Potsdam - birni ne a cikin Jamus mai cike da tarihi
Potsdam (Jamus) birni ne, da ke a yankin gabashin jihar, kilomita 20 kudu maso yamma da Berlin. Tana da matsayin babban birnin tarayyar jihar Brandenburg, yayin da take garin da ba na yanki ba. Potsdam tana gefen bankin Kogin Havel, a filin da ke da tabkuna masu yawa.
Yankin garin kusan kilomita 190 ne, kuma kusan ¾ na duk yankin yana da koren wurare. Yawan jama'ar da ke zaune a nan yana kusanci mutane 172,000.
Potsdam ya sami canji mai ban mamaki daga ƙaramar mazaunin Slavic, ambaton farko wanda ya faro tun daga 993, zuwa garin da aka sanya masa sarauta a cikin 1660.
Potsdam ta zamani tana ɗaya daga cikin kyawawan biranen birni a cikin Jamus, kuma tsarinta ya shahara har ma da Turai. Tun daga 1990, dukkanin al'adun biranen al'adu sun kasance cikin jerin abubuwan tarihi na UNESCO.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! Bayan an gina katangar Berlin a shekarar 1961, Potsdam, wacce ke kudu maso yammacin Berlin kuma wani bangare na GDR, ta tsinci kanta a kan iyaka da FRG. A sakamakon haka, lokacin tafiya daga Potsdam zuwa babban birnin GDR ya ninka sau biyu. Bayan rushewar Katangar da haɗakar GDR tare da Yammacin Jamus (1990), Potsdam ya zama babban birnin ƙasar Brandenburg.
Manyan abubuwan jan hankali
Saboda kasancewar garin Potsdam kusan gari ne na Berlin, yawon bude ido da yawa da suka zo babban birnin na Jamus suna ziyartarsa da ziyarar kwana ɗaya. Matafiya masu ƙoƙarin ganin abubuwan Potsdam a rana ɗaya zasu sami wadataccen shirin balaguro.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! Wannan birni nan ne gidan daɗaɗɗen ɗimbin fim ɗin fina-finai a duniya da ke samar da fina-finai tun daga 1912 - Babelsberg. Anan aka kirkira hotunan da aka harbi manyan Marlene Dietrich da Greta Garbo. Studio har yanzu yana aiki, kuma wani lokacin ana bawa baƙi damar lura da wasu matakai, misali, ƙirƙirar sakamako na musamman.
Fadar Sanssouci da Filin shakatawa
Sanssouci yana da kyakkyawar cancanta sanannen matsayin mafi kyawu da ingantaccen wuri a cikin Jamus. Wannan rukunin yanar gizon da UNESCO ke da kariya ya bazu a kan wani katafaren yanki mai tudu da filayen hekta 300. Akwai abubuwan jan hankali da yawa na musamman a wurin shakatawa:
- an kawata shi da filin wasa mai kyau da gonakin inabi
- gidan kayan gargajiya na farko a cikin Jamus tare da zane kawai
- Tsohuwar haikalin
- Haikalin abota
- Roman wanka.
Amma mafi girman gine-ginen da ke cikin filin shakatawa na Sanssouci shi ne gidan sarauta, tsohon gidan sarakunan Prussia.
Kuna iya nemo duk cikakkun bayanai game da Sanssouci daga wannan labarin.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! Shahararriyar bikin nan ta Jamus Potsdamer Schlössernacht ana yin sa kowace shekara a Fadar Sanssouci. Shirin ya hada da kade-kade da wake-wake da kide-kide, tarurrukan adabi da wasannin kwaikwayo tare da halartar fitattun masu zane a duniya. Adadin tikiti na hutun koyaushe yana iyakance, saboda haka kuna buƙatar kulawa da siyan su a gaba.
Sabon fada
A gefen yamma na hadadden wurin shakatawa na Sanssouci wani jan hankali ne na musamman na Potsdam da Jamus. Wannan babban taron baroque ne: kyakkyawan ginin Neues Palais, garuruwa da babban nasara tare da baran. Frederick Mai Girma ya fara gina fadar ne a shekarar 1763 don nunawa duniya karfi da arzikin Prussia wanda ba za'a iya rusawa ba. Ya ɗauki shekaru 7, kuma duk aikin an kammala shi.
Sabuwar Fada doguwa ce mai tsayi (200 m) mai hawa uku wanda da alama ma ya fi girma saboda dome da ke tsakiyar rufin. An kawata dome mai tsayi 55 m tare da falala uku rike da kambi. Gaba ɗaya, an yi amfani da mutum-mutumi 267 don kawata ginin, galibinsu suna kan rufin. Akwai ma wani raha da Heinrich Heine ya yi: mawaƙin ya ce akwai mutane da yawa a kan rufin sanannen ginin a cikin garin Potsdam fiye da na ciki.
Tunda Frederick Mai Girma yayi amfani da Neues Palais ne kawai don aiki da kuma masaukin manyan baƙi, yawancin wuraren da ke ciki gida ne daban-daban da zauren taro don bukukuwan girmamawa. Gidaje da ofisoshi an kawata su da zane daga marubutan Turai na ƙarni na 16 zuwa 18. Hakanan akwai irin wannan jan hankali kamar baje kolin "Gallery of Potsdam", wanda ke ba da labarin tarihin gidan sarauta tun daga fitowarta har zuwa yau.
Filaye biyu na ɓangaren kudu suna zaune ne ta gidan wasan kwaikwayo na kotu na karni na 18 tare da kayan ciki wanda aka tsara a cikin zane mai launin ja da fari tare da ƙyalli da gyarar stucco. Gidan wasan kwaikwayo ba shi da akwatin gidan sarauta, tunda Frederick Mai Girma ya fi son zama a cikin zauren, a jere na uku. Yanzu a fagen wasan kwaikwayo, ana ba da wasan kwaikwayo lokaci-lokaci don masu sauraro.
Unesungiyoyin sun yi aiki a matsayin gine-gine kuma a lokaci guda sun ɓoye hangen nesa mai dausayi daga yammacin filin shakatawa. A yau, ƙananan gari suna da jami'a mai koyar da ilimin koyarwa.
Adireshin jan hankali: Neuen Palais, 14469 Potsdam, Brandenburg, Jamus.
Ziyara na yiwuwa a cikin Afrilu-Oktoba daga 10:00 na safe zuwa 6:00 na yamma, da Nuwamba-Maris daga 10:00 na safe zuwa 6:00 pm. Kowace Litinin rana ce ta hutu, kuma a daidai lokacin da ake shigowa da yawon bude ido, ana iyakance damar a ranar Talata (akwai yawon bude ido da aka riga aka tsara).
- Kudin daidaitaccen tikiti shine 8 €, tikitin rangwamen shine 6 €.
- Don ganin duk abubuwan da sanannen rukunin Sanssouci yake a Potsdam, Jamus, ya fi fa'ida a sayi tikitin Sanssouci + - cikakken farashi mai sauƙi 19 € da 14 €, bi da bi.
Tsitsilienhof
Shahararren mai jan hankali na gaba a Potsdam shine Schloss Cecilienhof. Wannan shine katafaren gidan karshe da dangin Hohenzollern suka gina: a cikin 1913-1917 aka gina shi ga Yarima Wilhelm da matarsa Cecilia.
Kokarin ɓoye girman ginin ne, wanda yake da ɗakuna 176, da gwaninta ya tsara gine-ginen mutane cikin farfajiya 5. Kimon hayaki 55 sun tashi sama da rufin ginin, wasu daga cikinsu suna aiki, wasu kuma abubuwa ne na ado kawai. Duk bakin hayaki sun banbanta! Tsakanin katanga babban falo ne, wanda daga shi ne wani katako da aka sassaƙa matakalan katako yana kaiwa zuwa hawa na biyu, zuwa ɗakunan sirri na ma'auratan masu martaba.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa! A lokacin bazara na shekarar 1945, a cikin Schloss Cecilienhof ne aka gudanar da taron na Potsdam, inda shugabannin kasashen da suka yi nasara a yakin duniya na biyu, Truman, Churchill da Stalin suka hadu. Yarjejeniyar Potsdam, wacce Manyan Manyan suka amince da ita anan, ta aza harsashin sabon tsari a cikin Jamus: ba da daɗewa ba aka raba ƙasar zuwa GDR da FRG, kuma garin Potsdam ya kasance a Yankin Gabas, ɓangare na GDR.
Smallananan ɓangare na gidan Cecilienhof yanzu suna da Gidan Tarihi na Taro na Potsdam. Wuraren da aka gudanar da taron ba su canza ba; har yanzu akwai babban tebur zagaye, wanda aka yi shi a masana'antar Soviet "Lux" musamman don wannan taron. Kuma a tsakar gida, a gaban babbar ƙofar, akwai shimfidar gadon fure mai kwalliya iri-iri, wanda aka shimfida a cikin shekarar 1945 a cikin hanyar tauraruwa mai jan kafa biyar-biyar.
Yawancin yawancin gidan Cecilienhof suna hannun 4 * Relexa Schlosshotel Cecilienhof.
Adireshin jan hankali: Im Neuen Garten 11, 14469 Potsdam, Brandenburg, Jamus.
An buɗe gidan kayan gargajiya daga Talata zuwa Lahadi bisa ga jadawalin:
- Afrilu-Oktoba - daga 10:00 zuwa 17:30;
- Nuwamba-Maris - daga 10:00 zuwa 16:30.
Ziyarci kudin:
- tafiya a cikin lambun da ke kusa;
- Gidan kayan gargajiya na taron Potsdam - 8 € cikakke, 6 € rage;
- balaguro zuwa ɗakunan sirri na yarima da matarsa - 6 € cikakke kuma 5 € ya ragu.
Kwatanta farashin Masauki ta amfani da wannan Fom din
Kofar Brandenburg
A cikin 1770, don girmama ƙarshen Yaƙin Shekaru Bakwai, Sarki Frederick II Mai Girma ya ba da umarnin gina ƙofar nasara a Potsdam, wanda ake kira Brandofar Brandenburg.
Samfurin ginin shine Roman Arch na Constantine. Amma har yanzu ƙofar Brandenburg tana da fasali ɗaya: fuskoki daban-daban. Gaskiyar ita ce, zane ne wanda wasu magina biyu - Karl von Gontard da Georg Christian Unger suka gudanar - kuma kowannensu ya yi "nasa" facade.
Adireshin jan hankali: Luisenplatz, 14467 Potsdam, Brandenburg, Jamus.
Quasar Dutch
A cikin 1733-1740, an gina gidaje 134 a Potsdam don masu sana'ar Dutch waɗanda suka zo Jamus aiki. Gidajen sun kirkiro wani yanki (Holländisches Viertel), an raba shi ta tituna biyu zuwa rukuni 4. Gidaje masu launuka iri-iri masu launin ja, tubali na asali da ƙofofi - wannan gine-ginen kwata na Dutch tare da dandano mai ɗanɗano na ƙasa ya bambanta shi da sauran Potsdam.
Holländisches Viertel tare da babban titinsa Mittelstraße ya daɗe ya zama wani nau'in jan hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido na wannan birni na zamani. Gidaje masu kyau suna da kantuna masu kyau, shagunan gargajiya, kantuna na kyauta, ɗakunan zane-zane, gidajen abinci masu kyau da kuma shagunan shakatawa. Bikin nunin Holländisches Viertel yana a Mittelstraße 8, inda zaku iya ganin siffofi uku na gine-ginen kwata, kayan gida na mazaunan yankin.
Kuma babu wani kwatancin har ma da hotunan wannan jan hankali na Potsdam ba sa isar da dukkan launinsa da yanayinsa. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa masu yawon bude ido da suka zo ganin garin na Jamus suke cikin hanzari don zuwa nan.
Gidan Tarihi na Barberini
A farkon 2017, an buɗe sabon gidan kayan gargajiya, Barberini Museum, a Potsdam, a cikin kyakkyawan gini mai hawa uku tare da farin farin sandstone. Mai gadin Hasso Plattner ne ya gina gidan tarihin na Barberini, kuma an sanya sunan ne don girmama Fadar Barberini da aka lalata a yakin duniya na II. Don haka yanzu zaku iya ganin ƙarin jan hankali a Potsdam.
Abin sha'awa! Nan da nan bayan buɗewa, Barberini ya jagoranci manyan wuraren buɗe kayan tarihi na 10 na shekara a cewar Guardian.
Bayyanar da sabon gidan kayan tarihin ya dogara ne akan zane daga tarin Hasso Platner:
- ayyukan masu jan hankali da zamani;
- ayyuka waɗanda ke wakiltar fasahar bayan-yaƙi da fasahar GDR daga baya;
- zane-zanen da masu zane-zane na zamani suka kirkira bayan 1989.
Nunin na ɗan lokaci yana kan hawa biyu na hawa uku - ana maye gurbinsu sau uku a shekara. A kan tashar yanar gizon hukuma https://www.museum-barberini.com/ zaka iya ganin koyaushe nune-nunen ɗan lokaci da gidan kayan gargajiya yake nunawa a kan takamaiman ranakun.
- Adireshin jan hankali: Humboldtstrasse 5-6, 14467 Potsdam, Brandenburg, Jamus.
- Ana tsammanin baƙi a nan daga 10:00 zuwa 19:00 a kowace ranar mako, ban da Talata. Kowace Alhamis ta farko a watan, ana buɗe baje kolin daga 10:00 zuwa 21:00.
- An shigar da yara 'yan ƙasa da shekara 18 gidan kayan gargajiya kyauta. Kudaden shiga na manya da wadanda suka amfana sune 14 € da 10 € bi da bi. A lokacin awa ta ƙarshe na aiki, tikitin maraice yana aiki, cikakken kuɗin sa 8 €, ragin farashin 6 €.
Arewa Belvedere
Belvedere akan tsaunin Pfingstberg, a arewacin garin, nesa da tsakiyar, shima abin jan hankali ne. A waje na hadaddun (1863) na da kyau: wannan babban birni ne na Gidan Renaissance na Italia tare da hasumiyoyi masu ƙarfi biyu da katon falon.
Belvedere Pfingstberg ya kasance sanannen wurin hutu na dogon lokaci har zuwa cikin 1961 aka gina katangar Berlin mai tsawon mita 155, wacce ta aminta ta raba FRG da GDR. Tun daga wannan lokacin, belvedere, wanda ya kasance tare da Potsdam a cikin GDR, ya kasance a tsare koyaushe: yana da mahimmin mahimmanci daga inda zai yiwu zuwa zuwa ga ƙasar jari hujja mai makwabtaka. Kamar yawancin wuraren tarihi a cikin GDR, belvedere a hankali ya faɗi cikin lalacewa kuma ya faɗi. Sai kawai a tsakiyar shekarun 1990, bayan haɗewar GDR da FRG, an maido da wurin da yawancin 'yan ƙasa suka fi so.
Akwai shimfidar kallo a kan hasumiyar belvedere, daga gare ta akwai abin buɗe ido mai ban mamaki. A cikin yanayi mai kyau, daga can ba za ku iya ganin Potsdam duka ba, har ma da Berlin, aƙalla sanannen jan hankalin birni - Hasumiyar TV.
Ana iya samun Arewacin Belvedere a Neuer Garten, 14469 Potsdam, Jamus.
Lokacin buɗewa:
- a cikin Afrilu-Oktoba - kullum a 10:00 zuwa 18:00;
- a watan Maris da Nuwamba - daga 10:00 zuwa 16:00 na ranakun Asabar da Lahadi.
Farashin sune kamar haka (a cikin kudin Tarayyar Turai):
- tikitin balagagge - 4.50;
- rage tikiti (marasa aiki, ɗalibai ƙasa da 30, da dai sauransu) - 3.50;
- yara masu shekaru 6 zuwa 16 - 2;
- yara 'yan ƙasa da shekaru 6 - shiga kyauta ne;
- tikitin dangi (manya 2, yara 3) - 12;
- jagorar mai jiwuwa - 1.
Zaɓuɓɓukan gidaje masu arha a cikin Potsdam
Booking.com yana ba da ɗakuna a fiye da otal-otal 120 a Potsdam, da kuma gidaje masu zaman kansu da yawa. Bugu da ƙari, kusan dukkanin otal-otal a cikin wannan garin suna cikin matakan 3 * da 4 *. Ta yin amfani da matatun da suka dace, koyaushe za ku iya zaɓar mafi kyawun zaɓi, kuma sake dubawa na masu yawon buɗe ido zai taimaka don tabbatar da cewa zaɓin ya yi daidai.
A cikin 3 * hotels, ana iya samun ɗakuna biyu don duka 75 € da 135 € kowace rana. A lokaci guda, ana kiyaye matsakaita farashin a cikin kewayon daga 90 zuwa 105 €.
Za'a iya yin haya daki biyu a cikin otel 4 * na 75 - 145 € kowace rana. Amma ga mafi yawan lambobi, 135 - 140 € ne a kowane daki.
Za'a iya yin hayan ɗakin kwana mai ɗaki mai kyau a cikin garin Potsdam (Jamus) a matsakaita na 90 - 110 € kowace rana.
Yadda ake zuwa daga Berlin
Bari muyi la'akari da hanya mafi kyau don zuwa daga Berlin zuwa Potsdam.
Potsdam a haƙiƙa yanki ne na babban birnin Jamusawa, kuma waɗannan biranen suna da alaƙa da hanyar sadarwar S-Bahn na jiragen ƙasa. Tashar da jiragen kasa ke zuwa Potsdam ita ce Potsdam Hauptbahnhof, kuma kuna iya barin babban birnin daga kusan kowane tashar S-Bahn da kuma daga tashar Friedrichstraße.
Jiragen kasa suna aiki ba dare ba rana tare da tazarar kimanin minti 10. Tafiya daga Friedrichstraße zuwa makomarku yana ɗaukar mintuna 40.
Farashin tikiti shine 3.40 €. Kuna iya siyan shi a cikin injunan siyarwa a tashoshi, kuma ku ma kuna buƙatar naushi a can. Tunda Potsdam wani yanki ne na yankin sufuri na babban birnin Jamus, tafiya zuwa gare shi kyauta tare da Katin Maraba da Berlin.
Jirgin ƙasa na yanki na RE da RB suma suna tashi daga tashar jirgin ƙasa ta Friedrichstrasse zuwa Potsdam (layukan RE1 da RB21 sun dace da wannan hanyar). Jirgin jirgin yana ɗaukar ɗan ƙasa kaɗan (kusan rabin yini), kuma kuɗin tafiya iri ɗaya ne. Ana iya siyan tikitin a ofishin tikitin tashar ko a gidan yanar gizon Rail Europe, wanda ya ƙware kan hanyoyin jirgin ƙasa a cikin Turai.
Mahimmanci! Don ganin yadda ake hawa daga Berlin zuwa Potsdam ta jirgin ƙasa ko jirgin ƙasa, lokacin da jirgin mafi kusa ya tashi daga takamaiman tashar, zaku iya bayyana duk wani bayani na sha'awa akan mai shirin tafiya kan layi na hanyar jirgin ƙasa ta Berlin: https://sbahn.berlin/en/ ...
Duk farashin akan shafin na watan Agusta 2019.
Tuki daga Berlin zuwa Potsdam - bidiyo.