Gadar ramin Øresund - mafi ban mamaki a Turai

Babban birnin Denmark da garin Malmö na Sweden sun haɗu da gada mai hawa biyu Øresund. Iyakar jihar tana tafiya daidai a tsakiyarta. Kuma wannan ba labari bane a gare ku idan kun kalli jerin masu binciken "Gadar", wanda ya sanya mu'ujiza ta aikin injiniya alamar kasashen biyu.

Gada tsakanin Copenhagen da Malmo

Wannan tsari na musamman, akan matakan biyu wanda ci gaba da gudana motoci da jiragen kasa ke motsawa, shine mafi tsayi (7.8 km) haɗuwa babbar hanya a cikin Turai, da kuma wani ɓangare na babbar hanyar Turai ta E20. Ofaya daga cikin alfanun gadar shi ne cewa ya taimaka wa Babban Belt ya haɗa kan Turai, Sweden da Scandinavia. Bugu da kari, gadar Øresund Tunnel tana da wuri mai ban mamaki da daukar hoto. Musamman abin ban sha'awa shine yadda kwatsam yake ɓoyewa a ƙarƙashin ruwa.

A Denmark ana kiranta Øresundsbroen, a Sweden - Öresundsbron, amma kamfanin da ya tsara gadar ya nace kan Øresundsbron, daidai ya yi la’akari da wannan zane-zanen gine-ginen wata alama ce ta yanki tare da asalin al’adu iri ɗaya.

GASKIYA: Girman, fadi da tsawon gadar da ke tsakanin Denmark da Sweden, da kuma kayayyakin da za a yi amfani da su, da sauran bayanai an tattauna game da wasu rukunin musamman na kungiyar Øresund. Consungiyar daidaitattun lambobi na Sweden da Danes sun yi aiki a matsayin mai mallaka da ɗan kwangila.

Yadda aka gina gada wacce ta hada Denmark da Sweden

Tunanin hade bakin ruwan Øresund Strait ya karfafa gwiwar injiniyoyi tun daga shekarun 1930, amma ba a samu kudi irin wannan katafaren gini ba. Dole ne a nemo su lokacin da girman aikin jirgin ruwan Sweden-Danish ya kai irin wannan iyakokin har tambayar bayyanar hanyar ƙasa ya zama mai faɗi.

Aiwatar da aikin ya fara ne a 1995 bayan bincike da yawa ya nuna cewa tsibirin Saltholm (tsibirin Sol) da ke tsakiyar mashigar ruwa ba zai iya zama wuri mai ƙarfi ga gadar Øresund ba. Aikin gini da tsarin da zai biyo baya na iya haifar da cutarwar da ba za a iya magance ta ba ga wakilan duniyar tsuntsaye da ke rayuwa a nan. Saboda haka, an yanke shawarar gina tsibiri na wucin gadi, wanda ke da nisan kilomita daya da rabi kudu da Saltholm kuma ya karɓa daga mazaunan D thenemark da sunan ɓarke ​​Peberholm (Tsibirin Peretz).

Kayan gini don halittar tsibirin, tsawan kilomita hudu kuma matsakaicin faɗi na mita dari biyar, gutsuttsura duwatsu ne da duwatsun da aka tono yayin zurfin kasan. Asalin tsibirin da mutum ya kirkira bai hana shi zama yankin kiyayewa ba, wanda masana kimiyya ne kawai ke da damar zuwa. Suna gudanar da gwaje-gwaje a nan, suna tabbatar da cewa rayuwa na iya tashi a yankunan da aka ƙirƙira su ta wucin gadi. Af, gwaje-gwajen sun yi nasara, tunda wasu nau'in tsirrai sun riga sun sami gindin zama a tsibirin, ƙananan beraye sun zauna.

Bangaren gadar da ke tsakanin Sweden da Denmark ya fara ne daga Malmö, ya bi ta Peberholm (kilomita 3.7) kuma ya nitse cikin ramin da ya ƙare a gabashin babban birnin Denmark, kusa da filin jirgin saman Kastrup. Kasancewarsa ne ya zama babban hujja game da gina ramin. Spans da pylons, ba tare da hakan ba motsi na jirgi zai zama ba zai yiwu ba, na iya hana jirgin sama sauka a wannan yankin ci gaba.

GASKIYA: Gadar Øresund, wacce farashinta ya haura biliyan 30 ko kuma fiye da € 4,000,000,000 (farashin 2000), ana sa ran zai biya gaba ɗaya a 2035.

Gadar Malmö-Copenhagen ta fara aiki a tsakiyar 90s. Kuma komai yayi daidai har sai da ma'aikata suka yi tuntuɓe a kan yaƙin Yakin Duniya na Biyu a ƙasan mashin. Cire su lafiya ya ɗauki lokaci da ƙoƙari sosai. Bugu da kari, rashin daidaito a cikin zane-zanen injiniya ya haifar da karkatar da daya daga cikin sassan tsarin. Amma koda wadannan matsalolin basu hana a kammala aikin cikin shekaru 4 ba. Ranar bude gadar a hukumance ita ce 1 ga Yuli, 2000, lokacin da sarakunan da ke mulki a jihohin biyu suka ziyarce ta.

Gano Farashi ko sanya kowane masauki ta amfani da wannan fom

Bayani dalla-dalla da nuances na tsarin gine-gine

Gadar da ke tsakanin Denmark da Sweden, hoton da duk masu yawon buɗe ido ke ƙoƙari su ɗauka, haƙiƙa babban tsari ne:

1. Tsawon saman shine kilomita 7.8.
2. Tsawon ramin karkashin ruwa shine kilomita 4, wanda ya kunshi kilomita 3.5 na ramin karkashin ruwa da kuma kusan mita 300 na mashigai a kowane karshen.
3. Jimlar titin tsakanin jihohin yakai kilomita 15.9. Sauran hanyar suna tafiya tare da Peberholm.
4. Matsakaicin tsayin gada a kan tekun ya kai mita 57. Tsayin ɓangaren ruwan da ke sama a hankali yana ƙaruwa zuwa tsakiya kuma a hankali yana raguwa zuwa Peberholm.

5. Bangaren saman yana da nauyin tan dubu 82.
6. Faɗin gadar ya wuce 20 m.
7. Yawancin gadar an haɗasu a kan ƙasa.
8. A tsakiyar tsakiyar gadar akwai pylons na mita dari biyu, kuma a tsakanin su akwai tazarar kusan mita 500 don tabbatar da zirga-zirgar jiragen ruwa cikin sauki.
9. Sectionsananan sassan simintin ashirin masu nauyin nauyin tan 1,100,000 an saukar da su cikin magudanar da aka haƙa don gina ramin.
10. Ta hanyar ramin da ya hada Peberholm da Kastrup Peninsula a tsibirin Amager, akwai bututu guda biyar, biyu daga ciki na jiragen kasa ne, dayan kuma biyu na motoci, dayan kuma da ya rage da karfi.

Idan ga mazaunan Sweden da Denmark gadar Øresund da ramin da ke ƙarƙashin ruwa sun riga sun zama gama gari, to matafiya suna da abin da za su yi mamaki. Tuni kan hanyar zuwa tashar jirgin saman Copenhagen, hoto mai ban mamaki zai buɗe a gabanka: wata babbar gada da jiragen ƙasa da motoci ba zato ba tsammani "narke" a cikin ruwa. Wannan "dabarar" ta sa ba za'a manta da mutumin da bai shirya ba.

Zauna cikin mota yana tafiya a ƙetaren Bridge, zaka yi mamakin girmansa. Da alama ba shi da iyaka, don haka kuna da damar da za ku yaba da tasirin tekun kuma ku ji daɗin tafiya ta cikin ramin.

Kwatanta farashin Masauki ta amfani da wannan Fom din

Bridgeresund Bridge: kudin tafiya da sauran bayanai masu amfani

Kai tsaye bayan buɗe gadar Øresund, tafiye-tafiye a kanta ya yi tsada sosai wanda hakan bai sa ya zama sananne a tsakanin mazauna yankin ba har sai da aka gabatar da tsarin ragi ga kwastomomi na yau da kullun. 'Yan ƙasar Denmark waɗanda suka sayi ɗakuna a Sweden kuma suke zuwa ofis a ƙetaren gadar na iya dogara da rangwamen ban sha'awa. Wannan ya sami kyakkyawan sakamako a ƙasashen biyu, saboda yawan kuɗi a Denmark, kuma zama a Sweden ya fi araha. Mutane da yawa suna raba rayuwarsu tsakanin jihohin biyu kuma suna farin cikin amfani da damar da gadar ta samar musu.

Don saukaka wa kwastomomi a tashar karbar haraji ta gadar rami ta ƙetaren mashigar ruwa, an raba hanyoyin:

1. Yellow don tsabar kudi da masu babura.
2. Wadanda ke koren sune na masu amfani da BroBizz. Na'ura ce daga ƙungiyar masu biyan kuɗin fito a cikin ƙasashen Scandinavia na EasyGo, yana ba ku damar ƙetare wuraren biyan kuɗi 50.
3. Shuɗi - an yi niyyar biyan kuɗi ta katunan biyan kuɗi.

Akwai alamu a kan titin hanya don taimaka maka yin zirga-zirga lokacin zabar hanyar da ta dace.

Kudin gada tsakanin Copenhagen da Malmö shine:

1. Don motoci har zuwa mita 6 - 59 € (440 DKK ko 615 SEK).
2. Don hawa daga mita 6 zuwa 10 ko tare da tirela har zuwa mita 15 - 118 € (879 DKK ko 1230 SEK).
3. Don hawa sama da mita 10 ko tare da tirela sama da mita 15 - 194 € (1445 DKK ko 2023 SEK).
4. Don babura - 30 € (223 DKK ko 312 SEK).
5. Don ƙarin bayani game da kuɗin, da kuma bincika dacewar sa, ziyarci gidan yanar gizon hukuma na hanyar www.oresundsbron.com/en/prices.

Farashin kan shafin don Yuli 2018 ne.

Ga mutane da yawa, waɗannan alkaluman suna da alamun wuce gona da iri, amma sun yi daidai da farashin tafiya a jirgin ruwa, wanda ya kewaya tsakanin ƙasashe kafin a fara aiki da gadar. Kari akan haka, lokacin siyan tikiti akan layi, zaka iya ajiyewa zuwa 6% na adadin da zaka kashe a tashar. Hakanan zaka iya biyan kuɗi zuwa BroPas, wanda ke biyan € 42 a shekara, kuma adana sama da kashi 60% na asalin kuɗin kowane tafiya a ƙetaren gadar.

Don shawo kan gadar Øresund da ramin karkashin ruwa da mota kusan minti 50 ne, kuma ta jirgin ƙasa mai sauri - cikin rabin awa. Lura cewa jirgin yana motsawa akan matakin ƙasa, wanda zai hana ku sha'awar gadar kanta.

Bidiyo: shiri da tuki a ƙetare gada da ke haɗa Denmark da Sweden.

Kalli bidiyon: SARKI ALLAH JALLA NIDAI NATUBA KASIDAR MUTUWA (Satumba 2024).