Menene matakan sukari na gwoza? Fasahar noman kayan lambu
Arwaron sukari ɗan shekara biyu ne tushen kayan lambu. Sugar, molasses ana samunsu ne daga fruitsa fruitsan itacen, kuma suna zama abincin dabbobi. Beets suna da wadataccen kayan abinci mai gina jiki da abun cikin sukari. Manoma suna shuka kayan lambu don kasuwanci, masu lambu don bukatun kansu.
Lokacin da ake shuka tushen amfanin gona, ana buƙatar yanayi na musamman, kula da ƙwayoyi masu kyau, kariya daga kwari da cututtuka. Zamu fada maku dalla-dalla yadda zaka samu amfanin gona mai kyau da lafiya.
Yawan aiki daga hekta 1
Yanayin yanayi da danshi na ƙasa suna tasiri yawan amfanin ƙasa. Tattara:
- a matsakaita 40 t / ha;
- tare da isasshen danshi daga 80 zuwa 90 t / ha;
- rikodin duniya 196.7 t / ha.
A cikin busassun yanayi ba tare da ban ruwa ba, yawan amfanin ƙasa zai sauka ƙasa da 20-25t / ha.
Yadda ake girma: fasahar haɓaka
Shuka beets yana cin lokaci... Don shuka, shirya ƙasa a cikin bazara ko kaka. Don wannan:
- A cikin kaka, ana amfani da takin mai magani, ana nome ƙasa zuwa zurfin 30 cm, an zaɓi ciyawa. Ka yi la’akari da magabata.
- A cikin bazara, suna harrow da noma zuwa zurfin 8 cm.
- Ana tsaba iri a cikin ruwan dumi da daddare.
- Ana yin raɗa don dasawa a nisan 50 cm daga juna. A yanayin zafin jiki na +8 digiri - digiri 12 da zafin ƙasa na digiri + 6, ana shuka iri zuwa zurfin 5 cm.
- A rana ta shida bayan shuka, makircin ya ƙaru.
- Lokacin da harbe-harbe na farko suka bayyana, an kwance kasa zuwa zurfin 5-7 cm.
- Ana busar da ƙwaya. Ka bar shuke-shuke masu ƙarfi.
- Soilasa lokaci-lokaci ana sassautawa ana ban ruwa.
- Girbi.
- Yi alƙawarin adanawa ko amfani da su cikin kasuwanci.
Taswirar fasaha na namo mai ƙarfi (tebur):
https://vuzlit.ru/342751/tehnologicheskaya_karta_vozdelyvaniya_saharnoy_svyokly.
Kudin tsaba kuma a cikin waɗanne kamfanoni aka sayi su?
A cikin Moscow, ana siyen iri daga kamfanoni:
- Shagon yanar gizo "Online.semenasad.ru": 1050 rubles / da 1 kg; MUW 85 / don 100 gr.
- LLC "Agrofirmamars": 260 rubles / a 1 kg.
A cikin St. Petersburg, ana sayan iri daga kamfanoni:
- kantin yanar gizo "Green Agro": 0.80 rubles / don 1 g; 40,00 rubles / na 50 gr .;
- Cibiyar kasuwancin Intanit Rijista: 17 rubles / don 4 gr.;
- sarkar hypermarkets "Maxidom": 15 rubles / don 4 gr.
Lokacin shiga jirgi
Lokacin dacewa don shuka iri ya dogara da yankin:
- don tsakiyar latitudes - watannin bazara;
- a cikin yankuna masu zafi da ƙananan yanayi - watannin kaka.
Lokacin shuka mafi kyau shine har zuwa tsakiyar Afrilu... Sauran kwanakin shuka ba su da garantin amfanin da ake so. Young seedlings na sukari gwoza ne kula da dare frosts. A wannan yanayin, yana da kyau a sauya shuka.
Zabar mafi kyawun wuri dangane da magabata
Wurin da bai dace ba yana rage yawan amfanin ƙasa na tushen dadi. Shuka a yankin rana. A cikin inuwa, asalinsu ba za su sami nauyi ba. Idan akai la'akari da magabata, mafi kyawun zaɓi don gwoza shine yankin bayan hatsin hunturu. Ya kamata a fara bugun jini na farko-farko ko kayan kwalliya a gabansu.
Ana dasa shuki a cikin tsohon wuri bayan shekaru uku. Gwoza ba sa son kusancin ruwan karkashin kasa.
Magana! Kada ku yi tsammanin girbi mai kyau bayan magabata: masara, fyade, flax, legumes.
Menene ya kamata kasar gona?
Don dasa shuki, an zaɓi ƙasa mai baƙar fata, ƙasa mai yashi ko yashi mai yashi tare da tsaka tsaki. Yakamata su zama masu haske, masu walwala, masu wadataccen kayan abinci, wadatar da takin gargajiya da na ma'adinai. Tsanani, kasa mai ruwa tare da pH kasa da 6% (acidic) basu dace da noman kayan lambu ba. Ya kamata ƙasa ta kasance ba ta da ciyawa da manyan dunƙulenta.
Shuka
Yawan shuka ya dogara da germination da tsarki. Mafi girman yawan tsiro, ana buƙatar ƙananan ƙwayoyi don dasawa. Yawan kwaya yana shafar ingancin tushen amfanin gona. Tare da ƙaruwa cikin ƙimar, sai a murƙushe tushen. Babban ragi a cikin yawan shuka yana haifar da raguwar yawan amfanin ƙasa.
Wannan teburin yana nuna yawan rabe-raben shuka na gwoza da ake buƙata don yankin da aka bayar.
| Al'adu | Yawan tsire-tsire a kowace 10 m2(PC.) | Yawan shuke-shuke a kowace kadada (inji mai kwakwalwa.) | Yanayin ƙasa don buɗe ƙasa, (g / 10 m2) | Yanayin ƙasa don buɗe ƙasa, (kg / ha) |
| Gwoza | 400-600 | 400000-600000 | 10-12 | 10-12 |
Ana shuka tsaba a zurfin 2-3 cm, a nesa na 18-22 cm, ya dogara da yawan dasa da ake so. Taron tazarar layi 45 ko 50. Don matsakaicin yawan amfanin ƙasa, ana ba da shawarar yawan shuka na 80,000 - 100,000 a kowace kadada. Yawan kwayar sukari gwoza ita ce iri 222.
Yanayin namo
Sugar gwoza yayi girma sosai a yankuna:
- matsakaiciyar yanayin duniya;
- na wurare masu zafi;
- subtropical.
Zafin jiki mafi kyau don shuka tushen amfanin gona:
- don yaɗuwar ƙwaya 10-12 ° C;
- don ciyayi 20-22 ° C.
Mafi qarancin zafin jiki na tsiron ƙasa shine 3-4 ° C. Germination yana haɓaka tare da ƙara yawan zafin jiki.
Matasa matasa suna kula da sanyi. Juriya mai sanyi yana ƙaruwa tare da bayyanar ganyen farko.
Tushen amfanin gona ba ya son yin ruwa... Dogayen tushe suna amfani da danshi na ƙasa wanda aka tara lokacin kaka-lokacin hunturu. Abubuwan da ke cikin sukari suna tasiri ta kwanakin rana a watan Agusta - Oktoba. Lokacin haske yana hanzarta ci gaba.
Shayarwa
Kafin shuka, ana shayar da ƙasa don shuka iri. Humara yawan zafi yana hana ci gaban tushen amfanin gona da tarawar abun cikin sukari. Ruwan sama kamar da bakin kwarya ya lalata amfanin gona. Tsire-tsire yana buƙatar kimanin 25 m3 a kowace kadada na ruwa a lokacin bazara, 40 m3 a kowace kadada a yayin da yake girma. Watering ya dogara da nau'in ƙasa da yanayin yanayi:
- sako-sako da ƙasa ana yin danshi sau biyu a mako;
- ƙasa mai nauyi - sau ɗaya a mako.
Ana tsayar da danshi sati biyu zuwa hudu kafin lokacin girbi. An ba da izinin ban ruwa mai sauƙi don sauƙaƙe sakin kayan lambu daga ƙasa yayin girbi.
Top miya
Bears na sukari suna buƙata akan yanayin ƙasa... Yana daukar yawancin abubuwan gina jiki daga takin mai magani. Don girma yawan amfanin ƙasa, ana amfani da taki don beets da kuma amfanin gona na hunturu waɗanda suka gabace shi. Na farko kwanaki 10-15 bayan germination an fi cinyewa da ma'adinai.
- Ana amfani da takin mai magani tare da potassium da phosphorus a cikin ƙasa a lokacin kaka (10 - 20 kg / ha). Gina jiki tare da abubuwa masu amfani ya zama dole yayin samuwar tushen amfanin gona.
- Ana ƙara nitrogen a cikin ƙasa kashi-kashi a cikin bazara kafin shuka (90-100 kg / ha).
Aiwatar:
- lemun tsami-ammonium nitrate;
- calcium nitrogen sulfate da nitrogen sulfate.
Jiyya na ƙasar tare da maganin ciyawa
An zabi shirye-shirye dangane da yanayin ƙasa da danshi. Aiwatar kafin shuka. Ingancin ƙasa yana shafar sakamakon aiki. Don har ma da rarraba maganin, ana murƙushe manyan clods na ƙasa.
Ana magance su daga weeds, la'akari da bukatun:
- lokaci - sanyin safiya ko maraice;
- weeds dole ne ta kasance a farkon matakin ci gaba;
- yanayin iska kusan digiri 20 C;
- babu hazo game da awanni 6 bayan jiyya.
Mafi mashahuri maganin kashe ciyawa sune:
- Betanal;
- Lantrel;
- Shogun.
Mahimmanci! Ka tuna don kare yanayin. Kula da yawan amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi. Hana su shiga ruwa mai tsafta da ruwa.
Sauran matakan kula da kayan lambu
Beets ba spud... Sashinsa na sama ya tashi sama da ƙasa, babu tushen a kan tushen amfanin gona. Matakan kula da gwoza sun haɗa da:
- tsoratarwa;
- sassautawa;
- mulching.
Gwargwadon Sugar ya baci kwanaki 5-7 bayan shuka ko kwanaki 3 kafin harbe har zuwa zurfin 10-12 cm An fara sakin farko a farkon harbe-harbe. Lokacin da ganye 4-5 suka bayyana, ana kwance su a karo na biyu zuwa zurfin 6-8 cm. Ana cigaba da sakin bayan ruwa da ruwan sama.
Mulching damar:
- daidaita danshi na ƙasa;
- kare tsiro daga iska da zaizayar ruwa;
- kara yawan tsutsar ciki, wanda zai inganta yanayin kasa.
Kamar ciyawa, suna ɗaukar ciyawa, wanda ya rage daga amfanin gonar alkama da hatsin rai na shekarar da ta gabata. Ana amfani da tan 3-5 na ciyawar ciyawar kowace kadada ta yankin.
Fasaha mai tsafta
Tushen amfanin gona yayi girma har tsawon watanni uku... Ana aiwatar da girbi a watan Satumba a cikin yanayin bushewa. Cikakke beets da rawaya saman. A manyan wurare, ana amfani da inji don girbi, a kan ƙananan yankuna ana lalata su da fankoki ko shebur, sannan a ciro su da hannu. Ana cire saman tare da wuka, an bar hemp tare da tsayin cm ɗaya da rabi, wurin yankan ya zama foda da toka.
Mahimmanci! Yi hankali a yayin girbi. Ba za a iya adana kayan lambu da suka lalace na dogon lokaci ba.
Ma'aji
Zaba amfanin gona:
- tsabtace daga duniya;
- bushe a rana.
Ajiye amfanin gona a wuri mai sanyi, iska mai iska. Ana kiyaye albarkar tushe daga hasken rana. Idan babu dakin da ya dace, to sai a zuba kayan lambu cikin tara ko ramuka a cikin filayen, an lulluɓe su da bambaro ko sawdust.
Cututtuka
Cercosporosis yana daya daga cikin cututtukan sukari... Ganyayyaki suna bushewa kuma sun bushe daga bayyanar launin ruwan kasa ko toka-toka. An samo shi a duk yankuna. Yana rage abun suga har zuwa kashi 50% kuma yana lalata kusan kashi 70% na amfanin gona.
Matakan sarrafawa:
- liming na ƙasa mai guba;
- yarda da juyawar amfanin gona;
- dasa kayan inganci.
Don kare beets daga cututtuka, ana shigar da tokar itace da boron cikin ƙasa. Daga rashin boron a cikin ƙasa ko rashi a kan beets, an kafa tushen da baƙar fata.
Kwari
Karin kwari na gwoza na haifar da babbar illa ga shuka. Wadannan sun hada da:
- Kyauta... Caterpillar gnaws a mai tushe, yana lalata ganye da asalinsu a busasshen yanayin zafi.
- Aphid... Ya tsotse ruwan 'ya'yan itace daga ganyen matasa. Yana ninka cikin sauri.
- Fleas... Suna cizon ganye.
- Tsutsar Waya... Etwaro irin ƙwaro ya lalata tushen matasa kuma ya motsa cikin fruitsa fruitsan itace.
- Matt Matattu Mai Ci... Gwoza da larvae suna lalata albarkatun gona a cikin dausayi.
Don maganin kwari ana amfani da su:
- Noma na inji mai inganci;
- maganin sinadarai na ƙasa da tsire-tsire.
Gwoza Sugar shine lafiyayyen kayan lambu wanda zai haɓaka rigakafi, daidaita narkewar abinci, kuma ya cika rashin bitamin da kuma ma'adanai. Amma kayan lambu shima yana da contraindications saboda yawan gulukos dinsa. Wannan ya shafi masu ciwon suga. Tushen kayan lambu yana saukar da hawan jini.