Mafi so daga rani mazauna petunia - dasa shuki da kulawa a cikin filin budewa

Petunia na waje tana girma ne ta hanyar masu nunan furanni, suna yin ado da gadaje na filawa, ciyawa da bayan gida tare da shuke-shuke masu daɗi. Ba ta da cikakkiyar fahimta a cikin kulawa, amma kuna buƙatar sanin wasu fasalullan wannan aikin.

Game da waɗannan siffofin ne waɗanda za a tattauna a cikin labarinmu. Za ku koyi yadda ake shuka petunia daidai, yadda za a kula da ita a lokuta daban-daban na shekara, da kuma cututtukan tsire-tsire. Zamu gaya muku yadda ake dasa fure yadda yakamata da yadda za'a hayayyafa. A sha karatu lafiya.

Menene wannan tsiron?

Petunia tsire-tsire ne na yau da kullun a cikin dangin dare. Sau da yawa girma kamar shekara-shekara. Akwai nau'o'in petunias da yawa, waɗanda suka bambanta da juna a launi da siffar furanni. Zai iya kasancewa a cikin launuka masu zuwa: ja, rawaya, fari, cream, shuɗi, shuɗi mai haske, shuɗi da sauran sauran inuwa.

Siffar petunia ita ce:

• ampelous;
• daji;
• cascading.

Bushes na iya zama ƙarami (har zuwa 30 cm), kuma zai iya kaiwa 70 cm.

NASIHA! Petunia dangi ne na taba. Kasar haihuwarta ita ce Kudancin Amurka. An gabatar da shi zuwa Turai a cikin karni na 18.

Fasali na noman waje

Petunia itace tsirar thermophilic. Koyaya, wasu nau'ikan iri da nau'ikan girma zasu iya jurewa saurin sanyi. A matsayinka na mai mulki, a tsakiyar Rasha, an dasa shi a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa a rabi na biyu na Mayu. An ba da izinin dasa shuki na furanni a baya - a ƙarshen Afrilu ko farkon rabin watan Mayu. Petunia a cikin buɗaɗɗiyar ƙasa tana faranta ranta daga tsakiyar lokacin bazara zuwa ƙarshen kaka.

Yadda ake shuka daidai?

Ana iya dasa Petunia a cikin ƙasa tare da tsaba da iri. Zaɓin na biyu shine mafi yawan amfani dashi. A matakan farko, ya fi sauƙi ga mai furar furar ya siyo shukokin da aka shirya.

Don dasa shukokin petunias, dole ne ku zaɓi haske, yanki mara iska. Ta kuma jure wa inuwa sosai. Bayan 'yan kwanaki kafin dasa shuki, kuna buƙatar takin ƙasa tare da humus, kuma kwanaki 3-4 ana ba da shawarar kai shi waje. Saukowa yana faruwa da yamma ko a rana mai dumi.

Nisa tsakanin ramuka ya dogara da iri-iri. Nisa mafi kyau tsakanin su:

• 18 - 20 cm - ƙananan iri;
• 20 - 25 cm - manyan iri;
• 25 - 35 cm - iri iri.

Kafin cire tsire-tsire daga akwati, dole ne ku fara shayar da shi da kyau. An dasa su a cikin rami tare da dunƙulen ƙasa. Soilasa da ke kewaye da dusar ƙanƙanlen ta dushe kuma a shayar da ita sosai da ruwan dumi, kuma a yayyafa masa peat ko humus a kai. Kwanakin farko na farko bayan dasa petunia ya kamata a kiyaye su daga hasken rana kai tsaye.

HANKALI! Ba za ku iya takin gadaje ba kafin dasa petunias da taki sabo, saboda yana iya tsokano cututtukan fungal.

Yadda za a kula da fure?

Kulawa mai kyau ta haɗa da mahimman fannoni masu zuwa:

1. Shayarwa.
2. Ragewa.
3. Top miya.
4. Kirkirar Bush (yin pinching da pruning).

Abubuwan da ke sama na kulawar petunia suna dacewa a kowane lokaci na shekara, amma kowane lokaci yana da halaye irin nasa.

Bazara

• Shayarwa. Bayan dasa shuki, dole ne a shayar da petunia sau ɗaya kowace kwana 1 zuwa 2. Wannan tsarin mulki na tsawon makonni 1.5. A lokacin rani, dole ne a shayar da petunia yayin da ƙasa ta bushe. Yawan ruwa a ranaku masu zafi galibi sau 1 ne a kowace rana. Ana aiwatar da ruwa da yamma, kai tsaye ƙarƙashin tushen shukar.
• Ragewa. Sakin ciyawa na yau da kullun ya zama dole duka don cire ciyawar kuma ta sassauta ƙasa ta kuma cika shi da iskar oxygen.
• Top miya.
  1. Abinci na farko bayan dasa shuki a cikin ƙasa ana aiwatar dashi bayan kwana 10 tare da takin mai magani mai dauke da phosphorus. Takin aikin gona na Agricola, wanda aka tsoma shi cikin ruwa kuma ake shayar dashi (25 g da lita 10 na ruwa), ya dace da wannan.
  2. Abinci na biyu ana aiwatar dashi kusan kwanaki 10 - 15 bayan na farkon.
  3. Abinci na uku ya zama dole a lokacin fitowar toho. Taki "Kemira Lux" (20 g a kowace lita 20-30 na ruwa) ya dace da ita.
  4. Na huɗu da na gaba masu ado ana aiwatar da su tare da takin mai magani, waɗanda ake amfani da su kowane kwana 10, har zuwa watan Agusta. Karanta yadda ake ciyar da petunia don lush da yalwar furanni anan.

Munyi magana dalla-dalla game da kula da tsire-tsire a nan, kuma a cikin wannan labarin za ku koyi abin da za ku yi idan petunia ba ta yi fure ba.

A watan Agusta

Wani muhimmin bangare na kulawar petunia shine yankan itace, wanda aka yi shi a watan Agusta. A wannan lokacin, shukar tana ciyar da kuzari sosai kan samuwar iri. Wajibi ne don cire duk furannin da aka bushe daga daji. Idan harbin petunia ya girma sosai, yayi nauyi, suma suna bukatar a yanke su. Wannan zai ba daji yanayin kyan gani kuma yana da tasiri mai kyau akan yanayin sa na yau da kullun. Za a iya yin yanke tare da almakashi ko ta hanyar cire ƙarancin abin da hannuwanku a hankali.

Abin da za a yi a cikin kaka?

A ƙarshen Agusta - farkon Satumba, dole ne a tona petunia tare da dunƙulen ƙasa da dasa shi a cikin tukwane. Diamita su dole ne ya zama aƙalla cm 15. Dole ne a cire busassun ganye da harbe. Growwararrun masu shuka suna ba da shawarar yanke harbe, suna barin 10-15 cm na tsayinsu.

Ta sanya tukwanen shuke-shuke a cikin daki mai sanyi, kuna buƙatar tanadar musu da kulawa. A lokacin lokacin kaka, tsire-tsire za su yi tushe da kyau kuma za su iya tsira daga hunturu.

A lokacin hunturu

Kulawar hunturu don petunias shine don tabbatar da kyakkyawan yanayin zafin jiki. Yanayin iska a cikin dakin ya zama a + 10 - 12 digiri. Idan ya fi waɗannan alamun, ya zama dole don samar masa da haske har zuwa awanni 12 kowace rana. Wadancan. mafi girman zazzabin, ƙarancin hasken shuka yake buƙata.

Shayar petunia a cikin hunturu ya zama dole kamar yadda ake buƙata. Idan ganyayyaki suka fara fada, wannan alama ce ta aiki.

Da kyar ake yin ado a lokacin hunturu, kamar sau biyu a cikin tsawon lokacin tare da takin mai phosphorus-potassium. A lokaci guda, ana bi da miyar gizo-gizo tare da shirye-shirye na musamman sau da yawa.

MUHIMMANCI! A lokacin hunturu, petunia na iya zama mara ƙarfi da rauni. Amma kar a rage ta. A lokacin bazara, shukar zata sake yin farin ciki da kyan gani.

A lokacin bazara

Kula da petunia a cikin bazara shine shirya shi don yaduwa ta hanyar yankan. Za a tattauna wannan a ƙasa.

Matsaloli da ka iya faruwa da cututtuka

Mafi yawan kwari da cututtuka na petunias sune:

• Aphid Babban alamun bayyanar bayyanar aphids sune lalacewar ganye, wilting. Ana iya bincikar shi ta bayyanar da dew mai sheki. A irin waɗannan halaye, wajibi ne a bi da shuka tare da wakilai na musamman (alal misali, Aktara, Taran, Kemifos).
• Whitefly. Ya bayyana a ƙananan sassan ganye kuma yayi kama da asu. Yana kaiwa ga wilting da yellowing na ganye. Suna kula da farin farin tare da Taran ko Aktara.
• Mizanin gizo-gizo. Ganyen shuke-shuke da abin ya shafa suna haskakawa kuma daga baya sun rufe da ɗigon duhu. Don magance kaska, ana bi da su tare da Demitan ko Apollo.
• Maganin fure. Shuke-shuken da wannan cutar ta shafa an rufe su da farin fure. Sababbin ganye suna ta karkacewa, tsoffin kuma sun fado. Babban dalilin bayyanar naman gwari bai dace ba. Ana kula da shuke-shuke da kayan gwari (Hasashen, Vitaros, Previkur).

Canja wurin

Bayan hunturu, kuna buƙatar kula da dasa petunias daga tukwane, ko kuma, game da haifuwa. Wannan yana buƙatar:

1. Yanke yankan (santimita 10 kowannensu) daga uwar itacen, yayin yanke ganyen na sama a rabi, kuma cire ƙananan.
2. Sanya yankan cikin maganin phytohormone.
3. A cikin kwalaye tare da ƙasa mai laushi ko yashi mai yashi, dasa cutukan zuwa zurfin 3-4 cm da ruwa.
4. Rufe kwantena da gilashi (gilashi) kuma saka su a kan windowsill.
5. Bayan ganyayen farko sun bayyana, yakamata a dasa cutan a kananan tukwane, kuma bayan samuwar ganye 4-6, anyi tsunkule.
6. Bayan kamar wata guda, ana dasa petunias a cikin manyan tukwane, kuma a tsakiyar watan Mayu, a wuri na dindindin, cikin buɗe ƙasa.

Sake haifuwa

Kuna iya yada petunia ta hanyar yankan rani.

1. Daga tsire-tsire mai lafiya, yankan kai tsaye (7 - 10 cm) tare da ganyen gaskiya guda 3 - 4.
2. An dasa itacen a cikin tukwane daban, an shayar dasu an rufe su da kwalba. Wajibi ne don kula da danshi mafi kyau na ƙasa da kuma samun iska na yau da kullun. Yanayin da ya dace na rooting shine 22 - 23 digiri Celsius.
3. Bayan samuwar ganye, anyi pinching, sannan a dasa shi a buɗaɗɗen ƙasa.

Ba za a iya kiran tsarin girma petunias mai sauƙi ba, tunda akwai nuances da matsaloli da yawa a cikin wannan lamarin. Koyaya, tare da madaidaiciyar hanya da bin shawarwarin, wannan yana yiwuwa. Kuma a sa'an nan duk aiki da ƙoƙari zai biya tare da kyawawan furannin petunia.

Kalli bidiyon: Wane daliline yasa kike neman Yar uwarki mace dadin me zakiji idan kin nemeta (Yuni 2024).