Tsibirin Spinalonga: mafi kyawun abubuwan ban sha'awa daga tarihi

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Tsibirin Spinalonga karamin yanki ne wanda yake da nisan mil 200 daga gabashin gabar Crete a Girka. Yankin abun shine kilomita 0.085². Tsibirin ba kowa. Yana fuskantar ƙauyen ƙauyen Plaka, wanda ke kusa da kyakkyawar Mirabello Bay. A yau, ziyartar Spinalonga sananne ne sosai a tsakanin masu yawon buɗe ido, kuma da farko dai, abin yana jan hankali tare da tsoffin tsarin gine-ginen - birni mai ɗaukaka na dā, wanda ya sami damar tsira da kyau har zuwa yau. Tsibirin yana da ɗan tarihin nishaɗi, wanda zai zama mai ban sha'awa da amfani don saba da shi kafin ziyartar abun.

Gajeren labari

Gaskiya ta farko mai ban mamaki a tarihin tsibirin Spinalonga ita ce, asalinta. Haƙiƙar ita ce cewa da farko abin ya kasance yanki ne na ofasar Crete kuma ya kasance yankin teku Tsohon garin Olus ya taba yin daukaka a wannan wuri, wanda aka lalata shi baki daya a karni na 4 sakamakon girgizar kasa mai karfin gaske. Ko da a yau, matafiya na iya lura da tsoffin tsoffin tsoffin ƙarni a kan tsaunukan bakin teku. A sakamakon haka, abubuwa sun raba rabe daga yankin Kereta ta wata karamar kogin.

Har zuwa karni na 9, Kiret na mallakar Girkawa ne, amma a shekara ta 824 Larabawa suka kame shi, wanda, amma, ba a ƙaddara su mallake shi na dogon lokaci ba. Tuni a cikin karni na 10, Rumawa suka mamaye tsibirin, inda a cikin girmamawar nasarar da aka samu akan Larabawan da suka addabi Larabawa suka gina Cocin na St. Phocas, wanda har yanzu ana iya gani a cikin Crete. A cikin karni na 13, ikon kan tsibirin ya koma hannun 'yan salibiyya, wadanda daga baya suka sayar da wadannan yankuna ga Jamhuriyar Venetian.

A shekara ta 1526, mutanen Venisia sun yanke shawarar canza Spinalonga daga zirin teku, wanda aka raba shi da babban yankin ta wani bakin ruwa, zuwa tsibiri mai cikakken iko. Kuma a kan kufai da aka bari daga Olus, 'yan Italiyan sun gina sansanin soja da ba za a iya yin biris da shi ba, babban dalilinsu shi ne kare tashar jirgin ruwa ta Elounda daga hare-haren' yan fashin teku. Abu ne sananne daga tarihi cewa mutanen Venetia sun mamaye Crete har zuwa 1669, lokacin da Daular Usmaniyya ta shigo fagen kuma suka kwace tsibirin. Koyaya, Italiyan sun sami damar kiyaye Spinalonga saboda godiya ga katangu masu ƙarfi na sansanin, wanda ƙarshe ya faɗi a kan harin Turkawa a cikin 1715 kawai.

Kusan kusan ƙarni biyu, Daular Ottoman ta mamaye Crete da tsibirin Spinalonga. An bayyana kaifin tarihi a cikin 1898 kawai, lokacin da mazaunan Crete suka yi tawaye da Turkawa a jajibirin yakin Girka da Turkiya don 'yancin kan Girka. Amma Spinalonga ya kasance a hannun Ottoman, waɗanda suka nemi mafaka a cikin ganuwar sansanin soja. Sannan Girkawa sun fara tattara marasa lafiyar kuturta daga ko'ina cikin ƙasar suna aika su zuwa sansanin soja. Firgita don kamuwa da cutar, Turkawan, ba tare da tunani sau biyu ba, sun bar tsibirin.

Don haka, daga farkon ƙarni na 20, wani labari daban daban, mai cike da bala'i, ya fara faruwa a cikin ganuwar sansanin, wanda ya ɗaukaka Spinalonga a matsayin tsibirin tsinannun mutane. Mun yanke shawarar gaya muku ƙarin bayani game da wannan lokacin a cikin sakin layi na daban.

Tsibirin kuturta

Kuturta (ko kuturta) cuta ce mai saurin yaduwa wacce ta fara addabar Turai a Tsakiyar Zamani. Babu maganin cutar a wannan lokacin, kuma hanya daya tilo ta hana yaduwar cutar ita ce ware marassa lafiya. A saboda wannan dalili, an ƙirƙiri wurare na musamman, nesa da birane kamar yadda zai yiwu, ana kiran mulkin mallaka kuturta. A cikin 1903, Helenawa sun zaɓi sansanin soja a tsibirin Spinalonga a matsayin asibitin kutare. Bayan shekaru 10, ba marasa lafiya daga Girka kawai ba, har ma daga ƙasashen Turai an tura su nan don magani.

Spinalonga, zama tsibirin kutare, bai yi wa marasa lafiya alkawarin warkewa ba. Hukumomin Girka ba su mai da hankali sosai ga ci gaban asibitin ba, don haka mazaunanta suka kasance cikin mummunan yanayi cikin tsammanin mutuwa. Amma wannan labarin yana da wuri mai haske, wanda sunan shi Remundakis. Wani matashi dalibi, wanda ya kamu da cutar kuturta, ya isa tsibirin a 1936 kuma, godiya ga nufinsa da imaninsa da ƙarfinsa, ya canza rayuwa a cikin yankin kuturta. Da yake jawo hankalin ƙungiyoyi daban-daban zuwa asibiti, saurayin ya sami damar kafa da haɓaka kayan aikin ginin. Wutar lantarki ta bayyana a tsibirin, an buɗe gidan wasan kwaikwayo da silima, gidan cafe da mai gyaran gashi, kuma an fara taron jama'a da shagulgula. Don haka, bayan lokaci, marasa lafiya suka koma dandano na rayuwa da imanin dawowa.

A tsakiyar karni na 20, masana kimiyya suka yi nasarar gano maganin kuturta, kuma a shekarar 1957 Spinalonga ya bar marassa lafiyarta na karshe. Wadanda suka kasance a matakin da ba za a iya magance cutar ba an sanya su zuwa asibitoci daban-daban na kasar. Wannan shine ƙarshen wani mataki a tarihin tsibirin Spinalonga a cikin Crete. Bayan wannan, karamin yanki ya kasance ba shi da amfani har tsawon shekaru 20. Kuma kawai a ƙarshen karni na 20, a hankali ya fara jan hankalin masu yawon bude ido.

Gano Farashi ko sanya kowane masauki ta amfani da wannan fom

Spinalonga a yau

Haƙiƙa bunƙasa a ziyartar tsibirin Spinalonga a Girka ya ɓarke bayan buga littafin "Tsibirin" (2005) - wanda marubucin Burtaniya Victoria Hislop ya ƙirƙiro. Bayan shekaru 5, an shirya silsila bisa ga almara, wanda kawai ya sa sha'awar matafiya zuwa wurin. A yau Spinalonga sanannen abin jan hankali ne a cikin Crete, wanda aka ziyarta da farko saboda yawo a kusa da sansanin soja na da.

Kuna iya zuwa tsibirin da kanku ta jirgin ruwa ko kuma ɓangare na ƙungiyar yawon shakatawa. Zai fi kyau a fara saninka tare da jan hankali daga Gidan Tarihi na Archaeological, wanda ke gefen hagu na dutsen. Fortayan sansanin yana gaishe da baƙi tare da matakan hawa, ramuka da majami'u. Baya ga kango na tsohon gini, masu yawon bude ido za su iya yaba da ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa daga saman dandalin ginin. Zai zama mai ban sha'awa a zagaya tsibirin a cikin da'irar, a hankali lura da yanayin shimfidar halittar ta. Kuma matafiya waɗanda suka san kansu da tarihin Spinalonga a gaba za su iya yin tunani a baya shekaru da yawa kuma su ji daɗin rayuwar yankin.

Bayan sanin tsibirin, kowa yana da damar yin jinkiri a cikin cafe na gida wanda yake nesa da bakin dutsen. Gidan abincin yana hidiman abincin gargajiya na Cretan tare da salati, nama da nau'ikan ciye-ciye. Hakanan a kudu maso yamma na Spinalonga akwai bakin teku mai ban sha'awa, daga inda yake da ban sha'awa don yaba panoramas na gabashin gabar Kirit.

Lokacin Aiki: Litinin da Talata daga 09:00 zuwa 17:00, daga Laraba zuwa Lahadi daga 08:00 zuwa 19:00.
Ziyarci kudin: 8 €.

Yadda zaka isa tsibirin

Kuna iya zuwa Spinalonga a cikin Krit ta jirgin ruwa daga maki uku daban-daban. Hanya mafi sauri da arha don zuwa tsibirin shine daga ƙauyen kusa da Plaka. Jirgin ruwa yana tashi zuwa jan hankalin kowane minti 15. Kudin tafiya zagaye shine 10 €. Lokacin tafiya bai fi minti 5-7 ba.

Hakanan yana yiwuwa a je tsibirin daga tashar jirgin ruwa na Elounda. A lokacin rani, jiragen ruwa suna gudana kowane minti 30. Tikitin tafiya zagaye yana biyan 20 €. Tafiya tana ɗaukar minti 20, wanda zai ba ku damar jin daɗin tekun har zuwa yadda kuke. Akwai filin ajiye motoci kyauta a Elounda pier, amma galibi ana yawan cunkoson mutane, saboda haka mutane da yawa suna barin motocinsu a filin da aka biya 2 for.

Hakanan zaka iya zuwa abu ta jirgin ruwa daga garin Agios Nikolaos. A cikin babban yanayi, safarar ganye a kowace awa. Za ku biya 24 € don zagaye na zagaye. Tafiya tana ɗaukar mintuna 25.

Kwatanta farashin Masauki ta amfani da wannan Fom din

Amfani masu Amfani

Lokacin tafiya zuwa tsibirin Spinalonga a Girka, tabbatar da bin shawarar daga matafiya waɗanda suka riga sun ziyarci wurin. Bayan nazarin nazarin abubuwan yawon bude ido, mun lura da mafi inganci daga cikin su:

Sanya takalman motsa jiki masu kyau don jan hankalin mutane, koda da zafi. A cikin sansanin soja, duwatsu da yawa sun haɗu da ƙafa, don haka juyawa ko takalmi sam bai dace da balaguro ba.
Ya kamata a tuna cewa a tsibirin ana ganin yanayi koyaushe ya fi shi zafi fiye da gabar Tekun Karita. A lokaci guda, babu kusan inda za'a buya daga rana. Sabili da haka, yana da mahimmanci a damu da allon rana, tabarau, da kayan kwalliya a gaba. Zai fi kyau a ɗauki hular kwano ko kuma gyale, saboda yana da iska sosai a cikin Spinalonga, kuma huluna masu faɗi da faɗi za su haifar da damuwa kawai.

Tabbatar adana ruwan kwalba.
Hanya mafi arha ita ce ziyartar jan hankalin kanku. Kudin balaguro daga hukumomin tafiya daga 40 zuwa 60 nges. A lokaci guda, ƙimar ƙungiyar yawon shakatawa galibi yakan bar abin da ake buƙata. Don yin zaman kansa mai zaman kansa mai ban sha'awa kamar yadda zai yiwu, fahimtar da kanka da tarihin abun a gaba.
Idan kuna shirin yin bincike sosai game da tsibirin Spinalonga, bincika dukkanin kusurwar sansanin kuma ku tsaya a cafe na gida, muna ba da shawarar ku ware aƙalla awanni 3 don balaguron.