Mu'ujiza a kan windowsill - ruwan hoda geranium

A karo na farko, karamin rukuni na nau'ikan geraniums masu yawa ya zama sananne a ƙarshen karni na 19, a wancan lokacin masu noman fure sun sami damar samun tsire-tsire masu ban mamaki waɗanda suka yi kama da ƙananan wardi. Shuka ta jawo hankalin mutane da yawa, kuma tun daga wannan lokacin, masu kiwo suke ta aiki tuƙuru don haɓaka sabbin irin geraniums. Wasu nau'ikan wannan rukunin rukuni suna farin ciki da shuke-shukensu a lokacin bazara, wasu suna iya yin fure har zuwa kaka.

Rose geranium yana cikin ƙungiyar zlar pelargoniums. Zuwa yau, yawancin nau'ikan an shayar dasu, waɗanda aka haɗa su ta nau'i biyu na fure. Saboda yawan petal, wannan nau'in yana kama da rosebuds.

Bayanin tsirrai da tarihin asali

Farkon ambaton rukuni an buga shi a cikin labarin a cikin Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society in 1876. Kodayake yana yiwuwa a sami bayanai cewa a cikin 1652 masana ilimin tsirrai sun gano geraniums a rangadin yankin kusa da gabar kudu maso yamma, daga baya, aka dauke su zuwa Turai. Da farko, sun girma a cikin greenhouses a Holland, sannan a Ingila.

An yi imani da cewa fure yana da ikon warkarwa.... Ana amfani dashi azaman anthelmintic kuma magani ga mai zafin ciki da gudawa.

Jinsi na geranium yana da dadadden tarihin asali kuma ba shi yiwuwa a iya tantance asalin mahaifar shuka, sanannen abu ne cewa galibin nau'ikan furannin galibi ana danganta su ne ga Afirka.

Bayyanar

A bayyane, furannin fure-fure (ko, kamar yadda lambu ke kiransa, rosaceous) geranium daidai yake da ƙananan wardi. Suna da launi mai laushi mai laushi da launi mai launi.

Ganyen kanana ne, kore mai haske.

Shahararrun nau'ikan ruwan hoda pelargonium

Shahararrun irin wannan rukunin sun hada da Bornholmpelargon... Fuskokin sa suna kama da bananan ouan fure na wardi. Bornholm tana da jan launi da kuma laushi mai laushi. Thewararru suna narkewa sannu a hankali, amma a nan gaba, ana biyan wannan ta tsawon furanni. Babban banbanci da sauran furannin ja masu launin wannan nau'in shine ganye, an lullubesu da wani tsari wanda yake gani kwatankwacin raga mai kyau. Akwai bayanai kadan kaɗan game da irin wannan geranium.

Wani sanannen sanannen geraniums - RosebudRed, yana jan hankali tare da manya-manyan "wardi" guda biyu na launin ja, tare da karamin girman girman shuka kanta, kyakkyawan tsarin hadewar daji, kusan ba ya bukatar tsari.

Kyakkyawan geranium "Rosita" (PAC Viva Rosita)... Wannan sabon salo ne wanda ya bayyana a shekara ta 2011 kuma an bambanta shi da manyan furanni masu haske, kama da ja wardi.

Wani sanannen nau'in shine sarki geranium.... Asalinsa an kawo shi zuwa Turai a ƙarshen karni na sha takwas daga Afirka ta Kudu. Geranium ya sami tushe ba kawai a cikin lambunan mu ba, har ma a cikin tukunya akan taga. Bushananan daji ne waɗanda ke da duhu masu duhun kore kore.

A gida, yawanci shukar yakan kai tsayin 60-80 cm. Daga cikin wannan nau'in, galibi geraniums ana samun su da furanni biyu, tare da launuka masu ban mamaki, budayensu sun kai girman 20-25 cm .. Launin furanni biyu ya banbanta daga ruwan hoda mai haske zuwa cikakken peach.

Wani fasali na pelargonium na masarauta shine itacen oval mai duhu akan kowane fure.

Hoto

A ƙasa zaku iya ganin hoton geranium mai haske na ja, ruwan hoda da sauran tabarau.
Rariya

Rosita (PAC Viva Rosita)

Bornholmpelargon

Royal geranium

Shuka tukwici

Geranium, yana furewa da wardi, nasa ne na shuke-shuke na yau da kullun, amma a tsakiyar layin yana ƙarƙashin daskarewa.

Haske da wuri

Za'a iya dasa geranium na ruwan hoda ba kawai a cikin lambun ba, har ma a gida.

Babban abu shine cewa tsiron baya cikin wurin da yanayin zafin jikin yake ƙasa da digiri 10. Wannan nau'ikan geranium ya fi dacewa don dasa shi a cikin yankuna masu inuwa ko zaɓi inuwa m. Yanayin zafin jiki na digiri 15 ya fi dacewa don ci gaban shuka da ci gaba.

Bukatun ƙasa

Domin shuka ta ji daɗin furanta a duk tsawon lokacin bazara, ya zama dole a samar da kyawawan halaye don wannan. Pickedauki ƙasa yana ɗauka tare da tsaka-tsakin yanayi kaɗan... Zai fi dacewa don zaɓar ƙasa da aka siya da shagon tare da ph 5.5-6.5. soilasar ya kamata ya zama haske, ya ɗan sassauta, kuma kasancewar peat da yashi a ciki zai sami sakamako mai kyau a kan shuka. A cikin kaka, kar ka manta da tono ƙasa kuma ƙara takin mai ma'adinai da humus.

Kulawar gida

Abin takaici, geranium mai saukin kamuwa da cututtuka da kwari da yawa, mafi mashahuri daga cikinsu sune masu zuwa:

1. Furen fure... Saboda gaskiyar cewa geranium yana da kwalliyar furanni mai laushi, wannan yana sanya bayyanar launin toka a kanta. Don hana mutuwar furen, ya zama dole a cire furen nan da nan da aka rufe da mold, har sai ya kai ga karawar shukar.
2. Edema... Ruwa mai yawa ko ɗimbin zafi yana sa ganyen tsire-tsire su zama kumbura kuma sun kasance mara kyau, tare da fifikon girma a gefen ganyen.
3. Ganyen ganye... Matsalar da tafi kowa yawan tabo na ganyen geranium shine naman gwari da ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda zasu iya haifar da baƙon fata Sau da yawa yakan faru ne saboda raƙuman ruwa na ƙasa. Ingaramar shayarwa da iska mai kyau zasu taimaka warware ko hana matsalar.
4. Slugs da katantanwa... Katantanwa sun lalata shuka ta hanyar ciyar da ganyaye da tushe. Dutse da aka watsa a kusa da furannin da aka dasa na iya adana shukar ka.
5. Tsatsa... Wani takamaiman cuta, galibi na musamman ga geranium, galibi yana sanya tsire cikin haɗari. Idan akwai rauni mai yawa, yana lalata lafiyar shuka da ƙarancin furannin. Tsarin ne mai ruwan kasa-mai rawaya, wanda yafi zama akan bayan ganyayyaki. Don magance tsire-tsire, da farko, ya zama dole a cire sassan geranium da aka riga aka lalace kuma a kula da shuka da maganin tare da kayan gwari.
6. Caterpillars... A lokacin watannin bazara, lokacin da kyankuruwar ke aiki musamman, fesa shuka da maganin kwari mai tsari. Wannan zai adana bayyanar asali kuma ya hana bayyanar daɗin ganyayyen ganyaye.
7. Useswayoyin cuta... Kwayar cutar da ke cutar geranium ita ce curl na ganye, ana canza shi zuwa shuke-shuke da gurɓatacciyar ƙasa. Hanya daya ce kawai ta magance matsalar, duk tsirrai da suka kamu da kwayar dole ne a lalata su.
8. Blackleg... Wannan cutar an sarrafa ta musamman a yankin cuttings da matasa shuke-shuke. Baƙar fata na tushe yana farawa a matakin ƙasa, ganyayyaki sun fara bushewa kuma suna narkewa. Sakamakon yana haifar da mutuwar tsire-tsire. Don kauce wa irin wannan sakamakon, ya zama dole a sa ido kan ƙasa kuma a ɗauki yanki musamman daga iyayen lafiya.

Duk da wannan, ana iya kiran fure mara kyau. Irin wannan nau'in yana da ingantaccen rigakafi, amma har yanzu yana da kyau don hana cutar da zata iya shafan geranium.

Cakuda don ciyar geraniums ya kamata ya ƙunshi rabon 4: 2: 2: 1: 1 (ƙasar turf, peat, humus, yashi mai laushi da perlite).

Shayar da shuka ya fi son matsakaici, amma dole ne a kula don kada ƙasa ta bushe. Yawan shayarwa na iya haifar da ruɓuwa.

Akwai bayanin cewa lokacin shayarwa, ya zama dole a guji samun danshi a kan bishiyar fure, saboda wannan sun rasa kamannuna masu kyau kuma suna iya ruɓewa. A cewar masu lambu, wannan yaudara ce. Kar ka manta cewa tsiron ya mutu daga ƙura, don haka a kowane hali tuntuɓi danshi a kan mai tushe kuma ba za a iya kauce masa ba. Kowa yana son tsire-tsirensa ya zama cike da rayuwa da kuma jin daɗin kyawunta, don haka kar a yarda da yarda da tatsuniyoyin da ba su dace ba waɗanda za su iya lalata ingancin dabbobin gidanka.

A lokacin hunturu, ya kamata a kiyaye geraniums masu ruwan hoda gwargwadon iko daga shayarwa da takin mai magani, kiyaye shi bacci a yanayin zafi daga +10 zuwa +15 digiri. A wannan lokacin na shekara, yana da tsari mai kayatarwa, kwata-kwata babu fure, gaɓoron ba ɗankwali, kuma ganye rawaya ne.

Hanyoyin kiwo

Ba tare da togiya ba, duk geraniums suna hayayyafa ta hanyoyi biyu:

• tsaba;
• yanka.

Mafi kyawun zaɓi shine grafting.... Lokaci mafi kyau don rooting shine farkon bazara ko ƙarshen bazara. An yanke igiyar da aka sassaka daga babban shuka, wanda ya ƙunshi daga 3 zuwa 5 internodes.

Soilasa don yankewa ya kamata ya haɗa da ƙazanta zuwa ƙasa na peat tare da kwakwa da keɓaɓɓen kwakwa da kuma yanayin pH na tsaka tsaki. Kafin dasa shuki, yankan ya kamata ya bushe sosai, yawanci awanni 1-2 sun isa. An dasa yankan a cikin ƙasa, suna zurfafawa cikin ƙasa ta hanyar ɗorawa ɗaya.

A cikin makon farko bayan dasa shuki, shayar da tsire a hankali sosai. Duk wani shayarwa kadan fiye da yadda aka saba zai iya haifar da lalacewa nan take, kuma rashin isasshen ruwa yana haifar da barazanar overdry shuka.

Matsayi mai mahimmanci, a cikin makonni biyu na farko, yankan zai fara samo asalinsu.

Wannan shukar mai ni'ima da tayi fure tare da wardi zai farfado kuma yayi daidai da kowane irin yanayin filin ka na aljannar, tare da farantawa masu shi rai da dadewa na banbancin wasu. Ba duk albarkatun gona suke da wannan tsawon lokacin na furannin su ba, kuma wannan ya riga ya zama babban ƙari, yana turawa zuwa rashin mallakar wannan tsire-tsire iri-iri. Yayi daidai a cikin ɗakin, yayi ado da veranda, terrace da baranda.

Kalli bidiyon: How to take geranium cuttings (Mayu 2024).