Quirky "Tsohon Mutum na Peruvian" - Duk Game da Girma Espooa

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Espostoa ya fita dabam da sauran dangi saboda tufafi mai kauri, mai kauri. Tare da siffofi masu ban mamaki, furen zai kawata kowane gida, zai zama ƙari ga kayan adon kuma zai faranta ran mazauna da baƙi na gidan shekaru da yawa. A cikin wannan labarin, zamu koya game da tarihin cacti daga jinsin Espostoa, game da shahararrun jinsuna da nau'ikan, game da ka'idojin kulawa da cacti, fasalin dasawa, fasalin girma da kiwo a gadon filawa, haifuwa, haka kuma game da nuances na furanni, nau'ikan nau'ikan kayan kwalliya da kuma game da mafi yawan kwari da matsaloli.

Bayanin tsirrai

Espostoa (espostoa) na daga yawancin halittu masu saurin nasara a cikin dangin kakakus... Sunan Latin na murtsunguwa Espostoa Cactus yana ɗauke da laƙabi mai raɗaɗi "mai laushi" ko "tsoho ɗan Peru" saboda murfin launin toka mai kauri. Wasu masana ilimin tsirrai na daukar Espostoy a matsayin jinsin jinsi Cleistocactus (karanta game da Strauss's Cleistocactus a wannan labarin). Tsire-tsire na iya zama kamar bishiya, ko shafi, ko kamar shrub. Tushen na iya yin reshe kaɗan ko daji. Jinsin ya hada har zuwa iri 15 na espostoas.

Mahimmanci! A cikin gida, masu noman furanni suna girma esposo mai ulu. Wannan nau'ikan ya fi dacewa da yanayin mu.

Tarihin ganowa, labarin kasa game da muhalli da bayyanar da murtsattsu

Bayanin farko na jinsi ya fara ne tun daga farkon karni na 20. An sanyawa furen sunan Nicholas Esposto, wani masanin ilimin tsirrai daga kasar Peru, darektan wani lambun tsirrai a Lima, babban birnin kasar ta Peru. Gidan haifuwa na ƙananan shine Afirka ta Kudu, Ecuador, arewacin da yankunan tsakiyar Peru. Mahalli na gari - dutsen ƙasa mai duwatsu, tuddai mai tsayi na kwari. Mai tushe yana da ƙarfi, shafi, ana iya yin reshe mai kyau, mai siffar candelabra.

A gida, cacti ba reshe ba.

A dabi'a, murtsun tsamiya ya girma har zuwa 4 - 7 m a tsayi. A diamita na girma harbe ne har zuwa cm 15. Hakarkarin haƙ Theƙa, m, m, madaidaiciya. Yawan haƙarƙarin yakai 20 - 30. Theahoguwan suna girma daga areoles, suna girma har 30 - 40 guda. Tayayyun ƙaya ce, madaidaiciya, tsayinsu yakai 0.5 - 1. Launi na ƙayayuwa na iya zama rawaya, ja, launin toka-toka. Magungunan tsakiya suna da yawa, da wuya, sun yi duhu, tsawon su yakai 1 - 3. Hakanan suma an samu gashin ulu a cikin tsaunukan. Fure-fure masu ƙararrawa suna bayyana musamman a cikin daji.

Babban balaga yana hana zafin rana da kunar rana a jiki. 'Ya'yan itacen suna da daɗi, a yanayi ana ɗaukarsu mai cin abinci ne. Tsaba suna da kyau, baƙi, suna da murfin mai yawa - balaga.

Mashahuri iri da iri

Espostoa lanata (auduga, lanata)

Don bayyanarta da kallon ban dariya, ana kiran wannan fure "Old Peruvian", "murtsunguwa - tsoho." Ya bambanta a cikin kayan ado. Gangar cikin yanayi na iya girma har zuwa 3 - 5 m. A gida, yana girma har zuwa 1 m kawai... A kawai rassan a cikin shuke-shuke balagagge. Hakarkarin yawa suna, har zuwa 25 - 30 akan tushe. Dukan ginshiƙin an lulluɓe shi da farin farin ciki, ta inda ƙayayuwa suka shiga. Gwanayen suna gajeru, masu yawa, launuka masu rawaya tare da jan jan. Furannin farare ne, an kafa su akan cephalia. A iri-iri yana da yawa matasan iri.

Melanostele (mai siffar baƙar fata)

Sunaye iri ɗaya na shuka sune Pseudoespostoa melanostele, Pseudoespostoa melanostele. Gindin bishiyoyin da suka manyanta suna ɗaukar duhu, baƙar fata. Baran ya girma har zuwa 2 m a tsawo. An ɗora saman ana ɗaure tare da farin kwando na gashin ulu. Madaidaiciyar haƙarƙari, har zuwa guda 25. Gwanaye masu yawa, haske ko duhu a launi mai launin rawaya. Tsawon ƙayawar ya kai cm 2 - 4. Furen farare ne. A dabi'a, suna girma akan wuraren hamada masu duwatsu (karanta game da hamada cacti nan).

Ritteri (Mai rubutawa)

Ritter yana ɗaya daga cikin kyawawan kyawawan nau'ikan cacti mai laushi, nau'in bred, wanda yake da ulu mai laushi (zaka iya ƙarin koyo game da cacti mai laushi anan). An buɗe a cikin 60s na karni na 20 a cikin Peru. Jigon yana da yawa, kamar bishiya, yana girma kusan 4 m a tsayi. Yana da harbe-harbe na gefe. Kashin haƙarin haƙarƙarinsa ba su da ƙarfi, akwai raƙuman gado. Areolae yana da fararen gashi masu kyau har zuwa tsawon 2 - 3 cm. Inesunƙun sunada sirara, mai siffar allura, tsayin 1 - 2 cm. Launi na ƙayayuwa na iya zama rawaya mai haske, akwai ƙananan-iri da ƙaya mai ruwan kasa-mai launin ruwan kasa (akwai wasu cacti ba tare da ƙaya ba?). Furannin farare ne, manya, har zuwa 5 cm a diamita. Furannin suna girma cikin tsawon 7 - 8 cm.

Yadda ake kulawa a gida?

Zazzabi

Zafin jiki na daki ya fi kyau daga bazara zuwa kaka... A lokacin hunturu, zazzabin abun ciki na iya ragewa da digiri da yawa. A lokacin rani, Espostoa da aka bari ya iya jure yanayin zafi har zuwa 25 - 30 ° C.

Mahimmanci! digo na yanayin zafi ƙasa da 8 ° С ba shi da karɓa.

Shayarwa

Yanayi mai mahimmanci shine iyakancin shayarwa a duk shekara. A cikin kaka da hunturu, ba da ruwa, za ku iya jika ƙasa sau ɗaya a wata. Ana aiwatar da ruwa yayin da coma na ƙasa ya bushe gaba ɗaya. Shuka ba ta buƙatar ƙarin spraying.

Furen yana son iska mai kyau, a lokacin rani, a lokacin zafi, ya kamata ku fitar da tukwane don buɗe verandas.

Hasken wuta

Espostoa yana ɗaukar haske mai yawa duk shekara. Ya dace da tsarin tukwane na gabas da yamma... Zai fi kyau inuwar windows na kudu a tsakar rana tare da murfin haske, rana mai zafin rai na iya cutar da furen. Bayan hutun hunturu, furar ta saba da rana a hankali.

Firamare

Tushen ya zama mai haske, sako-sako da, ruwa da iska mai shiga ciki. Ana buƙatar lambatu Ana amfani da kwakwalwan marmara, faɗaɗa yumɓu, murƙushe polystyrene azaman magudanar ruwa.

A abun da ke ciki na kasar gona cakuda:

Afasa mai launi - 1 tsp
Sand - 1 tsp
Sod ƙasar - 2 hours
Kwakwalwan bulo - 2 tsp
Laarin magudanar ruwa.

Yankan

An fi dacewa aiwatar yayin dasawa. Ana buƙatar datsa ne kawai don tsire mai girma.

Tsarin yankewa:

Lafiya yanke harbe - mai tushe don grafting.
An yanke saman tsire-tsire masu tsire don ƙarin tushen abubuwan cuttings.
Hakanan, ya kamata ku yanke abubuwan lalacewar da suka kamu da ƙwayoyin cuta.
Yana buƙatar tsabtace tsabtace jiki na busassun busassun tushe.

Mahimmanci! wuraren yankan sun bushe kuma anyi foda da garwashin gawayi ko carbon mai aiki.

Top miya

Ana amfani da takin mai magani daga Mayu zuwa Satumba a cikin kananan allurai ta hanyar ban ruwa. Tsarin ciyarwa shine sau 1 a kowane sati 3-4. Yawancin lokaci, ana amfani da takin mai rikitarwa na musamman don cacti da succulents. A lokacin bazara, fure na buƙatar takin nitrogen. A lokacin rani da kaka, zai fi kyau a ciyar da filayen tare da sinadarin potassium da phosphorus. Za a iya amfani da takin gargajiya mai ƙarancin ƙarfi.

An ba da shawarar madadin takin mai ma'adinai da kwayoyin halitta.

Wiwi

Tukunyar kada ta zama babba da zurfi. Lokacin dasawa, yi amfani da tukunya mai girman 2 cm a diamita... An zaɓi tukunya la'akari da ƙarar tushen tsarin. Zai fi kyau a yi amfani da kwantena yumbu marasa gilashi. Matsakaicin yanayin cikin tukunya yana taimakawa don ƙarfafa tushen tafiyar da kyau.

Yana da mahimmanci cewa tukunyar tana da ramuka a ƙasa don magudanar ruwa mai yawa.

Canja wurin

Ana dasa furanni kowace shekara. Manyan tsire-tsire suna buƙatar dasawa sau ɗaya kowace shekara 5lokacin da tukunyar tayi karama, saiwar ba ta dace da akwatin ba.

Mahimmi: ya kamata a sabunta saman Layer na substrate sau ɗaya kowace shekara 3. Lokacin dasawa, lalacewar mutuncin tushen tsarin ba karbabbe bane, wannan na iya haifar da mutuwar tsiron. Ana aiwatar da aikin a farkon bazara.

Tsarin dasawa:

An zubar da magudanar ruwa 3-4 cm akan kasan tukunyar.
Soilasa na uwar daji tana jike.
An cire tsire-tsire tare da clod na ƙasa.
Ana aiwatar da tsaftar muhalli da datse na ruɓaɓɓen ɓaure.
An dasa daji ta hanyar hanyar sauka.
Ana zub da sabon sabo a cikin fanko mara kyau na tukunyar.
Isasa yana da sauƙi a haɗe a gefuna, yana gyara tsirrai.

Mahimmanci! Ruwa yana tsayawa na kwanaki 3-4. An sanya tukwane a wuri mai inuwa don duk lokacin karbuwa.

Wintering

A cikin hunturu, tsire-tsire yana barci. Matsar da tukwane zuwa dakin mai sanyaya.

Mafi kyawun yanayin sanyi shine 14-16 ° C. A lokacin hunturu, awanni masu hasken rana suna buƙatar walƙiya ta wucin gadi tare da fitilu na musamman na awowi da yawa a rana. Fertilizing fure a wannan lokacin ba shi da shawarar.

Fasali na dasa shuki a cikin buɗaɗɗen ƙasa

Espostoa ba tsire-tsire masu wuya ba ne na hunturu. Furen baya jure yanayin hunturu da damina mai sanyi na yanayi mai yanayi... A lokacin bazara, zaku iya shuka ko tono a cikin tukwane akan gadon filawa mai matakai daban-daban tsakanin duwatsu. A cikin filin bude don hunturu, ana canza furanni zuwa ɗakin. Raɓa, yalwar ruwa, yawan zafin jiki na yau da kullun, ruwan ƙasa ana hana shi shuka.

Sake haifuwa

Yankan

Sauƙaƙe isa. Ana aiwatar da aikin a bazara ko bazara.

Yankan makirci:

Yankakken apical ko layin gefuna an yanke su.
Ana sarrafa wuraren yankan tare da kwal.
An bushe kayan shuka na kwanaki 2 a wuri mai inuwa.
Yanke-yanke sun samo tushe a cikin cakuda peat.
Yanayin zafin jiki shine 18 - 23 ° С.
Ana dasa cutan da aka kafe a kananan tukwane masu girma.

Tsaba

Tsarin shuka abu ne mai wahala kuma yana da tsayi. Ana aiwatar da aikin a cikin bazara. An shuka iri a cikin cakuda yashi da ƙasa ta lambu.

Tsarin shuka:

An sanya ƙasa a cikin ɗakunan ajiya marasa zurfi.
Ana rarraba iri a ko'ina ba tare da binnewa ba.
An yafa shuka sau ɗaya da yashi a saman.
Shuka ya dan jika.
An rufe kwantena da tsare ko gilashi.
An sanya iska cikin iska a kullum.
Yanayin iska - har zuwa 27 ° С.
Da zarar harbe-harbe na farko sun fasa, gilashin an cire shi.
Hasken yana haske.
Ana nitsar da ƙwayoyi bayan makonni 3 - 4 cikin kwantena dabam.

Girma da kiwo a gadon filawa

Espostoa ya banbanta ta ƙaramin ƙaruwa, yana tsiro sannu a hankali, masu lambu galibi suna ɗora shi akan babban akwatin Cereus da sauran manyan succulents. Ana amfani da cakuda mai gina jiki na ƙasar lambu ta ƙasa da yashi a cikin filawar filawar, a cikin rabo 2: 1. Addedara magudanan ruwa a cikin kowane rami - tsakuwa ko gutsuttsurar bulo, marmara kwakwalwan kwamfuta. Kuna iya ciyar da fure tare da rauni mai ƙarfi mullein bayani.

Nuances na furanni

Furanni suna fitowa daga wani cephalius da aka kafa tsawon lokaci a saman tushe... Furannin suna da siffar mazurari, mafi girma, 5 - 8 cm tsayi. Launin furannin ruwan hoda ne ko fari (karanta game da cacti tare da furannin ruwan hoda anan).

Mahimmanci! Abubuwan da aka fi sani da furanni shine furannin da kansu suna fure, a matsayin mai mulkin, da daddare.

Me za ayi idan buds basu bayyana ba?

Yakamata a kiyaye zagayen ci gaban shekara-shekara na shuka. Tabbatar kiyaye lokacin bacci, canja fure zuwa wuri mai sanyi. A lokacin hunturu, yakamata a samar da haske mai kyau da kuma bushewar bushewa don karfafa samuwar tsiro.

Fulawa sun lura da hakan a gida, Espostoa da matasan da ke biye mata ba su cika yin fure ba.

Cututtuka da kwari

Rushewa yana faruwa ne saboda ambaliyar. Yana buƙatar pruning na ƙwayoyin cuta masu dasawa, dasa shuren fure, maye gurbin haɗin tukunyar.
Adadin lemun tsami a fatar kai sakamakon iska mai danshi da danshi mai zafi. Ya kamata a tsayar da ruwa tsawon kwana 7 zuwa 10. An kwashe tukwane zuwa wuri mai haske da dumi.
Jiyya na substrate da kuma fesa kanwa tare da maganin actara ko phytoverm zai taimaka rabu da mu gizo-gizo mites, mealybugs.
Jiyya na bushes tare da biotlin ko wasu kayan gwari za su taimaka daga aphids.

Makamantan fure

Espostoa mai ban mamaki (Espostoa mirabilis) tana girma kamar bishiya. Mai tushe haske ne, koren mai launin toka. Spines - bakin ciki needles.
Espostoa sannu (Espostoa senilis) yayi girma zuwa mita 2 a tsayi. Spines suna da gashi, fari. Furannin suna da kyau da daddare sai da daddare.
Escobaria dasyacantha var Chaffeyi yana kuma da tufafi mai '' ƙyalli ''. Kwayoyin allura, har zuwa 2 cm.
Escobaria Schneda (Escobaria sneedii) yana girma cikin gungu na tushe. Ribs suna da ƙarfi. Spines suna da fari, mai yawa.
Escobaria lokacin farin ciki spiny (Escobaria dasyacantha). Jigon yana da tsayi, har zuwa 7 cm a diamita. Gwanayen suna da ƙarfi, tsawo, har zuwa 1.5 cm a tsayi. Furannin ruwan hoda ne.

Espostoa fure ne na hamada, mai tauri kuma ba mai sarkakiya ba. Kula da duk ka'idojin kulawa, zaka iya bunkasa lafiyayyun kayan kwalliyar kwalliya cikin kankanin lokaci.

Muna gayyatarku ku kalli bidiyo game da kula da cacti na jinsi Espostoa:

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