"Itacen kwalba" - jatropha: hoto, bayanin jinsuna, shawarwari don kula da gida
Kyakkyawan kyakkyawa mai ƙarancin rayuwa jatropha tsire-tsire ne mai ban sha'awa. Yana kawata wuraren zama kuma yana gabatar da laima na kananan furanni masu kyawun gaske. Wani suna don shuka, kwalba ko itacen murjani, ana ba shi saboda ƙwanƙollen kara, kama da kamannin kwalban.
Daga wannan labarin, zaku iya samun bayanai game da shahararrun nau'in tsirrai, ku kalli hotunansu, kuyi koyi game da haifuwa, fure, haɗarin da wannan fallasa ya bayyana (cututtuka da kwari).
Menene?
Jatropha na dangin euphorbia ne... Sunan ya fito ne daga "Jartys" da "tropha", wanda ma'anarsa ke nufin abinci mai magani. Gangar shukar tana kama da kwalba; idan ta lalace, takan fitar da ruwan madara mai guba. Dogaro da iri-iri, jatropha shrub ne, itace ko ganye mai ɗorewa. Habitat wurare masu zafi Afirka da Amurka.
A cikin hunturu, duk ganye suna faɗuwa daga tushe, suna sabuntawa a cikin bazara tare da ƙananan furanni waɗanda aka tattara a cikin laima. Manya-ganye masu fadi a kan yankuna masu tsayi suna bayyana bayan launi, sun kai tsayin cm 20. Anyi shuka a cikin lambuna masu tsire-tsire ko kuma wuraren kiwo, kuma wannan nau'in yana da tsada ga tukunyar fure a gida, saboda haka ba mazauni ne mai yawa a cikin gidaje ba.
Shahararrun nau'in, bayanin su da hotunansu
Yawancin nau'ikan jatropha sun haɗu akan nau'ikan 170, waɗanda biyu kawai ake amfani dasu don dalilai na ado a cikin yanayin cikin gida. Ruwan madara yana ɓoye ne kawai daga tushe, kodayake duk sassan tsire-tsire masu guba ne. Kamar bonsai, waɗannan tsire-tsire suna jawo hankali ga kansu a cikin kowane ɗaki.
Spicata (jijin spicata)
Tsirrai shuki ne mai ɗan bushewa mai tsiro-tsire mai ƙarancin itace mai ɗumbin itacehakan ya ci gaba har tsawon shekaru. Rassan sun kai 0.5-2 m a tsayi, suna girma daga matsewar kusan, kusan tubus na tushe. Wani lokaci ana girbe shukar daga cikin daji don amfanin gida. A cikin muhallin ta na asali, ana samun sa a Afirka: Somalia, Kenya, Tanzania, Angola, Zimbabwe, arewacin yankin na Afirka. Tsarin yana yaduwa ta hanyar tsaba.
Multifida
An samo shi a cikin siffar bishiyar bishiyoyi tare da sako-sako da, shimfiɗa kambi ko shrub, yana iya yin girma har zuwa mita 6 a tsayi kuma tare da abun ciki na ado - har zuwa mita 2-3. An dasa shi ne don samun mai da shirya haɗuwa daga gare shi.
Ya samo asali ne daga Tsohuwar Duniya, inda aka yi amfani da ita azaman shinge. Ja inflorescence yana cikin babban buƙata tsakanin masu sayan furanni don kyawawan kyawawan abubuwa. Duk sassan shuka suna da guba. A cikin daji, ya bazu a cikin Caribbean: Trinidad a Cuba, a Kudancin Amurka - Mexico.
Shuke-shuke yana son cikakken hasken rana ko inuwa a cikin ƙasa mai daƙiƙƙu... Matsakaicin haƙuri mai haƙuri. Jatropha multifrida yana samar da furanni a duk shekara, musamman a yanayin zafi.
Curcas (jatropha curcas)
Wani nau'in na musamman ba safai ake samun sa ba - jatropha kurkas; masu shuka suna kiran goron Barbados. Tsirrai mai dauke da akwati mai iko har zuwa 4 m a tsayi kuma cike yake da diga-danshi tare da nuna ganyen oval na launin kore mai haske, wanda girman sa zai iya zama 6 cm ko ma 40 cm a diamita daya shuka. Ba kamar jinsunan da suka gabata ba, kurkas suna yin furanni tare da laima mata masu launin rawaya da furanni maza guda.
Magana! Tsoffin samfuran suna da girma sosai, kamar sanannen itacen tsatsa daga Chigodore a Mozambique wanda tsayinsa ya wuce 6 m.
Itace mai ma'ana mai yawa tare da kewayon fa'idodi da yawa, wanda aka noma a cikin yankuna masu zafi azaman abinci, tsire-tsire na magani, shinge, man shuke-shuke, da man iri. Cutar ta kwari. Ana zubar da ganye a lokutan bushewa. Duk sassan shuka suna da guba sosai.
Wajibi
Mafi shahararren wakilin shine gouty jatropha, ko gout.... Ya yi kama da karafa mai tsayin santimita 70 mai siffar kwalba, an ɗora ta a saman a cikin zina tare da yankan santimita 20, waɗanda aka haɗe da faranti ɗin ganye kusan a tsakiyar. Siffar ganyen yana zagaye kuma ya kai 20 cm a diamita, kwatankwacin tsarin ganyayen ɓaure
Launin ganye ya canza tare da shekaru: daga haske mai duhu mai duhu mai haske zuwa inuwa mai haske da haske. Sautin duhu na farko ya dawo cikin ganyayyaki lokacin da ya isa girman girman. Partananan ɓangaren ganye da ƙuƙwalwa daga ƙananan gefen an rufe su da furannin shuɗi mai haske.
Powerfulwaro mai ƙarfi na furanni yana girma daga tsakiyar ci gaban ganye. Furannin suna juya murjani ja yayin da sandunan suka girma zuwa tsayinsu. A matsayinka na ƙa'ida, fure maras kamshi tana kama da tauraruwa mai faɗin diamita 1 cm. Wakilan maza suna yin fure don yini ɗaya kawai, kuma wakilan mata suna yin fure na makonni 2-4, lokaci-lokaci ana sauya su sababbi. Saboda sakin fruita fruitan itace, lokacin fure zai iya kaiwa watanni 6.
Abubuwan kulawa
Shuke yana buƙatar kulawa kaɗan daga mai tsirar. A cikin yanayin sanyi, kuna buƙatar kula da lokacin hutawa: adana a zazzabi da bai ƙasa da 16 ° C. Ccananan yara masu buƙatar sake shuka kowace bazara, yayin da za'a iya ajiye manya a cikin tukunya ɗaya har zuwa shekaru uku. Ana yin dashen kafin farkon lokacin girma.
Don ƙasa, peat ƙasa tare da perlite ko cakuda ƙasa don cacti ya dace... Takin jatropha da takin gargajiya iri ɗaya waɗanda suka dace da cacti, tsananin lokacin girma.
Ya kamata a yi ruwa da kaɗan-kaɗan a lokacin bazara da bazara, iyakantacce - a cikin kaka, a daina dakatar da danshi har zuwa ƙarshen hunturu.
Duk-baki
Itace mai matukar kyau tare da yada rassa wanda baya dakatar da furanni tare da furannin murjani, 1-1.5 cm a diamita. Shuka mai jure inuwa ce kuma mai jure fari... A waje, wannan ƙaramar bishiya ce ko bishiyar yaduwa tare da rassa na bakin ciki, wanda a yanayi bai wuce 3 m ba.
Ganyayyaki suna da girma, shuke-shuke masu ganye, furanni ƙanana ne - 1-1.5 cm a diamita, murjani mai haske ja ko ruwan hoda, amma yana bayyana koyaushe cikin adadi da yawa cikin shekara. Za a iya girma a cikin gida - tsire-tsire zai zama ƙarami sosai.
Berlandieri
Shuke-shuke itaciyar itaciya ce tare da kambin sarauta. Yawanci ana shuka shi don caudex. Ana zubar da ganyaye a cikin yanayi kuma furanni tare da ƙananan furanni masu launuka. A lokacin rani, da yawa splong spines tare da ja furanni a kan short pedicels girma a kan zagaye caudex ko kumbura kara. Berriesaƙasasshen wake-wake iri-iri ana ɗaura daga gare su. Wakilai mafi tsayi sun kai 15 cm a tsayi. Yawan zafin jiki dole ne ya zama aƙalla 10 ° C.
Kulawa da furanni a gida
Haske da wuri
Shuka tana girma da kyau a wurare masu haske da haske, yana buƙatar inuwa. Hasken rana kai tsaye zai iya ƙone ganye. Zai fi kyau sanya jatrophes na ado a cikin tukwane a kan windows windows na yamma da gabas.... Idan succulent ya kasance cikin rashin isasshen haske na dogon lokaci, to ya kamata a koya masa haske a hankali.
Zazzabi
Tsarin zafin jiki mafi kyau don jatropha ana ɗaukarsa shine + 18 + + 22 ° С a lokacin rani kuma + 14 + + 16 ° days a kwanakin hunturu. A cikin zafin jiki na ɗaki, ana kula da shuke-shuke sosai.
Zafi
Ganye yana da tsayayya ga ƙarancin ƙanshi a cikin iska. Babu buƙatar ƙarin spraying. Amma tsabtace tsabtace zanen gado daga ƙurar jatroph zai zama da amfani.
Shayarwa
Shayar da tsire-tsire tare da ruwa mai laushi a daidaitacce. Ana yin shayar lokacin da saman Layer din ya bushe... Shuke-shuke na iya mutuwa saboda ruɓewar tushen tsarin tare da yawan ban ruwa. Shan jatropha a cikin hunturu ya kamata a iyakance shi, a daina tsayawa gaba ɗaya bayan shukar ta faɗi ganye.
Kasar gona
Soilasa mafi kyau don shuka ana ɗaukarta a matsayin cakuda magudanar turf, peat, yashi, humus leaf da ƙasa a cikin rabo na 1: 1: 1: 2.
Takin abinci da abinci
Ya kamata a yi amfani da takin mai magani kowane wata ga ƙasa a lokacin rani da bazara, a lokacin sanyi ya kamata a jefar da shi. Cactus takin zamani yana dauke da kyakkyawan takin zamani. Kuna iya siyan su a shagunan filawa.
Canja wurin
An dasa Jatropha sau ɗaya a fewan shekaru a cikin bazara... Zaba tukwane masu fadi da mara zurfi. Yana da mahimmanci don samar da shuka da kyakkyawan tsarin magudanan ruwa don kada a sami tsayayyen ruwa.
Sake haifuwa
Sake bugun jatropha ana aiwatar dashi ne ta hanyar tsaba ko girma daga cutan da aka yiwa rauni.
Tsaba
An sayi tsaba daga shagon fure ko girma da kansa tare da tsire mai girma. Don zaɓin na biyu, zaku buƙaci goga da sauƙin magudi na canzawa furen fure daga samarin rawaya zuwa furannin mata. Ya kamata a yi pollination a farkon zamanin bayyanar furannin namiji. An jefa tsaba 'cikakke a kan nesa mai yawa (har zuwa 1 m), saboda haka yana da daraja a ɗaure kwalaye da gauze.
Tsarin shuki ya ƙunshi matakai masu zuwa:
- An zaɓi akwati ko tukunya don tsire-tsire.
- Ana shirya ƙasa: cakuda a cikin rabo na 1: 1: 1: 2 na turf, peat, yashi, humus na ganye da ƙasa.
- Ana shuka tsaba a cikin ramuka masu zurfi, an rufe su da gilashin gilashi.
- Lokacin yaɗuwa yana ɗaukar makonni 1-2.
- Da zaran 'ya'yan itacen sun tsiro, ana dasa su a cikin wata karamar tukunya mai fadi.
- Tsire-tsire suna girma cikin 'yan watanni.
- A yayin ci gaba, gangar jikin ta yi kauri, da farko ganyen ya zama zagaye tare da lokaci, raƙumi. Furen farko da ganyen lobed sun bayyana shekara mai zuwa.
Yankan
Don yaduwa ta wannan hanyar, an zaɓi yankan layi kaɗan ko waɗanda aka zaba. Tsarin kiwo ya ragu zuwa matakai masu zuwa:
- Abubuwan da aka tattara sun bushe.
- Ana yin jiyya tare da heteroauxin ko wani magani don ƙarfafa ci gaba.
- An zabi karamar tukunya mai fadi.
- Cakuda ƙasa daga ƙasa, yashi da humus an shirya su a cikin rabo 1: 1: 1.
- Ana sanya yanka da aka shirya don dasa a cikin ƙasa kuma a shayar da shi da sauƙi.
- Bayar da tsarin zazzabi na 30-32 ° C.
- Wata daya bayan haka, yankan ya samu saiwa kuma ya yi saiwa.
Bloom
Shuka ta fara yin fure daga Maris. Yawancin lokaci waɗannan ƙananan furanni ne na siffofi daban-daban, guda ɗaya ko aka tattara a cikin laima. Bayyanin yara suna faruwa kafin ci gaban ganye bayan fitowar hunturu. Idan ana ajiye shuka a cikin yanayi mai kyau kuma ana kula da shi sosai, zai iya samar da furanni a duk shekara. Yawan fure - kowace shekara.
Hankali! Idan tsiron bai samar da furanni ba ko kuma ya daina fure, ya kamata ku duba matakin haske da wurin da jatropha yake.
Waɗannan shuke-shuke ne masu son haske waɗanda suke fure lokacin da aka lura da yanayin zafin jiki da haske. Idan jatropha ya daina furewa cikin haske mara kyau, kuna buƙatar canza wuri a cikin gidan. Tana jin dadi sosai a kan windows windows da gabas.
Idan tsiron yayi sanyi, ba zai iya dakatar da furanni ba kawai, amma zai so... Ya kamata a daidaita shi da zafin jiki na tsawon kwanaki. Lokacin adana jatropha a cikin yanayin gajimare, ya kamata a koya masa haske a hankali don kauce wa kunar rana a jiki.
Cututtuka da kwari
Kamar kowane tsire-tsire na cikin gida, jatropha na iya wahala daga cututtuka daban-daban ko kwari, mafi yawan abubuwan sune:
Ganyen tsire-tsire suna bushewa idan suka yi amfani da su don ban ruwa tare da ruwan sanyi, saboda wannan yana da ƙimar ɗan dumi shi.
- Idan ciyarwa da yawa, jatropha na iya rage saurin girma, ya kamata ki jika ƙasa kafin takin kuma yi shi a cikin matsakaici.
- Rashin shan fure tare da ɗanɗano yana haifar da faɗuwarsu da nakasawa. Don magani, yi amfani da ruwan dumi domin kurkura shukar kuma a magance shi da maganin kashe kwari.
- Lokacin da gizo-gizo ya kawo maka hari, ana lura da rawaya da faduwar ganyen jatropha. Fesa shuka da ruwan dumi a matakan farko da maganin kwari don raunin da yawa zai taimaka wajen kawar da su.
- Tushen Jatropha yana ruɓewa saboda yawan ruwan sha, wanda zai iya lalata shuka. Ana iya samun ceto ta rage adadin ruwan da ake amfani da shi don ban ruwa.
Kammalawa
Jatropha ana ɗaukar saɓo da sauƙi don kulawa.... Shuka wannan wadataccen abu ne mai yuwuwa hatta ga masu noman novice. Jatrophes na daji na iya kaiwa girman girma - har zuwa mita 6 a tsayi. A cikin wurare masu zafi, ana amfani da tsire-tsire don titunan shimfidar wuri. A cikin magani - ƙirƙirar madadin mai daga mai iri, da dai sauransu. Hedges da aka yi da nau'ikan jatropha suna da kyau da kyau, amma tsire-tsire yana rayuwa ne kawai a cikin yanayin yanayin zafi da ƙasa da ƙasa da 10 ° C.