwan 'ya'yan Fista yana taimakawa tare da ulcers na gastrointestinal tract, cutar huhu, wanda ke dauke da hemoptysis:

1. Sanya ruwan 'ya'yan itace da aka samo ta wata sananniyar hanya a cikin jirgin ruwa mai duhu sai a tsarma tare da giyar ethyl a cikin wani rabo na 1: 1 sannan a barshi ya yi tsawon sati 2, yayin girgiza shi lokaci zuwa lokaci.
2. Bayan kwana 14, a tace tincture.
3. Itauke shi 15-20 saukad da 20 ml na ruwan zãfi sau 3 a rana rabin sa'a kafin cin abinci.

Tsawan lokacin kwas ɗin wata ɗaya ne. Bayan bada kwana 30 na hutawa, bayan haka za'a iya maimaita karatun. Ana amfani dashi azaman damfara don ciwo a cikin tsokoki da haɗin gwiwa.

Kalli bidiyon: Pruning and repotting cane Begonia (Yuni 2024).