Agrotechnics, fasali da nuances na haɓakar Urushalima artichoke a cikin filin buɗe ido a cikin ƙasa, a gida da kasuwanci

Pear na ƙasa wani tsiro ne mai ƙayatarwa wanda yake al'ajabin rashin dacewar shi da yawan aikin sa.

Shuka ta sami sunan "pear earthen" saboda tsayin elongated na tubers. Tubers suna dauke da wani abu na musamman na bitamin da ma'adinai.

Kasarsa ta haihuwa ita ce Arewacin Amurka, inda har yanzu ana samunsa a cikin daji. Pear ta ƙasa ta zo Turai godiya ga matafiyi Samuel de Champlain a farkon karni na 17.

Agrotechnics da kuma siffofin namo na yumbu pear

Urushalima artichoke, ko pear ƙasa, yana da fa'idodi da yawa akan sauran albarkatu. Ana amfani dashi sosai a girki, gyaran ƙasa da magani.

Saboda tsayin daka da abubuwan waje, attajirin Kudus baya bukatar weeds, ciyarwa da hanyoyin kariya.

Bugu da ƙari, Artichoke na Urushalima suna noma ƙasa kuma suna kore ciyawa daga gonar... Ana iya shuka shi a cikin lambu ɗaya tsawon shekaru 30-40 ba tare da cutar ƙasa ba.

Kudin tsaba

Farashin Urushalima artichoke tubers ya kasance daga 25 zuwa 150 rubles a kowace kilogram. Kilogram daya yana dauke da tubers 10-15. Matsakaicin farashin ya barata ta lokacin, yankin da ake aika tubers da adadin da aka umurta.

Umurnin-mataki-mataki: yadda ake kiwo kayan lambu a filin budewa a shafin ko a kasar?

Mai zuwa yana bayanin yadda ake girma pear na ƙasa a fili.

Dasa tsabarsa da tubers

Ana dasa tsaba artichoke na Urushalima a cikin bazara a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin 7-8 cm, da tubers na pear na ƙasa - a cikin bazara zuwa zurfin 6-12 cm ko kafin hunturu zuwa 10-12 cm Lokacin dasa bishiyar Urushalima artichoke ya dogara da nau'ikan da aka zaɓa don namo.

Kulawa

Da zaran farawar farko ta Urushalima artichoke ta bayyana, kuna buƙatar share layin weeds da sassauta su. Dole ne a maimaita hanya sau 3-4 tare da tazarar makonni 2-3. Wajibi ne a fitar da pear na ƙasa a ciyar da shi tare da urea lokacin da tsiron ya kai 15-25 cm a tsayi. Wannan zai ba Urushalima artichoke kyakkyawan tsarin yanayin zafin jiki da mafi girman yanayin iska, wanda zai sami sakamako mai kyau akan ɗanɗano pear ɗin ƙasa.

Shayarwa

Tunda zane-zane na Urushalima tsire-tsire ne masu ban sha'awa, ya kamata a gudanar da shayarwa kawai a cikin watanni masu bushewa a yankunan kudu sau ɗaya a kowace kwana 7-10, ana kashe lita 10-15 na ruwa don jika daji ɗaya. Pear na ƙasa ba ya buƙatar shayarwa a cikin yankuna tare da yanayi mai kyau.

Top miya

Artichoke na Urushalima na iya girma ba tare da hadi ba, amma saman dressing na iya kusan ninka amfanin ƙasa na pear ƙasa. A lokacin bazara, ya kamata a saka takin nitrogen ko potash a cikin ƙasa. Bayan harbe-harben farko na pear na ƙasa ya bayyana, za ku iya takin tsire-tsire tare da jikowar ganyayyun ganyen da aka gauraya da kaskon kaji. A watan Yuli, yana da daraja takin tsire-tsire tare da maganin tsire-tsire ko jiko na taki kore.

Ya kamata a yi amfani da takin mai magani a kowace shekara, da takin gargajiya - sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 2.

Yin tunani

Artichoke na Urushalima na da ikon danne juna, wanda hakan ke shafar yawan amfanin gona. Wajibi ne don rage tsire-tsire na pears na ƙasa, yana hana haɗuwa da yawa... Kuna buƙatar tunani game da wannan matakin kulawa lokacin da tsayin harbe yakai 10 cm.

Matsakaicin yarda tsakanin layukan Urushalima artichoke shine 30-35 cm, kuma tsakanin shuka - 45-50 cm.

Kariya

Lokacin da farin ruɓaɓɓe da fure mai laushi (fure mai farashi a kan mai tushe) ya bayyana a kan artichoke na Urushalima, dole ne a ƙone tsire-tsire da abin ya shafa don kauce wa yada cutar ta cutar zuwa wasu shukokin.

Yankan

Pruning artichoke bushes na Urushalima a farkon watan Agusta yana da fa'ida mai amfani akan yawan aiki. Wajibi ne a yanke furannin artichoke na Urushalima don duk abubuwan gina jiki su tafi ci gaban tushen amfanin gona.

Umarnin mataki zuwa mataki: yadda ake yadawa a gida?

Don shuka pear na ƙasa a gida, dasa shukar a cikin kwalaye na magudana ko manyan kwantena don yaduwar iri da tubers.

Kula da pear na ƙasa a gida ba shi da bambanci da kula da wannan tsiron a filin buɗe ido.

amma Urushalima artichoke a gida yana buƙatar shayarwa akai-akai... Ya kamata a yi shayarwa da safe ko maraice da ruwa a zazzabi na digiri 15.

Girma a matsayin kasuwanci

A Rasha, da yawa manoma suna tunani game da kiwo na Urushalima artichoke don sayarwa, saboda ana amfani da tubar pear na ƙasa a matsayin kayan ɗanɗano don yin abincin yara da na yara, kuma ana yin abincin dabbobi mai inganci daga koren taro. Amfanin tubers na iya kaiwa 40-50 t / ha, kuma yawan amfanin ƙasa na kore - 30 t / ha.

Idan muka yi la'akari da cewa matsakaiciyar farashin Urushalima artichoke tubers ita ce 87.4 rubles a kowace kilogram, kuma matsakaicin farashin koren taro ya kai 1075 rubles a kowace tan, Kudin shiga daga kadada daya na kasar da aka dasa da Urushalima artichoke zai iya kaiwa miliyan 4 rubles.

Tunda zane-zane na Urushalima tsire-tsire ne masu ban sha'awa, farashin abin da yake samarwa, kamar yadda manoma suka yarda, kadan ne. Saya mafi tsada zata zama taraktan T-25 don girbi, wanda yakai dubu 500-600. Idan muka kara akan farashin tarakta kudin dasa kayan, mai da albashi ga ma'aikata, to za'a fitar da adadin 2,250,000, wanda ya ninka kusan riba 2 daga ribar da aka samu daga hekta 1 da aka dasa da Urushalima atamfa.

Rijistar ƙungiyar doka don kasuwanci

Don yin rijistar ƙungiyar doka a cikin Rasha, kuna buƙatar takamaiman takaddun takardu, waɗanda kowane kamfanin lauyoyi a yankinku zai iya shirya shi. Koyaya, akwai bayanai da yawa waɗanda dole ne dan kasuwa ya yanke shawara kafin gabatar da takardu:

1. Rubuta lambobin nau'ikan ayyukan da hukuma ta aiwatar daga cikin kundin adireshin OKVED.
2. Zaɓi nau'ikan mallaka mai dacewa - LLC ko ɗayan ɗan kasuwa.
3. Idan akwai mahalarta da yawa, kuna buƙatar ƙirƙirar yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa, ku bayyana adadin kuɗin da za a saka hannun jari, zaɓi babban darekta.
4. Nemo adireshin doka don yin rijistar mahaɗan doka.

Aikin jiha don rajistar mahaɗan doka ita ce 4000 rubles.

Fasali:

Noman pear ƙasa, ɗayan mafi ƙarancin amfanin gonar noma, yana kawo riba mai yawa ga ɗan kasuwa: farashin haɓaka ƙirar Urushalima ba ta da yawa, ana sa ran farashi mai yawa ne kawai a farkon samarwa, a cikin shekaru masu zuwa ɗan kasuwa zai kashe kuɗi ne kawai saboda rage darajar kayan aiki da albashin ma'aikata.

Matsaloli da ka iya yiwuwa da hanyoyin gyara su

Aya daga cikin kuskuren da aka fi sani a cikin Urushalima narkar da zane-zane, wanda ke haifar da raguwar yawan amfanin ƙasa, shine dasa shuki na pear ƙasa. Ana iya magance wannan matsalar cikin sauƙi ta hanyar rage dasa tsire-tsire waɗanda tuni sun kai tsayin cm 10. Idan ɓawon burodi mai kauri mai kauri ya samu a kan ƙasa, dole ne a kwance shi a hankali.

Duk da cewa pear earthen tsire-tsire ne mai tsire-tsire, kuna buƙatar shayar da shi aƙalla sau ɗaya a wata, kuma yawan amfanin wannan shuka zai karu sosai ta hanyar ciyar da abinci a farkon lokacin bazara da kuma rabin rabi na bazara.

Manoma masu ba da horo sau da yawa suna yin kuskuren yanke ɓangaren iska na Urushalima artichoke a cikin kaka. Wannan kuskure ne, saboda yanki na sama bai kamata a yanke shi har zuwa girbin kansa ba: yana taimakawa wajen tara abubuwan gina jiki a tubers na shuka na shekara mai zuwa.

Cututtuka da kwari

Jerin zane na Urushalima yana da saukin kamuwa da cututtuka da kwari. amma a lokacin rani mai rani ko damina, tsire-tsire yana iya fuskantar rashin lafiya:

• Farar ruba, wanda aka bayyana ta hanyar murfin da aka ji akan mai tushe. Ana buƙatar ƙone daji na artichoke na Urushalima wanda ba shi da lafiya don hana cutar sauran ragowar tsire-tsire.
• Maganin fure, alamar ta kuma alama ce akan mai tushe. Dole ne a ƙone shukar da ba ta da lafiya.
• Alternaria, wanda ganyen yake rufe da ɗigon ruwan kasa mai duhu ya bushe.

Ana iya cutar da artichoke na Urushalima ta:

• slugs;
• beyar;
• beraye;
• jauhari;
• May beetles da kwarkwatarsu.

Magungunan sabulu mai mahimmanci ko jiko na tafarnuwa na iya taimakawa kauce wa wannan matsalar.

Girbi da ajiya

Lokacin da kaka ta zo, kawai ɓangaren zane na Urushalima ya kamata a tono, saboda pear ƙasa ita ce tsire-tsire mai sanyi wanda zai iya jurewa -40.

Tare da digar pear na ƙasa, kuna buƙatar jira har zuwa ƙarshen Oktoba da farkon Nuwamba. Da farko ka tono Urushalima artichoke, ƙananan abubuwan gina jiki zaka samu a ciki.

Duk da irin fa'idar da ba za a iya musantawa ba, pear na ƙasa yana da rashi guda guda mai mahimmanci: 'ya'yan itacen da sauri suna ɓarkewa a yanayin zafin jiki. Abin da ya sa keɓaɓɓun masu noman kayan lambu ke ba da shawarar a adana artichoke na Urushalima ko dai a ɗaki mai ɗumi mai zafi, ko kuma a ƙananan rabo a cikin firiji, ko a tara.

Burta rami ne mara zurfi inda aka binne tushen, ana yin ta da yashi, bambaro ko dusar ƙanƙara.

Bugu da kari, ana iya busar da atishoki na Urushalima kuma a yi amfani da shi ta magani. Kara karantawa game da wannan anan.

Jerin zane-zane na Urushalima sabuwar kalma ce ga mai larurar, amma wannan shukar nan ba da daɗewa ba za ta sami kulawa don rashin fa'ida, juriya da yanayin aiki. Pear na ƙasa ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu amfani da ake buƙata don jariri da abinci mai gina jiki.

Kalli bidiyon: Nuances (Satumba 2024).